## Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:1)

**אַרְבָּעָה אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין.** מִשּׁוּם דְּאִיכָּא לְכָל חַד מִנַּיְהוּ תּוֹלָדוֹת, קָרֵי לְהוּ אָבוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ארבעה אבות נזיקין – because there are for every one of these (“chief actional damages”), derivatives, we call them "אבות"/chief, actionable [damages].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:2)

**הַשּׁוֹר.** הוּא הָרֶגֶל, דְּהַיְנוּ מַה שֶּׁהַבְּהֵמָה מַזֶּקֶת בְּרַגְלֶיהָ דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכָהּ, כְּדִכְתִיב (שמות כב) וְשִׁלַּח אֶת בְּעִירֹה. וְתַנְיָא וְשִׁלַּח זֶה הָרֶגֶל וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ישעיה לב) מְשַׁלְּחֵי רֶגֶל הַשּׁוֹר וְהַחֲמוֹר. וְתוֹלָדָה דְּרֶגֶל הִיא כְּשֶׁהִזִּיקָה בְּגוּפָהּ דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכָהּ, אוֹ בִּשְׂעָרָהּ דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכָהּ שֶׁנִּדְבְּקוּ כֵּלִים בִּשְׂעָרָהּ וּגְרַרְתָּן וּשְׁבַרְתָּן. אוֹ בַּשְּׁלִיף שֶׁעָלֶיהָ, וְהוּא מַשְּׂאוֹי שֶׁבָּאַמְתָּחוֹת וּבַמַּרְצוּפִין שֶׁעָלֶיהָ. אוֹ בַּזּוֹג שֶׁבְּצַוָּארָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
השור – this is the foot, meaning, what the animal damages with her feet while she is walking, as it is written (Exodus 22:4): “When a man lets his livestock loose [to graze in another’s land, and so allows a field or a vineyard to be grazed bare],” and teaches "ושלח" /”lets loose” – this is the foot and similarly he states (Isaiah 32:20): “Who let loose the feet of cattle and asses,” and it is a derivative of the foot when it (i.e., the animal) causes damage with its body while walking or with its hair while walking when utensils became attached to the hair and [the animal] dragged them and broke them, or with the saddle bag that is upon it. And this is a burden that is in large sacks, and the packing bags that are upon her or in the bell that is on her neck.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:3)

**וְהַבּוֹר.** הַפּוֹתֵחַ בּוֹר בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה שׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר וָמֵת אִם הַבּוֹר עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ הֻזַּק אִם הוּא פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, דִּכְתִיב (שמות כא) כִּי יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר וְגוֹ'. וְתוֹלָדָה דְּבוֹר, כְּגוֹן כִּיחוֹ וְנִיעוֹ לְאַחַר שֶׁנָּחוּ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהִזִּיקוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והבור – whomever opens a pit in the public domain and an ox or an ass fell into it and died, if the pit was ten handbreadths deep or caused damage, if it was is less than ten handbreadths [deep], as it is written (Exodus 21:22): “When a man opens a pit [or digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into it],” and a derivative of a pit such as the phlegm brought out by coughing or hawking (see Talmud Bava Kamma 3b) after they were placed in the public domain and caused damage.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:4)

**וְהַמַּבְעֶה.** זֶה הַשֵּׁן, שֶׁאָכְלָה בְּהֶמְתּוֹ בִּשְׂדֵה חֲבֵרוֹ, כְּדִכְתִיב (שם כב) וּבִעֵר בִּשְׂדֵה אַחֵר. וְנִקְרָא הַשֵּׁן מַבְעֶה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּעָמִים מְכֻסֶּה פְּעָמִים מְגֻלֶּה, מִלְּשׁוֹן נִבְעוּ מַצְפֻּנָיו (עובדיה א) דִּמְתַרְגְּמִינַן אִגַּלְיָן מַטְמְרוֹהִי. וְתוֹלָדָה דְּשֵׁן הִיא, כְּשֶׁנִּתְחַכְּכָה בַּכֹּתֶל לַהֲנָאָתָהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ הַבְּהֵמוֹת שֶׁמִּתְחַכְּכוֹת וְשָׁבְרָה אֶת הַכֹּתֶל, אוֹ טִנְּפָה פֵּרוֹת כְּשֶׁנִּתְחַכְּכָה בָּהֶן לַהֲנָאָתָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמבעה – this is the tooth, for the animal ate in the field of his fellow as it states (Exodus 22:4): “and so allows a field or vineyard to be grazed bare in another’s land,” and the tooth is called מבעה/damaging the crop because it sometimes is covered and sometimes uncovered/revealed, from the language (Obadiah 1:6): ”How ransacked his hoards!”/”Its hidden treasures were laid bare” (made empty, which refers to eating up – see the comment of Shmuel in Talmud Bava Kamma 3b), as we translate into Aramaic: the hidden object is revealed; and it is a derivative of the tooth, the animal scratching itself against a wall for her gratification (see Talmud Bava Kamma 3a) in the manner of animals scratching themselves, and when she broke the wall or soiled (with excrements, secretions) the fruits (by rolling in them) when she scratched herself on them for her gratification.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:5)

