## Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:1)

**לִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁל גּוֹיִם.** שֵׁם כִּנּוּי לִגְנַאי לְחַגֵּיהֶם וּלְמוֹעֲדֵיהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפני אידיהם של גוים – [the word אידיהם is] a byname of reproach for their holy days and festivals.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:2)

**לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת.** לִמְכֹּר וְלִקְנוֹת. מִשּׁוּם דְּאָזְלֵי וּמוֹדוּ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּיוֹם אֵידָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לשאת ולתת – to sell and to purchase. Because they go and praise idolatry on the day of their holidays.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:3)

**לְהַשְׁאִילָן.** בְּהֵמָה וְכֵלִים, מִידֵי דְהַדְרָא בְעֵינָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
להשאילן – cattle and utensils, things that return as they are.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:4)

**לְהַלְוֹתָם.** מָעוֹת. דְּלֹא הַדְרֵי בְעֵין, דְּמִלְוָה לְהוֹצָאָה נִתְּנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
להלוותם – [to lend them] money but it was not an adornment to the eye, for a loan is given [merely] for the expenditure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:5)

**לְפָרְעָן.** כְּשֶׁהֵן נִפְרָעִים אָזְלוּ וּמוֹדוּ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְיוֹם אֵידָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפורען – when they are collected, they go and give praise to idolatry on the day of their holidays.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:6)

**מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֵצֵר.** עַל מְעוֹתָיו שֶׁאֵינָם חוֹזְרִים לוֹ, וְלֹא אָזֵיל וּמוֹדֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפני שהוא מיצר – on his money which they do not restore to him, and he does not go and give praise [to idolatry].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:1:7)

**שָׂמֵחַ הוּא לְאַחַר זְמָן.** לְמָחָר בְּיוֹם אֵידוֹ, וְאָזֵיל וּמוֹדֶה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְדַוְקָא בְמִלְוָה בִשְׁטָר אָסוּר לְהִפָּרַע מֵהֶם, אֲבָל בְּמִלְוָה עַל פֶּה שָׁרֵי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְמַצִּיל מִיָּדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמח הוא לאחר זמן – on the morrow [after] his holiday, he goes and gives praise [to idolatry]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda, and specifically a loan [written in a] document is prohibited to collect from them, but an oral loan is permissible, because he is like saves it from their hands.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:2:1)

**לְאַחַר אֵידֵיהֶן מֻתָּר.** וְכֵן הֲלָכָה. וּבַגּוֹלָה שֶׁאֵין אָנוּ יְכוֹלִים לְהַעֲמִיד עַצְמֵנוּ מִלִּשָּׂא וְלִתֵּן עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁעִקַּר פַּרְנָסָתֵנוּ מֵהֶם, וְעוֹד מִשּׁוּם יִרְאָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא יוֹם אֵידָם בִּלְבָד. וְיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן הוּא יוֹם אֵידָם שֶׁל נוֹצְרִים לְפִיכָךְ אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִם הַנּוֹצְרִים בְּכָל יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן וְכֵן בְּכָל יוֹם אֵיד שֶׁלָּהֶם שֶׁעוֹשִׂים אוֹתוֹ כְּגוֹן נָטָ"ל וּפַשְׁקווֹ"ה אֲבָל שְׁאָר יְמֵי אֵידָם שֶׁעוֹשִׂים לְשֵׁם הַקְּדוֹשִׁים שֶׁלָּהֶם שֶׁאֵין תּוֹפְשִׂים בָּהֶם שֵׁם אֱלָהוּת מֻתָּר. וְהָאִידְנָא נַהוּג עָלְמָא הֶתֵּר אֲפִלּוּ בְכָל יוֹם אֵידָם, מִשּׁוּם דְּקִים לְהוּ לְרַבָּנָן בְּגַוַּיְהוּ דְּלֹא אָזְלֵי וּמוֹדוּ. [דְּכָל הָנֵי דְאִתַּסְרֵי בְזוֹ הַמַּסֶּכְתָּא מַיְרֵי בְעוֹבְדֵי אֱלִילִים וַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מַמָּשׁ]:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לאחר אידיהן מותר – And such is the Halakha. But in the Diaspora, where we are unable to contain ourselves from engaging in business with them, since the principal part of our sustenance is from them, and furthermore, because of fear, it is not prohibited [to do business with them] other than only on the day of their holy days alone. But nowadays, there is the general practice of permission [to engage in business interaction with them] even on the actual day of their festivals, because the Rabbis established regarding them that they do not go and praise [their deities]. [But those things that are forbidden in this Tractate speaks about idolatrous worship and actual idolatry].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:1)

