## Arakhin Daf 29b

###### Arakhin 29b:1
[Arakhin 29b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:1)

מַתְנִי׳ **הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ** בִּשְׁעַת הַיּוֹבֵל — אֵינוֹ מוּתָּר לִגְאוֹל פָּחוֹת מִשְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בְּמִסְפַּר שְׁנֵי תְבוּאֹת יִמְכׇּר לָךְ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One who sells his field during a period** when **the Jubilee** Year is in effect **is not permitted to redeem it less than two years** after the sale, **as it is stated: “According to the number of years of the crops he shall sell to you”** (Leviticus 25:15). The plural form “years” indicates a minimum of two years.


###### Arakhin 29b:2
[Arakhin 29b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:2)

הָיְתָה שְׁנַת שִׁדָּפוֹן וְיֵרָקוֹן, אוֹ שְׁנַת שְׁבִיעִית — אֵינָו עוֹלָה מִן הַמִּנְיָן. נָרָהּ אוֹ הוֹבִירָהּ — עוֹלָה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: מְכָרָהּ לוֹ לִפְנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְהִיא מְלֵיאָה פֵּירוֹת — הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל מִמֶּנָּה שָׁלֹשׁ תְּבוּאוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one of those years **was a year of blight or mildew, or** if it was the **Sabbatical Year,** when the buyer is unable to derive benefit from the field, that year **does not count** as part **of the tally,** and the owner must wait an additional year before redeeming the field. If the buyer **plowed** the field but did not sow it, **or** if **he left it fallow,** that year **counts** as part **of his tally,** as it was fit to produce a crop. **Rabbi Eliezer says:** If the owner of the field **sold it to** the buyer **before Rosh HaShana and** the field **was full of produce,** and the owner redeems the field after two years, **that** buyer **consumes from** the field’s produce **three crops in two years.** Although he received the field with its crop, he is not required to return it in the same state.


###### Arakhin 29b:3
[Arakhin 29b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:3)

**גְּמָ׳** הַמּוֹכֵר שָׂדֵהוּ בִּשְׁעַת הַיּוֹבֵל וְכוּ׳. ״אֵינוֹ גּוֹאֵל״ לָא קָתָנֵי, אֶלָּא ״אֵינוֹ מוּתָּר לִגְאוֹל״, אַלְמָא קָסָבַר: אִיסּוּרָא נָמֵי אִיכָּא, דַּאֲפִילּוּ קַרְקוֹשֵׁי זוּזֵי נָמֵי אָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The mishna states that **one who sells his field during a period** when **the Jubilee** Year is in effect is not permitted to redeem it less than two years after the sale. The Gemara notes: The mishna **does not teach** that **one cannot redeem** his field before two years have elapsed; **rather,** the mishna teaches that **one is not permitted to redeem** it. **Evidently,** the *tanna* of the mishna **holds** that **there is also a prohibition** involved in the matter, such **that** it is **prohibited even** to **rattle dinars** before the buyer in order to persuade him to sell back the field.


###### Arakhin 29b:4
[Arakhin 29b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:4)

וְלָא מִיבַּעְיָא מוֹכֵר, דְּקָאֵי בַּעֲשֵׂה, דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּמִסְפַּר שְׁנֵי תְבוּאֹת יִמְכׇּר לָךְ״, אֶלָּא אֲפִילּוּ לוֹקֵחַ נָמֵי קָאֵי בַּעֲשֵׂה, דְּבָעֵינַן ״שָׁנִים תִּקְנֶה״, וְלֵיכָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues: **And it is not necessary** to state this with regard to the **seller, as he stands in** violation of **a positive mitzva, as it is written: “According to the number of years of the crops he shall sell to you”** (Leviticus 25:15), and the plural form “years” indicates a minimum of two years. **Rather, even** the **buyer stands in** violation of **a positive mitzva, as we require** the fulfillment of another mitzva from the same verse: “According to the number of **years** after the Jubilee Year **you shall buy** from your neighbor,” **and** if the buyer returns the field before the two years elapse, the mitzva **is not** fulfilled.