**וְהַהֶבְעֵר.** זוֹ הַדְּלֵקָה שֶׁיָּצְאָה וְהִזִּיקָה, כְּדִכְתִיב (שמות כב) כִּי תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ וְגוֹ'‏ וְנֶאֱכַל גָּדִישׁ אוֹ הַקָּמָה אוֹ הַשָּׂדֶה. וְתוֹלָדָה דְּאֵשׁ, אַבְנוֹ וְסַכִּינוֹ וּמַשָּׂאוֹ שֶׁהִנִּיחָן בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ וְנָפְלוּ בְּרוּחַ מְצוּיָה וְהִזִּיקוּ, דּוּמְיָא דְּאֵשׁ שֶׁהָרוּחַ מוֹלִיכָה. וְהָא דְּלֹא חָשֵׁיב תַּנָּא דִּידָן קֶרֶן בִּכְלַל אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין, מִשּׁוּם דְּלֹא מַיְרֵי אֶלָּא בִּנְזִיקִין שֶׁהֵם מוּעָדִים מִתְּחִלָּתָן, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁמְּשַׁלְּמִין נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם מִתְּחִלָּתָן, אֲבָל בְּתַמִּין וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוּעָדִים לֹא קָא מַיְרֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ההבער – this is the fire/conflagration, for it went out and caused damage, as it is written (Exodus 22:5): “When a fire is started [and spreads to thorns], so that stacked, standing or growing grain is consumed.” And the derivative of fire is his rock and his knife and his burden that he placed them on the upper portion of his roof, and they fell with an ordinary wind and it caused damage that resembles fire where the wind leads it. But surely, our Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] did not consider a horn [of an animal] under the category of the chief actionable damages, because we are not speaking about other than damages which are when an animal whose owner stands forewarned (on account of three successive injuries) from their outset, meaning to say, that they pay full indemnity from their outset. But when they (the animals) are innocuous (i.e., one that did injury for the first time, or before warning had been given) it doesn’t speak of this.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:6)