**קָלֶנְדָּא.** שְׁמֹנָה יָמִים אַחַר תְּקוּפַת טֵבֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קלנדיא – eight days after the winter solstice [begins].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:2)

**סְטַרְנוּרָא.** שְׁמֹנָה יָמִים קֹדֶם הַתְּקוּפָה. לְפִי שֶׁרָאָה אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן יוֹם שֶׁהָיָה מִתְמַעֵט וְהוֹלֵךְ, אָמַר, אוֹי לִי שֶׁמָּא בִשְׁבִיל שֶׁסָּרַחְתִּי חוֹזֵר הָעוֹלָם לְתֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ, עָמַד וְיָשַׁב שְׁמֹנָה יָמִים בְּתַעֲנִית [וּבִתְפִלָּה], כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּפְלָה הַתְּקוּפָה וְרָאָה יוֹם שֶׁמַּאֲרִיךְ וְהוֹלֵךְ, אָמַר מִנְהָגוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם הוּא, עָמַד וְעָשָׂה שְׁמֹנָה יָמִים טוֹבִים. לְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת, עֲשָׂאָן לְאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ יָמִים טוֹבִים. הוּא קְבָעָם לַשָּׁמַיִם, וְהֵם קְבָעוּם לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
סטרנורא – eight days prior to the solstice; since the first man (i.e., Adam) saw that the [length of the] day was gradually getting shorter. He said: Woe is me, lest because I sinned, the world is returning to become “null and void.” He stood and sat for eight days in fasting (and in prayer), since from the time that the solstice occurred, and he (i.e., Adam) saw that the days are gradually lengthening, he said: it is the nature of the world. He stood and made an eight-day festival. In the following year, they made both of them holy days and he established them [in honor of] the heavens, and they were established for idolatrous worship.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:3)

**קְרָטֵסִים.** יוֹם תְּפִיסַת בּוֹ מַלְכוּת, וּקְבָעוּם יוֹם אֵיד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קרטסים – the day of taking hold of the kingship, and they established it as a holiday.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:4)

**גְּנֻסְיָא.** יוֹם שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין בּוֹ מֶלֶךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
גינוסיא – the day when they appoint the king.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:5)

**יוֹם הַלֵּידָה.** יוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַד בּוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יום הלידה – the day on which the king is born


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:6)

**שְׂרֵפָה.** שֶׁשָּׂרְפוּ עָלָיו כְּלֵי תַשְׁמִישׁוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁשּׂוֹרְפִין עַל הַמְּלָכִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שריפה – where they burn the utensils in the manner that they burn them for kings.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:7)

**יֶשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.** כְּלוֹמַר אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֵיד לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְכֵן מִשָּׁנָה לְשָׁנָה כָּל יְמֵי בְנוֹ. וְכָל הָנָךְ דְּחָשְׁבִינַן עַד הַשְׁתָּא, חֲשִׁיבֵי לְהוּ וַאֲסוּרִים שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים לִפְנֵיהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יש בה ע"ז – that is to say, that selfsame day they have a idolatrous holiday, and from year to year all the days of his son, and all these we consider until now, they value and it is forbidden [for us to interact with them] three days before [their festivals].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:8)

