## Avodah Zarah Daf 61b

###### Avodah Zarah 61b:1
[Avodah Zarah 61b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:1)

בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת — מוּתָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁמַּפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If a Jew dwells only **in another courtyard,** the wine is also **permitted, but this is** only **when** the Jew has the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine **in his possession,** as this prevents the gentile from gaining access to the wine.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:2
[Avodah Zarah 61b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:2)

הַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל גּוֹי בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל דָּר בְּאוֹתָהּ חָצֵר — מוּתָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁמַּפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְתַנָּא, תָּנֵי: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מַפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ — מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In the case of a Jew **who renders the wine of a gentile permitted,** and the wine is **in** the gentile’s **domain,** if another **Jew dwells in the same courtyard,** the wine is **permitted, but this is** only **when** the Jew has the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine **in his possession. Rabbi Yoḥanan said to the *tanna*** reciting the *baraita*: In this case you should **teach** that **even if** that Jew does **not** have **in his possession** the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine, the wine is **permitted.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:3
[Avodah Zarah 61b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:3)

בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת — אָסוּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמַּפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: If the second Jew dwells only **in another courtyard,** the wine is **prohibited, even when** that Jew has the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine **in his possession.** This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:4
[Avodah Zarah 61b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:4)

וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא שׁוֹמֵר יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מְמוּנֶּה הַבָּא לְקִיצִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Rabbis deem** the wine **prohibited, unless a watchman is sitting and safeguarding** the wine constantly, **or unless an appointed** person **comes** to safeguard the wine. This is referring to a watchman **who comes at set times.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:5
[Avodah Zarah 61b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:5)

חֲכָמִים אַהֵיָיא? אִילֵּימָא אַסֵּיפָא — תַּנָּא קַמָּא נָמֵי מֵיסָר קָא אָסַר! וְאֶלָּא אַרֵישָׁא דְּסֵיפָא, וְהָא קָאָמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְתַנָּא: תָּנֵי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מַפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **To which** case in the *baraita* are **the Rabbis** referring? **If we say** that they are referring **to the last clause,** this is difficult, as in that case **the first *tanna*,** Rabbi Meir, **also deems** the wine **prohibited. Rather,** perhaps they are referring **to the first clause of the last clause,** with regard to a case where a Jew renders a gentile’s wine permitted and another Jew dwells in the same courtyard. **But didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan say to the *tanna*** reciting the *baraita*: You should **teach** that **even if** the Jew does **not** have **in his possession** the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine, the wine is permitted? It may be assumed that Rabbi Yoḥanan does not disagree with the opinion of the Rabbis.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:6
[Avodah Zarah 61b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:6)

וְאֶלָּא, אַסֵּיפָא דְּרֵישָׁא, דְּקָאָמַר תַּנָּא קַמָּא: בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת מוּתָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁמַּפְתֵּחַ וְחוֹתָם בְּיָדוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: לְעוֹלָם אָסוּר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא שׁוֹמֵר יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מְמוּנֶּה הַבָּא לְקִיצִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** the Rabbis are referring **to the last clause of the first clause,** with regard to a Jew’s wine that was placed in a house in a gentile’s courtyard, **as the first *tanna* says:** If a Jew dwells only **in another courtyard,** the wine is **permitted, but this is** only **when** the Jew has **in his possession** the **key** to the house **or a seal** on the barrels of wine. **And the Rabbis say: It is always prohibited unless a watchman is sitting and safeguarding** the wine constantly, **or unless an appointed** person **comes** to safeguard the wine. This is referring to a watchman **who comes at set times.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:7
[Avodah Zarah 61b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:7)

מְמוּנֶּה בָּא לְקִיצִּין גְּרִיעוּתָא הוּא! אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מְמוּנֶּה שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא לְקִיצִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this ruling: If **an appointed** person **comes at set times, it is detrimental,** as the gentile knows when to expect the watchman, and he may do as he pleases the rest of the time. **Rather,** emend the *baraita* and teach that the wine is prohibited **unless an appointed** person **comes,** and this is referring to a watchman **who does not come at set times.** Rather, he comes whenever he chooses to do so.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:8
[Avodah Zarah 61b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:8)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא. אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר לְהָקֵל אוֹ לְהַחְמִיר? רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר זְעֵירִי: לְהָקֵל. רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר זְעֵירִי: לְהַחְמִיר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that if a Jew renders the wine of a gentile permitted and leaves the wine in the gentile’s domain, the wine is prohibited unless a Jew guards the wine. **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says:** The **domain of gentiles is** all **one. A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: Does **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar** come **to be lenient or to be stringent? Rav Yehuda** says that **Ze’eiri says:** Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar came **to be lenient. Rav Naḥman** says that **Ze’eiri says:** Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar came **to be stringent.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:9
[Avodah Zarah 61b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:9)

רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר זְעֵירִי לְהָקֵל, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר תַּנָּא קַמָּא: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁבִּרְשׁוּתוֹ אָסוּר, כָּךְ בִּרְשׁוּת גּוֹי אַחֵר נָמֵי אָסוּר, וְחָיְישִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **Rav Yehuda** says that **Ze’eiri says** that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar came **to be lenient, and** accordingly, **this** is what **the first *tanna* is saying: Just as** the wine is **prohibited when** it is left **in** the gentile owner’s **domain, so too** the wine is **prohibited** when it is left **in the domain of another gentile,** as the bailee might allow the owner to touch the wine. **And we are concerned** that they might be **in collusion** and the bailee will not reveal that the gentile owner touched the wine, as the owner reciprocates on other occasions.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:10
[Avodah Zarah 61b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:10)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, אֲבָל בִּרְשׁוּת גּוֹי אַחֵר — מוּתָּר, וְלָא חָיְישִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says** that not all the domains of gentiles are considered as one. **In what** case **is this statement** that the wine is prohibited **said?** This applies only when the wine is left **in** the gentile owner’s **domain. But** when it is left **in the domain of another gentile** the wine is **permitted,** as the gentile refrains from touching the wine when it is in the domain of another gentile, as his actions might become known. **And we are not concerned** that the two gentiles might be **in collusion.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:11
[Avodah Zarah 61b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:11)

רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר זְעֵירִי לְהַחְמִיר, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר תַּנָּא קַמָּא: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, אֲבָל בִּרְשׁוּת גּוֹי אַחֵר — מוּתָּר, וְלָא חָיְישִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: כֹּל רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains the other opinion. **Rav Naḥman** says that **Ze’eiri says:** Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar came **to be stringent, and** accordingly, **this** is what **the first *tanna* is saying: In what** case **is this statement** that the wine is prohibited **said?** This applies only when the wine is left **in** the gentile owner’s **domain. But** when it is left **in the domain of another gentile** the wine is **permitted,** as the gentile refrains from touching the wine when it is in the domain of another gentile, **and we are not concerned** that the two gentiles might be **in collusion.** Conversely, **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says:** The **domain of gentiles is all one,** and the wine is prohibited, as it is possible that the gentile bailee is in collusion with the owner.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:12
[Avodah Zarah 61b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:12)

תַּנְיָא כְּוָותֵיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר זְעֵירִי לְהַחְמִיר: אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר: כׇּל רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא מִפְּנֵי הָרַמָּאִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It is taught** in a *baraita* **in accordance with** the opinion **of Rav Naḥman,** who says that **Ze’eiri says** that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar came **to be stringent: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar said:** The **domain of gentiles is all one, due to the swindlers.** This indicates that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar is presenting a more stringent opinion.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:13
[Avodah Zarah 61b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:13)

דְּבֵי פַּרְזַק רוּפִילָא אוֹתִיבוּ חַמְרָא גַּבֵּי אֲרִיסַיְיהוּ, סְבוּר רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא לְמֵימַר: כִּי חָיְישִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִין — הָנֵי מִילֵּי הֵיכָא דְּקָא מוֹתֵיב הַאי גַּבֵּי הַאי, אֲבָל הָכָא, כֵּיוָן דַּאֲרִיסֵיהּ לָאו דַּרְכֵּיהּ לְאוֹתוֹבֵיהּ בֵּי פַּרְזַק רוּפִילָא — לְגוֹמְלִין לָא חָיְישִׁינַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that men **from the house of Parzak the vizier placed wine** that had been rendered permitted by Jews who had not yet paid for it **in** the domain of **their** gentile **sharecroppers. The Rabbis** who were studying **before Rava thought to say: When are we concerned** that two gentiles might be **in collusion? This matter** applies only in a case **where this** gentile **places** items **in** the domain of **that** gentile, and vice versa. **But here, since** the vizier’s **sharecroppers are not accustomed to place** items in **the house of Parzak the vizier, we are not concerned** that two gentiles might be **in collusion.**


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:14
[Avodah Zarah 61b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:14)

אֲמַר לְהוּ רָבָא: אַדְּרַבָּה, אֲפִילּוּ לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לָא חָיְישִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִין, הָנֵי מִילֵּי הֵיכָא דְּלָא מִירְתַת מִינֵּיהּ, אֲבָל הָכָא, כֵּיוָן דְּמִירְתַת מִינֵּיהּ — מְחַפֵּי עֲלֵיהּ זְכוּתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said to** the Rabbis: **On the contrary, even according to the one who says** that **we are not concerned** that two gentiles might be **in collusion, that statement** applies only **where** the other gentile **is not afraid of** the wine’s owner. **But here, since** the sharecropper is **afraid of** the vizier, **he covers up for him** and testifies on his **behalf** that he did not touch the wine.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:15
[Avodah Zarah 61b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:15)

הָהוּא כַּרְכָא דַּהֲוָה יָתֵיב בֵּיהּ חַמְרָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, אִשְׁתְּכַח גּוֹי דַּהֲוָה קָאֵי בֵּינֵי דַּנֵּי. אָמַר רָבָא: אִם נִתְפָּס עָלָיו כְּגַנָּב — חַמְרָא שְׁרֵי, וְאִי לָא — אָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
There was **a certain city in which a Jew’s wine was placed. A gentile was found standing among the barrels** of wine. **Rava said: If** the gentile **can be caught as a thief** if he touches the wine, the **wine is permitted.** Since he is afraid of being caught he does not have the presence of mind to offer the wine as a libation. **But if not,** it is **prohibited** even to derive benefit from the wine, as it is assumed that the gentile certainly touched it and offered it as a libation.


###### Avodah Zarah 61b:16
[Avodah Zarah 61b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/61b:16)

**הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל.**