**לֹא הֲרֵי הַשּׁוֹר כַּהֲרֵי הַמַּבְעֶה.** כְּלוֹמַר, אִי כָּתַב רַחְמָנָא שׁוֹר לֹא נָפֵיק מַבְעֶה מִנֵּיהּ, דַּהֲוָה אֲמֵינָא רֶגֶל דְּהֶזֵּקָהּ מָצוּי חַיְּבֵיהּ רַחְמָנָא, שֵׁן דְּאֵין הֶזֵּקָהּ מָצוּי לֹא חַיְּבֵיהּ רַחְמָנָא. וְאִי כָּתַב רַחְמָנָא שֵׁן, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא שֵׁן דְּיֵשׁ הֲנָאָה לְהֶזֵּקָהּ חַיָּב, רֶגֶל דְּאֵין הֲנָאָה לְהֶזֵּקָהּ אֵינוֹ חַיָּב. וְאִי כָּתַב רַחְמָנָא שֵׁן וָרֶגֶל וְלֹא כָּתַב אֵשׁ, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא שֵׁן וָרֶגֶל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן רוּחַ חַיִּים, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁבָּאִים מִכֹּחַ בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים, חַיָּב, אֲבָל אֵשׁ שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ רוּחַ חַיִּים לֹא לִחַיַּב. וְאִם נִכְתְּבוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן וְלֹא כָּתַב רַחְמָנָא בּוֹר, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא הָנֵי לִחַיְּבוּ שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לֵילֵךְ וּלְהַזִּיק, אֲבָל בּוֹר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לֵילֵךְ וּלְהַזִּיק לֹא לִחַיַּב עֲלֵיהּ. מִשּׁוּם הָכִי אִצְטְרִיכוּ כֻּלְּהוּ. וּבַגְּמָרָא מַסִּיק דְּאִי כָּתַב בּוֹר וְחַד מֵהָנָךְ אָתוּ כֻּלְּהוּ שְׁאָר, לְבַד מִקֶּרֶן, בְּהַצַּד הַשָּׁוֶה שֶׁבָּהֶן שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהַזִּיק. וְלֹא הֻצְרְכוּ כֻּלָּן אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן חֲלוּקִים בְּהִלְכוֹתֵיהֶן, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּזֶה מַה שֶּׁאֵין בָּזֶה. שֵׁן וָרֶגֶל פְּטוּרִים בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּבוֹר וָאֵשׁ. בּוֹר פָּטַר בֵּיהּ קְרָא אָדָם וְכֵלִים דִּכְתִיב (שמות כא) וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה שׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר, דְּדָרְשִׁינַן שׁוֹר וְלֹא אָדָם, חֲמוֹר וְלֹא כֵּלִים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בִּשְׁאָר אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִים. אֵשׁ פָּטַר בּוֹ אֶת הַטָּמוּן, שֶׁאִם הָיוּ בְּגָדִים טְמוּנִים בַּגָּדִישׁ פָּטוּר הַמַּבְעִיר, דִּכְתִיב (שם כב) אוֹ הַקָּמָה, מַה קָּמָה בְּגָלוּי אַף כָּל בְּגָלוּי. וּבִשְׁאָר אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִים לֹא פָּטַר אֶת הַטָּמוּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא הרי השור כהרי המבעה – meaning to say, if the Merciful One had written [only] "שור"/the ox, we would not derive "מבעה"/the tooth from it. For I would have said that a foot that caused damage is an ordinary occurrence (and must be guarded against), and the Merciful One made it liable (see Talmud Bava Kamma 2b). But the tooth whose damage is not an ordinary occurrence, the Merciful One did not make it liable. But if the Merciful One [only] wrote "שן" /the tooth, I would have said that the damage done by a tooth is connected with a benefit (to the animal), is liable. But the "רגל"/foot which is not connected with a benefit (to the animal), it is not liable. But if the Merciful One had written “tooth” and “foot” and but did not write “tooth,” I would have said that “tooth” and “foot” which have in them a living spirit, meaning to say that that they come from the strength of living creatures, it is liable, but the fire which has no living spirit in it is not be made liable. But if three of them were written, but the Merciful One did not write "בור"/pit, I would have said that these (three) whose manner is to go and do damage, but the pit, whose manner is not to go and do damage, I would not be liable for it; because of this, it was necessary for [the Mishnah to state] all of them. And in the Gemara (Talmud Bava Kamma 5b) brings up, that if it wrote “pit” and one of these, all of the rest of them would come except for “horn,” through the points common to both, that their manner is to cause damage, and they didn’t need all of them other than because they are divided in their [specific] Halakhot, for this one has what the is not found in the other- that the “tooth” and the “foot” are exempt in the public domain, which is not the case with the “pit” and the “fire.” Scripture exempted the “pit” [from punishment] for humans and utensils, as it is written (Exodus 21:33): “[When a man opens a pit, or digs a pit and does not cover it], and an ox or an ass falls into it,” that we expound, “an ox” but not a human being; “an ass,” but not utensils, which is not the case with the other chief actional damages. “Fire,” exempts what is hidden, for if there were hidden clothes in a stack of grain, the person who sets fire is exempt, as it is written (Exodus 22:5): “[so that stacked], standing [or growing gain is consumed],” just as standing grain is revealed, so also all that is revealed, and the rest of the chief actional damages did not exempt that which is hidden.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:7)

**הַצַּד הַשָּׁוֶה שֶׁבָּהֶן וְכוּ'.** אַף אֲנִי אָבִיא כָּל שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַזִּיק וּשְׁמִירָתוֹ עָלֶיךָ, שֶׁאִם הִזִּיק נִתְחַיֵּב הַמַּזִּיק לְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי הַנֶּזֶק שֶׁהִזִּיק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הצד השוה שבהן וכו' – even I will bring all that is normal to cause damage and its protection is upon you, that if he caused damage, the one who caused damage is liable make the payment for the damages that he committed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:1:8)

**בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ.** מֵעִדִּית שֶׁבִּנְכָסָיו, מִן הַמְּשֻׁבָּח שֶׁבָּהֶם, אִם בָּא לִתֵּן לוֹ קַרְקַע בְּתַשְׁלוּמֵי נִזְקוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (שם) מֵיטַב שָׂדֵהוּ וּמֵיטַב כַּרְמוֹ יְשַׁלֵּם. אֲבָל אִם בָּא לִתֵּן לוֹ מִטַּלְטְלִין, קָיְמָא לָן כָּל מִלֵּי מֵיטָב הוּא, דְּאִי לֹא מִזְדְּבַן הָכָא מִזְדְּבַן בְּמָתָא אַחֲרִיתִי, וְיָהֵיב לֵיהּ כָּל מַאי דְּבָעֵי וַאֲפִלּוּ סֻבִּין. וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי לִנְזָקִין. אֲבָל לְבַעַל חוֹב, אִי אִית לֵיהּ זוּזֵי מְחַיְּבִינַן לֵיהּ לְמִיתַּן זוּזֵי, וְאִי לֵית לֵיהּ זוּזֵי יָהֵיב לֵיהּ מִטַּלְטְלֵי מַאי דְּבָעֵי, וְאִי מַגְבֵּי לֵיהּ אַרְעָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ בְּבֵינוֹנִית. וְשָׂכִיר, אֲפִלּוּ לֵית לֵיהּ זוּזֵי לַמַּשְׂכִּיר לֹא מָצֵי יָהֵיב לֵיהּ בְּאַגְרֵיהּ אֶלָּא זוּזֵי, וּמְחַיְּבִינַן לֵיהּ לְזַבּוֹנֵי מִנִּכְסֵיהּ עַד דְּמַשְׁכַּח זוּזֵי וְיָהֵיב לֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במיטב הארץ – from the best of his possessions, from the most praiseworthy of them, if he comes to take for himself land as payment for his damage, as it is written (Exodus 22:4): “he must make restitution for the impairment (lit. “excellence”) of that field or vineyard.” But, if he comes to give him “movables,” we hold that every word "מיטב"/the best for if he doesn’t sell here, he will sell in another town, and he will give him all what he requires, even bran, and these words are for damages. But for someone who is a creditor, if he (i.e., the borrower) has money, we make him liable to give money, and if he lacks money, he will give movables, what ever he needs. And if he collects land, he will give him mid-range [land]. And a renter, even if the landlord lacks money, he is not able to give him his rent/wages, but rather [only] zuzim. And we obligate him to sell from his possessions until money is found and he gives it to him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:1)

**כָּל שֶׁחַבְתִּי בִשְׁמִירָתוֹ וְכוּ'.** כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְחַיַּבְתִּי לְשָׁמְרוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל שחבתי בשמירתו וכו' – everything that I became obligated to guard.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:2)

**הִכְשַׁרְתִּי אֶת נִזְקוֹ.** אִם לֹא שְׁמַרְתִּיו כָּרָאוּי וְהִזִּיק, אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁהִכְשַׁרְתִּי וְזִמַּנְתִּי אוֹתוֹ הֶזֵּק, וַאֲנִי חַיָּב עָלָיו. כְּגוֹן הַמּוֹסֵר שׁוֹרוֹ לְחֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, חַיָּב, שֶׁעָלָיו הָיָה מֻטָּל שְׁמִירַת שׁוֹרוֹ וַהֲרֵי לֹא שְׁמָרוֹ כָּרָאוּי לוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכשרתי את נזקו – if I didn’t guard it appropriately and it caused damage, I am the one who became legally rendered possible and arranged that damage, and I am liable for it such as sending his bull to a deaf-mute, imbecile or a minor, is liable, for upon him was placed the guarding of the bull and indeed, he did not guard in the appropriate manner for it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:3)