**אֲבָל יוֹם תִּגְלַחַת זְקָנוֹ.** שֶׁאֵינוֹ זְמַן הַקָּבוּעַ לָרַבִּים אֶלָּא כָּל אֶחָד כְּשֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ עוֹשֶׂה יוֹם אֵיד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל יום תגלחת זקנו – which is not a set time for the group, but each person, when he shaves makes that day a festival.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:9)

**וּבְלוֹרִיתוֹ.** שֶׁמַּנִּיחַ בְּלוֹרִית מֵאֲחוֹרָיו כָּל הַשָּׁנָה כֻּלָּהּ וְאֵינוֹ מְגַלְּחָהּ אֶלָּא מִשָּׁנָה לְשָׁנָה, וְיוֹם שֶׁמְּגַלְּחָהּ עוֹשֶׂה יוֹם אֵיד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובלוריתו – that he places his locks behind him all year long but does not sheer them other than on an annual basis, the day of his sheering he makes a holiday.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:3:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:3:10)

**וְיוֹם שֶׁעָלָה מִן הַיָּם.** וּמַקְרִיב זְבָחִים לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה עַל שֶׁנִּצּוֹל. בְּכָל הָנָךְ אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם וְלֹא לְפָנָיו, דְּלֹא חֲשִׁיבֵי כֻלֵּי הַאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויום שעלה מן הים – And he offers sacrifices to idolatry on account that he was saved. In all of these, it is not prohibited other than on that day and not beforehand, and they do not consider it all that much.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:1)

**עִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.** שֶׁיּוֹם אֵיד [יֵשׁ] לִבְנֵי הָעִיר הַיּוֹם לָעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבָּעִיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עיר שיש בה ע"ז – that the day of their festival the people of the city have a day for idolatrous worship who are in the city.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:2)

**חוּצָה לָהּ.** וַאֲפִלּוּ סָמוּךְ לָעִיר מְאֹד מֻתָּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִם הַיּוֹשְׁבִים חוּץ לָעִיר, שֶׁאֵין נִמְשָׁכִים אַחַר אוֹתָהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. שֶׁכֵּן מִנְהָגָם יוֹם אֵיד שֶׁל אֵלּוּ אֵינוֹ כְיוֹם אֵיד שֶׁל אֵלּוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוצה לה – and even very near the city, it is permissible to engage in business with those who dwell outside the city, for they are not drawn after that idolatry, and such is their practice. The day of their festival [of those in the city] Is not like the day of the festival [of those outside the city].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:3)

**מַהוּ לֵילֵךְ לְשָׁם.** בְּאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר בְּיוֹם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלָּהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מהו לילך שם – in the same city on the day of their idolatrous worship.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:4)

**בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ מְיֻחֶדֶת לְאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר.** שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ הַכְּבוּשָׁה מִכָּאן לְאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, מְיֻחֶדֶת לְאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר לְבַדָּהּ, אָסוּר לֵילֵךְ שָׁם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כִמְהַלֵּךְ שָׁם לַעֲבֹד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְאִם הָיָה דֶרֶךְ מַסְלוּל הוֹלֵךְ גַּם לְעִיר אַחֶרֶת, מֻתָּר, שֶׁהָרוֹאֶה אוֹמֵר לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר הוּא הוֹלֵךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בזמן שהדרך מיוחדת לאותה העיר – that the paved road from here to that city, is unique to that city alone, it is forbidden to go there, because it appears as one who is going there for idolatrous worship, and if there was a course of the road also goes to another city, it is permitted, for one who sees it states, “he is going to another place.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:5)

**הָיוּ בָהּ חֲנֻיּוֹת מְעֻטָּרוֹת.** וְסִימָן הוּא לָהֶם שֶׁאוֹתָם חֲנֻיּוֹת שֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, לִטֹּל הַכְּמָרִים מֵהֶם מֶכֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היו בה חנויות מעוטרות – and the sign for them is that those stores are idolatrous, to collect taxes from them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:4:6)

**וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת.** דִּבְאוֹתָם שֶׁאֵינָם מְעֻטָּרוֹת לֹא שָׁקְלֵי מִנֵּיהּ מֶכֶס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְלֹא מָטֵי לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הֲנָאָה מִנַּיְהוּ. וּלְמִזְבַּן מִנַּיְהוּ דָבָר הַמִּתְקַיֵּם, שָׁרֵי בְיוֹם אֵידָם, שֶׁסְּתָמוֹ הַמּוֹכֵר עָצֵב וְלֹא אָזֵיל וּמוֹדֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושאינן מעוטרות מותרות – and those which are not wreathed, they don’t take taxes from him for idolatry, and they don’t bring to the idolatry any benefit from them, and to purchase from them something of value, is permissible on the day of their festival, for generally one who sells is sad [when he sells something he values] and does not go and praise [idolatry].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:1)

**אִצְטְרוֹבָּלִין.** פֵּירָא דְאַרְזָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אצטרובלין – fruit of the cedar.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:2)

**בְּנוֹת שׁוּחַ.** מִין מִמִּינֵי הַתְּאֵנִים הַגְּדוֹלִים הַלְּבָנִים. אָסוּר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִמְכֹּר אֵלּוּ לְעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בנות שוח – it is prohibited for an Israelite to sell a kind of the species of the large white figs to an idolater.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:3)

**פְּטוֹטָרוֹת.** בִּפְטוֹטְרוֹתֵיהֶם קָאָמַר, כְּלוֹמַר בָּעֳקָצִין שֶׁלָּהֶם שֶׁהֵם נִתְלִין בּוֹ. דְּמִסְּתָמָא הָעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה רוֹצֶה לְהַקְרִיבָן תִּקְרֹבֶת לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ופטוטרות – with their stems (Talmud Avodah Zarah 13b) it is stated, meaning to say, with their stalks/peduncles by which they are suspended, for undefined, the idolater wants to offer them as a [sacrificial] offering to idolatry.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:4)

**תַּרְנְגוֹל לָבָן בֵּין הַתַּרְנְגוֹלִין.** לָקַח הָעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל תַּרְנְגוֹלִים הַרְבֵּה, מֻתָּר לִמְכֹּר בֵּינֵיהֶם תַּרְנְגוֹל לָבָן. דְּכֵיוָן דְּשָׁקֵיל אַחֲרִינֵי לָאו לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בָעֵי לְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
תרנגול לבן בין תרנגולין – an idolater bought from an Israelite many chickens, it is permitted to sell amongst them a white chicken and since another person took them, It was not for idolatry that he wanted them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:5)

**וּפֵרוּשָׁן אָסוּר.** אִם פֵּרֵשׁ דְּלַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בָעֵי לְהוּ, אָסוּר. וְאִצְטְרִיךְ לְמִתְנֵי, דְּסָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ אֲמֵינָא הַאי גַּבְרָא לָאו לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בָעֵי לְהוּ, וְהַאי דְּקָאָמַר הָכִי, סָבַר כִּי הֵיכִי דְהַהוּא גַבְרָא אֲבִיק בָּהּ כֻּלֵּי עָלְמָא נַמִּי אֲבִיקוּ, וְאֵימָא הָכִי כִּי הֵיכִי דְלֵיתְבוּ לִי, קָמַשְׁמַע לָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ופירושן אסור – if he explained/specified that it was for idolatry that he needed them, it is prohibited. And it was necessary for our Mishnah [to specify this] for you might think that I would say that this person wanted them not for idolatrous purposes, and when he said this, he holds that just as that this person clings to it (for idolatrous purposes), everyone also clings to it, and I would say this for [just as] he would give it to me, it to teach us [that the reverse is to be taught].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:6)

**דֶּקֶל טָב.** פֵּרוֹת דֶּקֶל מְשֻׁבָּח שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו רְגִילִין לְהַקְרִיב מֵהֶן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דקל טב – [fruits] of a superior date which are regularly used for sacrificial purposes to idolatry.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:7)

