## Avodah Zarah Daf 31a

###### Avodah Zarah 31a:1
[Avodah Zarah 31a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:1)

סְתָם יֵינָם — אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה, וּמְטַמֵּא טוּמְאַת מַשְׁקִין בִּרְבִיעִית. הַמַּפְקִיד יֵינוֹ אֵצֶל גּוֹי — אָסוּר בִּשְׁתִיָּה, וּמוּתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It is **prohibited to** derive **benefit from nondescript wine** of a gentile, **and** the wine **imparts the ritual impurity of liquids when** it has the volume of **one-quarter** of a *log*. With regard to the wine of **one who deposits his wine with a gentile,** one is **prohibited from drinking** it, **but** one is **permitted to** derive **benefit** from it.


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:2
[Avodah Zarah 31a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:2)

וְהָתְנַן: הַמַּפְקִיד פֵּירוֹתָיו אֵצֶל גּוֹי, הֲרֵי הֵן כְּפֵירוֹתָיו שֶׁל גּוֹי לִשְׁבִיעִית וּלְמַעֲשֵׂר! כְּגוֹן שֶׁיִּיחֵד לוֹ קֶרֶן זָוִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But didn’t we learn** in a mishna (*Bekhorot* 11b): With regard to **one who deposits his produce with a gentile,** it has the status **of the produce of a gentile** with regard **to** the *halakhot* of the **Sabbatical** Year **and** with regard **to tithe,** as the gentile might have exchanged the Jew’s produce with untithed produce or produce of the Sabbatical Year. According to this logic, wine deposited with a gentile should be entirely prohibited, due to the concern that the gentile exchanged it with his own. The Gemara answers: It is permitted for one to derive benefit from the wine in a case **where** the gentile **designated a corner for** the Jew’s wine, i.e., if the wine was locked away in a specific place to which only a Jew has access.


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:3
[Avodah Zarah 31a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:3)

אִי הָכִי, בִּשְׁתִיָּה נָמֵי לִישְׁתְּרֵי! דְּהָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אִקְּלַע לְפָרוֹד, אָמַר: כְּלוּם יֵשׁ מִשְׁנַת בַּר קַפָּרָא? תְּנָא לֵיהּ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּם דְּמִן פָּרוֹד: הַמַּפְקִיד יֵינוֹ אֵצֶל גּוֹי — מוּתָּר בִּשְׁתִיָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this: **If that is so, drinking** from the wine should **also be permitted. As Rabbi Yoḥanan** once **happened** to come **to Parod,** where the deceased *tanna* bar Kappara had lived. When he arrived, **he said: Is there any Mishna of bar Kappara** here? In response, **Rabbi Tanḥum of Parod taught him** the following *baraita*, citing bar Kappara: With regard to **one who deposits his wine with a gentile, drinking** from the wine **is permitted.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:4
[Avodah Zarah 31a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:4)

קָרֵי עֲלֵיהּ ״מְקוֹם שֶׁיִּפּוֹל הָעֵץ שָׁם יְהוּ״, ״שָׁם יְהוּ״ סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ? אֶלָּא שָׁם יְהוּ פֵּירוֹתָיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Upon hearing this, Rabbi Yoḥanan **read** the following verse **about him: “Where the tree falls, there it shall be”** (Ecclesiastes 11:3). Does it **enter your mind** that this means that the tree itself **will be there?** It is obvious that a fallen tree lands where it falls. **Rather,** the verse is saying: **There its fruits shall be.** The verse is a metaphor for a Sage, and its fruits represent his disciples. Rabbi Yoḥanan was intimating that although bar Kappara may have died, Rabbi Tanḥum, his disciple, perpetuates his wisdom.


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:5
[Avodah Zarah 31a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:5)

אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: לָא קַשְׁיָא — הָא רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, הָא רַבָּנַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In any event, it is apparent from the *baraita* quoted by Rabbi Tanḥum that there is a case in which it is permitted to drink wine deposited with a gentile. This contradicts the statement of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira. **Rabbi Zeira said** that it is **not difficult. This** *baraita*, which permits drinking wine deposited with a gentile, is in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer,** whereas **that** statement of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira is in accordance with the opinion of **the Rabbis.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:6
[Avodah Zarah 31a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:6)

דְּתַנְיָא: אֶחָד הַלּוֹקֵחַ וְאֶחָד הַשּׂוֹכֵר בַּיִת בַּחֲצֵירוֹ שֶׁל גּוֹי, וּמִלְּאוּהוּ יַיִן, וּמַפְתֵּחַ אוֹ חוֹתָם בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל — רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Zeira elaborates: **As it is taught** in a *baraita*: With regard to **both one who purchases or one who rents a house** located **in a gentile’s courtyard, and they filled** the house with containers of **wine, and** the **key** to the house **or a seal is in the possession of a Jew,** so that the gentile cannot access the wine, in which case it is even more secure than when a corner is designated for the Jew’s wine, **Rabbi Eliezer permits** the wine, **and the Rabbis prohibit** it.


