## Avodah Zarah Daf 75b

###### Avodah Zarah 75b:1
[Avodah Zarah 75b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:1)

דְּצַבְתָּא — לְנַגְּבָן, דְּכִיתָּנָא — מְיַשְּׁנָן, וְאִי אִית בְּהוּ קִיטְרֵי — שָׁרֵי לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to those that are plaited **from *tzavta*,** one must **cleanse them** with ashes and water. With regard to those that are plaited **from flax,** one must **leave them dormant. And if they have knots,** one must **undo them.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:2
[Avodah Zarah 75b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:2)

אִיתְּמַר: עַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁהוֹשִׁיט יָדוֹ לַגַּת וְנָגַע בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, רַבִּי וְרַבִּי חִיָּיא — חַד אָמַר: אֶשְׁכּוֹל וְכׇל סְבִיבוֹתָיו טְמֵאִין, וְכׇל הַגַּת כּוּלָּהּ טְהוֹרָה; וְחַד אָמַר: כׇּל הַגַּת כּוּלָּהּ נָמֵי טְמֵאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara discusses another aspect of the purity of a winepress. It **was stated:** In the case of **one who is unreliable with regard to ritual impurity [*am ha’aretz*] who reached his hand into the winepress and touched** grape **clusters** that were lying in the wine, **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **and Rabbi Ḥiyya** disagree. **One says** that **the cluster** he touched **and all its surroundings are** rendered **impure, but** the rest of **the entire winepress is pure, and one says** that the rest of **the entire winepress is also** rendered **impure,** as the entire winepress is considered connected due to the wine in it.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:3
[Avodah Zarah 75b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:3)

וּלְמַאן דְּאָמַר: אֶשְׁכּוֹל וְכׇל סְבִיבוֹתָיו טְמֵאִים, וְכׇל הַגַּת כּוּלָּהּ טְהוֹרָה, מַאי שְׁנָא מֵהָא דִּתְנַן: שֶׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָּרֵחַיִם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ, וְאִם הָיָה מַשְׁקִין מְהַלֵּךְ — הַכֹּל טָמֵא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And according to the one who says** that **the cluster and all its surroundings are impure but** the rest of **the entire winepress is pure,** in **what** way **is** this case **different from that which we learned** in a mishna (*Teharot* 9:8): The carcass of **a creeping animal that was found in** an oil **press transmits impurity to the place it touched alone, but if there was liquid flowing** in the mill, **it is all** rendered **impure?** Why is it not the *halakha* in the case of the winepress as well that the entire winepress is impure due to the liquid in it?


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:4
[Avodah Zarah 75b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:4)

הָתָם לָא מַפְסֵק וְלָא מִידֵּי, הָכָא מַפְסְקִי אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **There,** in the case of the oil press, **there is nothing that interrupts** the flow of the liquid, and therefore the liquid connects everything to render it impure. **Here, the clusters** of grapes **interrupt** the flow of the wine, and so there is no uninterrupted connection between all of the wine in the winepress.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:5
[Avodah Zarah 75b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:5)