**וְחָצָב.** קָנִים שֶׁעוֹשִׂין מֵהֶן הַצּוּקְרָ"א:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נקב – reeds that they make from them sugar.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:5:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:5:8)

**וְנִקְלִיבָם.** מִין עֵשֶׂב מְשֻׁבָּח מְאֹד. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונקליהם – a kind of very superior herb/grass, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Meir.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:6:1)

**אֵין מוֹכְרִין בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה.** דְּגָזְרִינַן מְכִירָה אַטּוּ שְׂכִירוּת וְהַשְׁאָלָה, שֶׁהִיא בְהֶמְתּוֹ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיַעֲשֶׂה בָהּ הַנָּכְרִי מְלָאכָה בְשַׁבָּת. וְעַל יְדֵי סַרְסוּר דְּלֵיכָּא לְאַחְלוּפֵי בִשְׂכִירוּת, שֶׁאֵין הַסַּרְסוּר מַשְׂכִּיר, שָׁרֵי לְמָכְרָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין מוכרין בהמה גסה – for we decree that selling is on account of renting and borrowing, for it is the animal of an Israelite and the idolater will do work with it on the Sabbath and through a middleman, for they cannot exchange it through renting it, for the middleman does not lease it, but he is permitted to sell it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:6:2)

**שְׁלֵמִים וּשְׁבוּרִים.** שֶׁאַף הַשְּׁבוּרִים חֲזוּ לִמְלָאכָה, שֶׁטּוֹחֲנִים בָּהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלמים ושבורים – for even the injured/maimed are appropriate for work for they grind/mill with them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:6:3)

**רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בִּשְׁבוּרָה.** וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יהודה מתיר בשבורה – but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:6:4)

**בֶּן בְּתֵירָא מַתִּיר בְּסוּס.** וַאֲפִלּוּ הַסּוּס שֶׁהַצַּיָּדִים מְבִיאִים עָלָיו הָעוֹפוֹת שֶׁצָּדִין בּוֹ. קָסָבַר הַחַי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וְרַבָּנָן סָבְרֵי, דַּוְקָא אָדָם נוֹשֵׂא אֶת עַצְמוֹ, הִלְכָּךְ אִם לֹא הָיָה מְיֻחָד אֶלָּא לִרְכֹּב עָלָיו מֻתָּר, אֲבָל לְהָבִיא בַעַל חַי אַחֵר חוּץ מֵאָדָם, אָסוּר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּבֶן בְּתֵירָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בו בתירה מתיר בסוס – and even the horse that the hunters/fowlers bring upon them the birds that they hunt, for he holds that the living carries himself. But the Rabbis hold that that especially human beings carry themselves. Therefore, if it (i.e., the horse) did not have a special [purpose] other than to ride upon it, it is permissible, but to bring upon it a living creature other than a human being, it is prohibited. But the Halakha is not according to Ben Beteyra.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:1)

**כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נֵזֶק לָרַבִּים.** כְּגוֹן כְּלֵי מִלְחָמָה חֲרָבוֹת וּרְמָחִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל דבר שיש [בו] נזק לרבים – as, for example, military utensils, swords and spears.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:2)

**בָּסִילְקִי.** טִירָה גְבוֹהָה. וְשָׁם יוֹשְׁבִים לָדוּן בְּנֵי אָדָם וּמַפִּילִין אוֹתָם מִשָּׁם וּמֵתִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בסילקי – a tall palace/villa where they sit to judge people and they cast them from there and they die (see Talmud Avodah Zarah 16b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:3)

**גַּרְדּוֹם.** בִּנְיָן אֶחָד, וְהוּא עָשׂוּי לָדוּן דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
גרדום – one building and it is made to judge capital cases.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:4)