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:7
[Avodah Zarah 31a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:7)

אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר נַחְמָנִי, אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר רַב, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר זְעֵירִי, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: אֲמַר לִי אַבָּא בַּר חָמָא, הָכִי אָמַר זְעֵירִי: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ḥiyya, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Naḥmani, says** that **Rav Ḥisda says** that **Rav says, and some say** that **Rav Ḥisda says** that **Ze’eiri says, and some say** that **Rav Ḥisda says: Abba bar Ḥama said to me** that **this** is what **Ze’eiri said:** The ***halakha*** is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:8
[Avodah Zarah 31a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:8)

אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: הַכֹּל מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן שֶׁאֵין מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ יַיִן מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד. וְלָא פְּלִיגִי — הָא כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, הָא כְּרַבָּנַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Elazar says: All** substances are sufficiently **secured by one seal, except wine, which is not** sufficiently **secured by one seal. And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Even wine is secured by one seal. And they do not disagree** in their reasoning. Rather, **this** opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer,** and **that** opinion of Rabbi Elazar is **in accordance with** the opinion of **the Rabbis.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:9
[Avodah Zarah 31a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:9)

אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: הַכֹּל מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן שֶׁאֵין מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ יַיִן מִשְׁתַּמֵּר בְּחוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם. וְתַרְוַיְיהוּ כְּרַבָּנַן, מָר סָבַר: כִּי פְּלִיגִי רַבָּנַן עֲלֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד, אֲבָל בְּחוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם שָׁרוּ. וּמָר סָבַר: אֲפִילּוּ חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם אָסְרִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**There are** those **who say** that **Rabbi Elazar says: All** substances are **secured by a seal within a seal,** i.e., two seals, **except wine, which is not secured by a seal within a seal. And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Even wine is secured by a seal within a seal. And both** hold **in accordance with** the opinion of **the Rabbis:** One **Sage,** Rabbi Yoḥanan, **holds** that **when the Rabbis disagree with Rabbi Eliezer,** it is **with regard to one seal, but** in the case of **a seal within a seal,** they concede that there is no concern that the gentile might have opened it, and therefore **they permit** the wine. **And** one **Sage,** Rabbi Elazar, **holds** that **they prohibited even** wine that was secured by **a seal within a seal.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:10
[Avodah Zarah 31a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:10)

הֵיכִי דָּמֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם? אָמַר רָבָא: אַגָּנָא דְּפוּמָּא דְּחָבִיתָא שְׁרִיקָא וַחֲתִימָא — הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם, וְאִי לָא — לָא. דִּיקּוּלָא וּמִיהַדַּק — הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם, לָא מִיהַדַּק — לָא הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם. נוֹד בְּדִיסַקַּיָּא, חֲתִימַת פִּיו לְמַטָּה — הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם, פִּיו לְמַעְלָה — לָא הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם, וְכִי כַּיִיף פּוּמֵּיהּ לְגָיו וְצַיִיר וַחֲתִים — הָוֵי חוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ חוֹתָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is a seal within a seal like? Rava says: A basin** placed **over the mouth of a barrel** that is **smeared** with clay **and** stamped with **a seal is** considered **a seal within a seal. And if not,** it is **not** considered a seal within a seal. If **a basket** is placed over a barrel **and** is **fastened** to it, this **is a seal within a seal;** if it is **not fastened** to the barrel, **it is not a seal within a seal.** With regard to **a wineskin** that is placed **in a sack [*disakaya*],** if the wineskin’s **stopper is** facing **downward,** this **is a seal within a seal;** if **its stopper is** facing **upward,** this **is not a seal within a seal. And if he bends the** wineskin’s **bottleneck inward and ties** the sack **and seals** it, this **is** also considered **a seal within a seal.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:11
[Avodah Zarah 31a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:11)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: יַיִן שֶׁל עֵין כּוּשִׁי אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי בִּירַת סְרִיקָא, וְשֶׁל בַּרְקָתָא אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי כְּפַר פַּרְשַׁאי, וְשֶׁל זַגְדוֹר אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי כְּפַר שָׁלֵים. חָזְרוּ לוֹמַר: חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, סְתוּמוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught: At first,** the Sages **would say** that **wine from** the Samaritan city of **Ein Kushi is prohibited, due to** the concern that it might have come into contact with the idolatrous inhabitants of **Birat Serika, and** similarly the wine **of Barkata is prohibited due to** the idolatrous inhabitants of **the village of Parshai, and** the wine **of Zagdor is prohibited due to the village of Shaleim.** Subsequently, **they retracted** and began **saying: Open barrels are prohibited** but **sealed** barrels **are permitted.**


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:12
[Avodah Zarah 31a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:12)

מֵעִיקָּרָא מַאי סְבוּר, וּלְבַסּוֹף מַאי סְבוּר? מֵעִיקָּרָא סְבוּר: אֵין כּוּתִי מַקְפִּיד עַל מַגַּע גּוֹי, לָא שְׁנָא פְּתוּחוֹת וְלָא שְׁנָא סְתוּמוֹת. וּלְבַסּוֹף סְבוּר: כִּי לָא קָפֵיד אַפְּתוּחוֹת, אַסְּתוּמוֹת מִקְפָּיד קָפֵיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What** did they **reason initially, and what** did they **reason ultimately?** The Gemara answers: **Initially** they **reasoned: A Samaritan is not particular about the touch of** an idolatrous **gentile,** and **there is no difference** in this regard between **open** barrels **and sealed** barrels. **And ultimately** they **reasoned: When** Samaritans **are not particular** about a gentile’s touch, this is only **with regard to open** barrels, but **with regard to sealed** barrels, **they are particular.** Since Samaritans ensure that gentiles do not handle sealed barrels of wine, this wine is permitted.


###### Avodah Zarah 31a:13
[Avodah Zarah 31a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/31a:13)

וּסְתוּמוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת? וּרְמִינְהִי:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But are sealed** barrels **permitted? And** the Gemara **raises a contradiction** against this notion