###### Arakhin 29b:5
[Arakhin 29b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:5)

אִיתְּמַר: הַמּוֹכֵר שָׂדֵהוּ בִּשְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל עַצְמָהּ, רַב אָמַר: מְכוּרָה וְיוֹצְאָה, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה כׇּל עִיקָּר. מַאי טַעְמָא דִּשְׁמוּאֵל? קַל וָחוֹמֶר, וּמָה מְכוּרָה כְּבָר יוֹצְאָה, שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁלֹּא תִּימָּכֵר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **It was stated:** With regard to **one who sells his field during the Jubilee Year itself, Rav says:** The field **is sold** in principle, but **it leaves** the buyer’s possession immediately, and his money is not refunded. **And Shmuel says: It is not sold at all.** The Gemara elaborates: **What is the reasoning of Shmuel?** Shmuel derives his opinion via **an *a fortiori*** inference. **And what,** if a field that was **already sold** before the Jubilee Year **leaves** the possession of the buyer in the Jubilee Year, **is it not logical that** a field **that was not** yet **sold is not sold** at all during the Jubilee Year?


###### Arakhin 29b:6
[Arakhin 29b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:6)

וּלְרַב, לָא אָמְרִינַן קַל וָחוֹמֶר כִּי הַאי גַוְונָא? וְהָתַנְיָא: יָכוֹל יִמְכּוֹר אָדָם אֶת בִּתּוֹ כְּשֶׁהִיא נַעֲרָה? אָמַרְתָּ קַל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה מְכוּרָה כְּבָר — יוֹצְאָה עַכְשָׁיו, שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה — אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁלֹּא תִּימָּכֵר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** according **to Rav, do we not say** that one may derive **an *a fortiori*** inference **in this way? But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: One **might** have thought that **a person may sell his daughter** as a maidservant **when she is a young woman. You** can **say** the following ***a fortiori*** inference to reject such a possibility: **And what,** if a daughter who was **already sold, now leaves** her master upon becoming a young woman, **is it not logical that** a daughter **who was not sold is not** capable of being **sold** once she becomes a young woman? Evidently, one may derive this type of an *a fortiori* inference. Why, then, does Rav disagree with Shmuel?


###### Arakhin 29b:7
[Arakhin 29b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:7)

הָתָם לָא הָדְרָא מִיזְדַּבְּנָא, הָכָא הָדְרָא מִיזְדַּבְּנָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers that the cases are not comparable. **There,** with regard to a maidservant, once she becomes a young woman **she is not** ever **sold again. Here,** the field that is returned to the seller in the Jubilee Year **may** later **be sold again.** Rav therefore maintains that one may not derive the aforementioned *a fortiori* inference.


###### Arakhin 29b:8
[Arakhin 29b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:8)

מֵיתִיבִי: ״אַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל שָׁנִים תִּקְנֶה״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמּוֹכְרִין סָמוּךְ לַיּוֹבֵל, מוּפְלָג מִן הַיּוֹבֵל מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לְפִי רֹב הַשָּׁנִים... וּלְפִי מְעוֹט הַשָּׁנִים״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** to Rav’s opinion from a *baraita*: The verse states: “According to the number of **years after the Jubilee you shall buy** from your neighbor” (Leviticus 25:15). The term: After the Jubilee, **teaches that** a field **may be sold** in the year **adjacent to the Jubilee** Year. **From where** is it derived that a field may be sold in a year that is **separated from the Jubilee** Year? **The verse states: “According to the multitude of the years** you shall increase the price thereof, **and according to the fewness of the years** you shall diminish the price of it” (Leviticus 25:16). The verse teaches that one may sell a field even after several years have elapsed since the last Jubilee Year.


###### Arakhin 29b:9
[Arakhin 29b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:9)

וּבִשְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל עַצְמָהּ לֹא יִמְכּוֹר, וְאִם מָכַר — אֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה! אָמַר לְךָ רַב: אֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה לְמִסְפַּר שְׁנֵי תְבוּאוֹת, אֲבָל מְכוּרָה הִיא וְיוֹצְאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And in the Jubilee Year itself one may not sell** his field, **and if one sold** it, **it is not sold.** This *baraita* clearly seems to contradict the opinion of Rav. The Gemara responds: **Rav** could **say to you:** The *baraita* means that the field **is not sold for the number of years of the crops,** i.e., it does not remain in the buyer’s possession for a minimum of two years, **rather it is sold** in principle, **and** then immediately **leaves** the buyer’s possession.