**אִצְטַדְיָא.** מְקוֹם שְׂחוֹק שֶׁמְּבִיאִים שָׁם שׁוֹר נַגָּח וְהוֹרֵג אֶת הָאָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
איצטדיא – a place of sport that they bring a goring ox and they kill a man.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:5)

**בִּימָה.** כְּעֵין מִגְדָּל קָצָר וְגָבוֹהַּ. עָשׂוּי כְּדֵי לִדְחֹף הָאָדָם מִשָּׁם וְהוּא מֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בימה – a kind of short or tall tower made in order to push a person down from them and he dies.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:6)

**בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת.** בִּנְיָנִים שֶׁאֵינָם לֹא לְצֹרֶךְ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְלֹא לְהָמִית בְּנֵי אָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דימוסיאות – buildings that are not for the needs of idolatry, nor to kill people.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:7:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:7:7)

**כִּפָּה.** ארקוולט"ו בְּלַעַ"ז. דֶּרֶךְ עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה לְהַעֲמִיד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּבֵית מֶרְחֲצָאוֹתֵיהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כיפה – in the foreign language “Arkayultav;” it is the manner of idolaters to place idolatry in their bathhouses.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:1)

**אֲבָל מוֹכֵר הוּא מִשֶּׁיִּקָּצֵץ.** שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא מוֹכֵר לוֹ הַמְחֻבָּר אֶלָּא לְאַחַר שֶׁיִּקָּצֵץ. אֲבָל כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא בִמְחֻבָּר, לֹא, שֶׁנִּמְצָא נוֹתֵן לוֹ חֲנָיָה בַקַּרְקַע, וְהַתּוֹרָה אָמְרָה (דברים ז) לֹא תְחָנֵּם, לֹא תִתֵּן לוֹ חֲנָיָה בַּקַּרְקַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל מוכר הוא משיקוץ – that he should not sell it to him when it is attached [to the ground] but rather after it is cut away. But not all the while that it is attached. And the Torah stated (Deuteronomy 7:2): “And give them no quarter,” nor give them no chance of acquiring property (sell them no trees in the ground – see Talmud Avodah Zarah 20a).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:2)

**אֵין מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים.** גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם מְכִירָה דְּאִסּוּרָא דְאוֹרַיְתָא הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין משכירין להם בתים – it is a decree because of selling which is a prohibition from the Torah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:3)

**וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שָׂדוֹת.** דְּאִיכָּא תַרְתֵּי דְאִסּוּרָא, חֲנָיָה בַקַּרְקַע וּמַפְקִיעָן מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואצ"ל שדות – for there are two levels of prohibition: acquiring property and exempting them from tithes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:4)

**וּבְסוּרְיָא.** אֲרַם צוֹבָה, שֶׁכָּבַשׁ דָּוִד וְאֵינָהּ קְדוֹשָׁה כִּקְדֻשַּׁת הָאָרֶץ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובסוריא – Aram Sobah which [King] David conquered and is not holy like the holiness of the Land [of Israel].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:5)

**מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים.** וְלֹא גָזְרִינַן אַטּוּ מְכִירָה. דְּאִי נַמִּי אָתֵי לִידֵי מְכִירָה לֹא עָבַר אַדְּאוֹרַיְתָא, דְּכִי כְתִיב לֹא תִתֵּן לָהֶם חֲנָיָה, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב. וּמִיהוּ מְכִירָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא, מִשּׁוּם מְכִירָה דְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משכירין להם בתיים – and we don’t make the decree on account of selling and for alternatively, it would come to selling but he did not violate the Torah for just as it is written to not give them the chance to acquire property in the land of Israel, it is written, but however, ab initio not selling in the land of Israel because of selling of the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:6)

**אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת.** דְּאִיכָּא תַרְתֵּי לְאִסּוּרָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל לא שדות – because there are two levels of prohibition.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:7)

**וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ.** דִּמְרַחַק, וְלֵיכָּא לְמִגְזַר מְכִירָה דְהָתָם אַטּוּ מְכִירָה דְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וח"ל – because of the distance, one cannot make a decree regarding selling for from there it does not lead to sale of the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:8)