אוֹרוֹ לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן לְרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ לִבְרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה, כְּדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר: אֶשְׁכּוֹל וְכׇל סְבִיבוֹתָיו טְמֵאִין, וְכׇל הַגַּת כּוּלָּהּ טְהוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught Rabbi Yirmeya, and some say** they taught **the son of Rabbi Yirmeya, in accordance with the statement of the one who says: The cluster and all its surroundings are impure, but the entire winepress is pure.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:6
[Avodah Zarah 75b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:6)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישׁ מִן הַגּוֹיִם, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַטְבִּיל — יַטְבִּיל, לְהַגְעִיל — יַגְעִיל, לְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר — יְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר. הַשַּׁפּוּד וְהָאַסְכָּלָא — מְלַבְּנָן בָּאוּר, הַסַּכִּין — שָׁפָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One who purchases** cooking **utensils from the gentiles** must prepare them for use by Jews in the following manner: With regard to **those** utensils **whose manner** of preparation **is to immerse** them in a ritual bath, as they require no further preparation, **he must immerse** them accordingly. With regard to those utensils whose manner of preparation is **to purge** them with boiling water, as those utensils are used with boiling water, e.g., pots, **he must purge** them accordingly. With regard to those whose manner of preparation is **to heat until white-hot in the fire,** as they are used for grilling, **he must heat** them **until white-hot in the fire.** Therefore, with regard to **the spit [*hashappud*] and the grill [*veha’askela*], he must heat them until white-hot in the fire.** With regard to **the knife, he must polish it and it is** rendered **pure.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:7
[Avodah Zarah 75b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:7)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנָא: וְכוּלָּן צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה בְּאַרְבָּעִים סְאָה. מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רָבָא, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״כׇּל דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ תַּעֲבִירוּ בָאֵשׁ וְטָהֵר״, הוֹסִיף לְךָ הַכָּתוּב טׇהֳרָה אַחֶרֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Sages **taught: And they all require immersion in forty *se’a*** of water, including utensils that must first be purged in boiling water or heated until white-hot. The Gemara asks: **From where is this matter** derived? **Rava says:** It is derived from **that which the verse states** with regard to utensils captured in the battle against the Midianites: **“Anything that may tolerate the fire, you shall make to go through the fire, and it shall be pure”** (Numbers 31:23). By stating: “And it shall be pure,” **the verse added to** the process **another** required act of **purification** in addition to heating the utensil with fire, which is understood to be immersion.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:8
[Avodah Zarah 75b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:8)

תָּנֵי בַּר קַפָּרָא: מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״בְּמֵי נִדָּה״, שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ הַזָּאָה שְׁלִישִׁי וּשְׁבִיעִי, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״אַךְ״ — חָלַק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Bar Kappara teaches** an additional source for this *halakha*: **From that** which **is stated** in the continuation of the verse: “Nevertheless it shall be purified **with the water of sprinkling [*nidda*],” I** would **derive that** the utensils **require sprinkling** of purification water on the **third and** the **seventh** day of their purification process, as is the *halakha* in the case of one who is impure with impurity imparted by a corpse. Therefore, **the verse states “nevertheless,”** indicating that the Torah **makes a distinction** in this case, and that sprinkling on the third and seventh day are not required.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:9
[Avodah Zarah 75b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:9)

אִם כֵּן, מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״בְּמֵי נִדָּה״? מַיִם שֶׁנִּדָּה טוֹבֶלֶת בָּהֶן, הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר: אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**If** that is **so, what** is the meaning when **the verse states: “With the water of sprinkling [*nidda*]”?** Clearly, the term *nidda* is referring not to sprinkling but to a menstruating woman, who is also called a *nidda*. Accordingly, the verse means that the utensils must be immersed in **water in which a menstruating woman can immerse** in order to become pure; and **you must say** that this is referring to a ritual bath that contains **forty *se’a*** of water.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:10
[Avodah Zarah 75b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:10)

אִיצְטְרִיךְ לְמִיכְתַּב ״וְטָהֵר״, וְאִיצְטְרִיךְ לְמִיכְתַּב ״בְּמֵי נִדָּה״. אִי כְּתַב ״וְטָהֵר״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא ״וְטָהֵר״ כֹּל דְּהוּ, כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בְּמֵי נִדָּה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains that both sources for this *halakha* are necessary: It **was necessary** for the Torah **to write “and it shall be pure,” and** it **was necessary** for the Torah **to write “with the water of sprinkling,”** because **if** the Torah **had written** only **“and it shall be pure,” I would say** that the verse means: **“And it shall be pure”** by immersion in **any amount** of water. Therefore **the Merciful One writes: “With the water of sprinkling.”**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:11
[Avodah Zarah 75b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:11)

וְאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא בְּמֵי נִדָּה, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא הֶעֱרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּנִדָּה, כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״וְטָהֵר״ לְאַלְתַּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if the Merciful One had written** only **“with the water of sprinkling,” I would say** that the process requires **the setting of the sun, as** is the *halakha* with regard to **a menstruating woman,** whose immersion renders her pure only after sunset. Therefore, **the Merciful One writes: “And it shall be pure,”** indicating that the utensils can be purified **immediately.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:12
[Avodah Zarah 75b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:12)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: אֲפִילּוּ כֵּלִים חֲדָשִׁים בַּמַּשְׁמָע, דְּהָא יְשָׁנִים וְלִיבְּנָן כַּחֲדָשִׁים דָּמוּ, וַאֲפִילּוּ הָכִי בָּעֵי טְבִילָה. מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: אִי הָכִי, אֲפִילּוּ זוּזָא דְּסַרְבָּלָא נָמֵי! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: כְּלֵי סְעוּדָה אֲמוּרִין בַּפָּרָשָׁה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Naḥman says** that **Rabba bar Avuh says: Even new utensils** that were never used that are bought from gentiles **are meant** to be included in the requirement of immersion, **as old** utensils **that one heated until white-hot are similar to new** utensils, as they do not contain the flavor of non-kosher food, **and nevertheless they require immersion. Rav Sheshet objects to this: If so,** then **even scissors for cutting clothing [*zuza desarbela*]** should require immersion as well. Rav Naḥman **said to him:** Only **utensils** used in the preparation **of meals are mentioned in the passage** in the Torah, and only those require immersion.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:13
[Avodah Zarah 75b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:13)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בִּלְקוּחִין, וּכְמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה, אֲבָל שְׁאוּלִין — לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman says** that **Rabba bar Avuh says:** The Sages **taught** this **only with regard to** utensils that were **purchased** from gentiles **and** are therefore **comparable to** the utensils mentioned in the **incident that was** related in the passage; **but** the requirement does **not** apply to **borrowed** utensils.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:14
[Avodah Zarah 75b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:14)

רַב יִצְחָק בַּר יוֹסֵף זְבַן מָנָא דְּמַרְדָּא מִגּוֹי, סְבַר לְהַטְבִּילָהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ הָהוּא מֵרַבָּנַן וְרַבִּי יַעֲקֹב שְׁמֵיהּ: לְדִידִי מִפָּרְשָׁא לֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת אֲמוּרִין בַּפָּרָשָׁה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yitzḥak bar Yosef bought a utensil of *marda*,** a mixture of earth and dung, **from a gentile. He thought** he was required **to immerse it. One of the Sages, and Rabbi Ya’akov was his name, said to him: It was explained to me** personally **by Rabbi Yoḥanan** himself that this requirement applies to **metal utensils** alone, as those are the utensils **mentioned in the passage.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:15
[Avodah Zarah 75b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:15)

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: הָנֵי כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, הוֹאִיל וְכִי נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ יֵשׁ לָהֶן תַּקָּנָה, כִּכְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת דָּמוּ. קוּנְיָא, פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַב אַחָא וְרָבִינָא, חַד אָמַר: כִּתְחִלָּתוֹ, וְחַד אָמַר: כְּסוֹפוֹ, וְהִלְכְתָא כְּסוֹפוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi says:** With regard to **those glass utensils, since when broken they can be fixed,** i.e., remade, if one melts them down and fashions the material into new utensils, **they are similar to metal utensils** and also require immersion. **With regard to** lead-**glazed** earthenware utensils, **Rav Aḥa and Ravina disagree. One says:** The *halakha* is **in accordance with its initial** state; since it was initially an earthenware utensil, it does not require immersion. **And one says:** The *halakha* is **in accordance with its ultimate** state; since it is coated with metal, it requires immersion. The Gemara concludes: **And the *halakha* is in accordance with its ultimate** state.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:16
[Avodah Zarah 75b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:16)