###### Arakhin 29b:10
[Arakhin 29b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:10)

וְאִי אִיזְדַּבּוֹנֵי מִיזְדַּבְּנָה, תֵּיקוּם בִּרְשׁוּתֵיהּ עַד בָּתַר יוֹבֵל, וּבָתַר יוֹבֵל נֵיכְלַיהּ שְׁנֵי תְבוּאוֹת וְנַיהְדְּרַהּ! מִי לָא תַּנְיָא: אֲכָלָהּ שָׁנָה אַחַת לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל — מַשְׁלִימִין לוֹ שָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת אַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל? הָתָם נָחֵית לַאֲכִילָה, הָכָא לָא נָחֵית לַאֲכִילָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: **But if** the field **is indeed sold, let it stand in** the buyer’s **possession until after** the **Jubilee** Year, **and after** the **Jubilee** Year **let him consume** the field’s produce for two **years of crops, and** only then **return** the field. **Isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: If the buyer **consumed** the field’s produce for **one year before the Jubilee** Year, **he completes another year after the Jubilee** Year? The Gemara explains: The cases are not comparable. **There,** the buyer already **entered** the field in order **to consume** the produce, and therefore he completes the minimum of two years. **Here,** the buyer **did not enter** the field **to consume** the produce at all, as ownership of the field immediately reverts to the seller.


###### Arakhin 29b:11
[Arakhin 29b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:11)

אָמַר רַב עָנָן: שְׁמַעִית מִינֵּיהּ דְּמָר שְׁמוּאֵל תַּרְתֵּי, חֲדָא הָךְ, וְאִידַּךְ הַמּוֹכֵר עַבְדּוֹ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יָצָא לְחֵירוּת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Anan says: I learned two** *halakhot* **from Master Shmuel. One** was **this** *halakha*, that if one sells his field during the Jubilee Year the sale is ineffective. **And the other** *halakha* concerned **one who sells his** Canaanite **slave to gentiles, or to** a Jew who resides **outside of Eretz** Yisrael, that the slave **is emancipated.** A Canaanite slave is partially obligated in the fulfillment of mitzvot. By selling him to a gentile, one prevents him from fulfilling the mitzvot, and by selling him to one who dwells outside of Eretz Yisrael, one prevents him from fulfilling the mitzva of dwelling in Eretz Yisrael. The Sages therefore decreed that the Jewish master must write the slave a bill of manumission after the sale, so that if he runs away from his gentile master, he would not reenter servitude under the Jewish master.


###### Arakhin 29b:12
[Arakhin 29b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:12)

חֲדָא הָדְרִי זְבִינֵי, וַחֲדָא לָא הָדְרִי זְבִינֵי, וְלָא יָדַעְנָא הֵי (מיניה) [מִינַּיְהוּ].

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Anan continues: With regard to **one** of these *halakhot*, Shmuel said that **the sale is retracted** and the money is refunded, **and** with regard to **one** of them, he said that **the sale is not retracted** and the buyer loses his money. **But I do not know** in **which of** the cases the sale is retracted and in which case it is not.


###### Arakhin 29b:13
[Arakhin 29b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Arakhin/r/29b:13)

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: נִיחְזֵי אֲנַן, מִדְּתַנְיָא בְּבָרַיְיתָא: הַמּוֹכֵר עַבְדּוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יָצָא לְחֵירוּת, וְצָרִיךְ גֵּט שִׁיחְרוּר מֵרַבּוֹ שֵׁנִי. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ, מִדְּקָרֵי לֵיהּ לִשְׁנֵי ״רַבּוֹ״, אַלְמָא לָא הָדְרִי זְבִינֵי, וְכִי קָאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל הָכָא: אֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה וּמָעוֹת חוֹזְרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef said: Let us see** if it is possible to resolve Rav Anan’s dilemma. It may be resolved **from that which is taught in a *baraita*:** In the case of **one who sells his slave to** a Jew **outside of Eretz** Yisrael, the slave **is emancipated but** nevertheless **requires a bill of manumission from his second master. Conclude from** the *baraita* as follows: **Since** the *baraita* **calls the second** owner the slave’s **master,** and requires him to emancipate the slave, **evidently the sale is not retracted,** and the buyer loses his money. **And** therefore, **when Shmuel says here** that the field **is not sold** during the Jubilee Year, he means that the sale does not take effect **and the money is returned** to the buyer.