**מוֹכְרִין בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת.** אֲבָל מְכִירָה דְשָׂדוֹת לֹא, כֵּיוָן דְּאִיכָּא תַרְתֵּי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מוכרין בתים ומשכירין שדות – but not the sale of fields because there are two [levels of prohibition].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:8:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:8:9)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר כוּ'.** וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי. וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא יַשְׂכִּיר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִשְׁלֹשָׁה נָכְרִים בְּיַחַד, שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה שְׁכוּנָה שֶׁל נָכְרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יוסי אומר כו'' -And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi as long as one does not lease to three idolaters together so that they will not make a neighborhood of idolaters.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:9:1)

**אַף בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַשְׂכִּיר.** לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּסוּרְיָא דַוְקָא וְלֹא בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּלְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אֲפִלּוּ בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אף במקום שאמרו להשכיר – for Rabbi Meir in Syria especially, but not in the land of Israel and for Rabbi yosi even in the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:9:2)

**לֹא לְבֵית דִּירָה אָמְרוּ.** אֶלָּא לְהַכְנִיס שָׁם תֶּבֶן וְעֵצִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָזֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא לבית דירה אמרו – but rather to bring into there straw and wood and things like it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah 1:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Avodah%20Zarah/r/1:9:3)

**מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ.** וְהַנָּכְרִי מְחַמְּמָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת וְיֹאמְרוּ מֶרְחָץ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי יְהוּדִי רוֹחֲצִים בָּהּ בְּשַׁבָּת. וְלֹא דָמֵי לְשָׂדֶה שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאָרִיס נָכְרִי עוֹשֶׂה בָהּ מְלָאכָה בְשַׁבָּת, דְּשָׂדֶה לַאֲרִיסוּת עֲבִידָא, וְהַנָּכְרִי אֲרִיסוּתָא דְנַפְשֵׁיהּ קָא עֲבִיד, אֲבָל מֶרְחָץ לָאו לַאֲרִיסוּתָא קָא עֲבִידָא וְאֵין הַכֹּל יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהַיִּשְׂרָאֵל הִשְׂכִּירָהּ לְנָכְרִי, וּלְכָךְ אָסוּר. וּבַזְּמַן הַזֶּה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ לְהוֹרִיד אָרִיס לַמֶּרְחָץ לְשָׁנָה, לְמֶחֱצָה לִשְׁלִישׁ וְלִרְבִיעַ, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמּוֹרִידִין לַשָּׂדוֹת, שָׁרֵי לְהַשְׂכִּיר מֶרְחָץ לְנָכְרִי, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַנָּכְרִי עוֹשֶׂה בָהּ מְלָאכָה בְשַׁבָּת מֵידַע יָדְעִי שֶׁהַנָּכְרִי אָרִיס בָּהּ וַאֲרִיסוּתָא דְנַפְשֵׁיהּ קָא עֲבִיד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפני שהיא נקראת על שמו – because the idolater because he warms himself up on the Sabbath and they (i.e., people) will say “this is the bathhouse of so-and-so the Israelite where they wash in it on Shabbat” but it is not similar to a field of an Israelite where the tenant farmer is an idolater who does work on it on the Sabbath, for the field is worked for his tenancy and the idolater is a personal tenant farmer who is doing his own labor ( and not as the Israelite’s employee -see Talmud Avodah Zarah 21b). But a bathhouse is not for working as a tenant, and not everyone knows that he the Israelite leased it to an idolater and therefore, it is prohibited. But at the present time when it is manner to lower the tenant to the bathhouse for a year, for half, or a third or a fourth of the earnings, in the same manner that they bringing him down into the fields, they permitted to lease a bathhouse to an idolater, and even though [the idolater] does work in it on the Sabbath, people [surely] know that the idolater is a tenant there, for he he is doing his own tenancy while using it.