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: מַשְׁכַּנְתָּא מַאי? אָמַר מָר בַּר רַב אָשֵׁי: אַבָּא מַשְׁכֵּן לֵיהּ גּוֹי כָּסָא דְּכַסְפָּא, וְאַטְבְּלֵיהּ וְאִישְׁתִּי בֵּיהּ, וְלָא יָדַעְנָא אִי מִשּׁוּם דְקָסָבַר מַשְׁכַּנְתָּא כִּזְבִינֵי דָּמְיָא, אִי מִשּׁוּם דְּחָזֵי לְגוֹי דְּדַעְתֵּיהּ לְשַׁקּוֹעֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: If a Jew is holding a gentile’s utensil as **collateral, what** is the *halakha*? Is he required to immerse it or not? **Mar bar Rav Ashi said: A gentile** once **gave my father a silver goblet as collateral, and he immersed it and drank from it. But I do not know whether** this was **because he maintained** that possessing a utensil as **collateral is considered like a purchase, or because he saw that the gentile’s intention was to leave it** with him, and therefore he considered it as his own.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:17
[Avodah Zarah 75b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:17)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישׁ מִן הַגּוֹיִם, דְּבָרִים שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן — מַטְבִּילָן וְהֵן טְהוֹרִין. דְּבָרִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עַל יְדֵי צוֹנֵן, כְּגוֹן כּוֹסוֹת וְקִתּוֹנִיּוֹת וּצְלוֹחִיּוֹת — מַדִּיחָן וּמַטְבִּילָן וְהֵם טְהוֹרִין. דְּבָרִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עַל יְדֵי חַמִּין, כְּגוֹן הַיּוֹרוֹת הַקּוּמְקְמוֹסִין וּמְחַמֵּי חַמִּין — מַגְעִילָן וּמַטְבִּילָן וְהֵן טְהוֹרִין. דְּבָרִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עַל יְדֵי הָאוּר, כְּגוֹן הַשַּׁפּוּדִין וְהָאַסְכְּלָאוֹת — מְלַבְּנָן וּמַטְבִּילָן וְהֵן טְהוֹרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught: One who purchases utensils from the gentiles** must prepare them for use in the following manner: With regard to **items that** the gentile **did not use, one immerses them, and they are pure.** With regard to **items that** the gentile **used for cold** food or drink, **such as cups and jugs and flasks, one rinses them and immerses them, and they are pure.** With regard to **items that** the gentile **used for hot** food or drink, **such as** large **pots,** small **kettles [*hakumkamusun*], and samovars, one purges them** with boiling water **and immerses them, and they are pure.** With regard to **items that** the gentile **used with fire, such as spits and grills, one heats them until white-hot and immerses them, and they are pure.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:18
[Avodah Zarah 75b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:18)

וְכוּלָּן שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַטְבִּיל וְשֶׁלֹּא יַגְעִיל וְשֶׁלֹּא יְלַבֵּן, תָּנֵי חֲדָא: אָסוּר, וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ: מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** with regard to **all** utensils **that one used before immersing and purging and heating** them **until white-hot, it is taught** in **one** *baraita* that the food prepared with them is **forbidden, and it is taught** in **another** *baraita* that the food prepared with them is **permitted.**


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:19
[Avodah Zarah 75b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:19)

לָא קַשְׁיָא, הָא כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר: נוֹתֵן טַעַם לִפְגָם — אָסוּר, הָא כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר: נוֹתֵן טַעַם לִפְגָם — מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: This contradiction is **not difficult. This** ruling, that the food prepared with such utensils is forbidden, **is according to the one who says** that if a forbidden substance **imparts flavor** to a permitted food **to** the **detriment** of the mixture, the permitted food is **forbidden. That** ruling, that the food prepared with such utensils is permitted, **is according to the one who says** that if a forbidden substance **imparts flavor** to a permitted food **to** the **detriment** of the mixture, it remains **permitted.** Here too, since the flavor of non-kosher food imparted by the utensil detracts from the flavor of the food, such food is permitted.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:20
[Avodah Zarah 75b:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:20)

וּלְמַאן דְּאָמַר: נוֹתֵן טַעַם לִפְגָם — מוּתָּר, גִּיעוּלֵי גוֹיִם דְּאָסַר רַחֲמָנָא הֵיכִי מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But according to the one who says** that that if a forbidden substance **imparts flavor** to a permitted food **to** the **detriment** of the mixture then the mixture is **permitted,** with regard to utensils of **gentiles** that require **purging, which the Merciful One renders forbidden** until they are purged, **how can you find these** circumstances when it is actually prohibited to use the utensils until they are purged? Since utensils impart a detrimental flavor to food that is cooked in them, there seems to be no reason not to use utensils of gentiles without purging them.


###### Avodah Zarah 75b:21
[Avodah Zarah 75b:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Avodah%20Zarah/r/75b:21)

אָמַר רַב חִיָּיא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב הוּנָא: לֹא אָסְרָה תּוֹרָה אֶלָּא קְדֵירָה

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ḥiyya, son of Rav Huna, says: The Torah renders forbidden only a pot**