**הִכְשַׁרְתִּי בְמִקְצָת נִזְקוֹ וְכוּ'.** וְאִם תִּקַּנְתִּי וְזִמַּנְתִּי מִקְצָת הַנֶּזֶק, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא זִמַּנְתִּי וְתִקַּנְתִּי אֶת כֻּלּוֹ, נִתְחַיַּבְתִּי עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ זִמַּנְתִּיו כֻּלּוֹ. כְּגוֹן הַחוֹפֵר בּוֹר תִּשְׁעָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּבָא אַחֵר וְהִשְׁלִימוֹ לַעֲשָׂרָה, וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה שׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר וָמֵת, הָאַחֲרוֹן חַיָּב, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא תִּקֵּן אֶלָּא מִקְצָת הַנֶּזֶק, כְּאִלּוּ עָשָׂה כָּל הַנֶּזֶק, כֵּיוָן דִּבְתִשְׁעָה לֵיכָּא מִיתָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכשרתי במקצת נזקו וכו' – even though I did not arranged it and I repaired everything, I have made myself liable for it, as if I had arranged it such as the case of digging a pit nine [handbreadths] in the public domain and another came and completed it to be ten [handbreadths] and the bull or the ass fell in there and died, the last person is liable even though he had not established other than part of the damages, it is as if he had done all the damage since that the nine [handbreadths] there is no death [penalty].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:4)

**נְכָסִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם מְעִילָה.** וְעַל אֵיזֶה נְכָסִים אֲנִי חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם אִם הִזַּקְתִּי, עַל נְכָסִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם מְעִילָה, כְּגוֹן נְכָסִים שֶׁאֵינָן הֶקְדֵּשׁ. שֶׁאִם הִזַּקְתִּי נְכָסִים שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ אֵינִי חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם, דִּכְתִיב שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ וְלֹא שׁוֹר שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ. וְהוּא הַדִּין לְכָל שְׁאָר נְזָקִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נכסים שאין בהם מעילה – and upon which property I am liable to pay if I caused damage. On those possessions that lack religious sacrilege, such as property which is not sanctified to the Temple, for if I damaged properties of the Holy things dedicated to the Temple, I am not liable to pay, as it is written, (Exodus 21:35): “[When a man’s ox injures] his neighbor’s ox [and it dies, they shall sell the live ox and divide its price; they shall also divide the dead animal],” and not the ox that belongs to the Temple. And the same law applies to all the rest of damages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:5)

**נְכָסִים שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל בְּנֵי בְרִית.** שֶׁאִם הִזִּיק נְכָסִים שֶׁל נָכְרִי, פָּטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נכסים של בני ברית – that if he damages the property of the heathen, he is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:6)

**נְכָסִים הַמְיֻחָדִים.** שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם בְּעָלִים מְיֻחָדִים, שֶׁאִם הִזִּיק נְכָסִים שֶׁל הֶפְקֵר, פָּטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נכסים המיוחדים – they have special honors that if he damaged ownerless property, he is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:7)

**חוּץ מֵרְשׁוּת הַמְיֻחֶדֶת לַמַּזִּיק.** בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ נְכָסָיו אֶת נִכְסֵי חֲבֵרוֹ, חַיָּב הַמַּזִּיק, חוּץ מֵרְשׁוּת הַמְיֻחֶדֶת לַמַּזִּיק. שֶׁאִם נִכְנַס שׁוֹר נִזָּק בִּרְשׁוּת הַמַּזִּיק וְהִזִּיקוֹ שׁוֹר הַמַּזִּיק, פָּטוּר, דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ תּוֹרְךָ בִּרְשׁוּתִי מַאי בָּעֵי. וְדַוְקָא כְּשֶׁהִזִּיקוּ נְכָסָיו, אֲבָל הַמַּזִּיק עַצְמוֹ שֶׁחָבַל בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, חַיָּב, דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ הַנֶּחְבָּל נְהִי דְּאִית לָךְ רְשׁוּתָא לְאַפּוֹקֵי, לְאַזּוֹקֵי לֵית לָךְ רְשׁוּתָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מרשות המיוחדת למזיק – in every place where his possessions damaged the property of his fellow, the one who damaged them is liable, except for the special domain of the one who damages. For if the ox of the damaged party enters the domain of the one who damages and the bull of the one who damages caused damage, he is exempt, for he (i.e., the one who theoretically caused damage) says to him (i.e., the one who suffered damage): Your bull was in my domain, what does he need, and specifically if it damaged his possessions. But the one who causes damage itself who injured his fellow, even though he (i..e, the latter) is standing in his domain is liable, for the one who was injured says to him:” assuming that that you have permission to go out and cause damage, you don’t have permission.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:2:8)

**וּרְשׁוּת הַנִּזָּק וְהַמַּזִּיק.** וּרְשׁוּת הַמְיֻחֶדֶת לַנִּזָּק וְלַמַּזִּיק, כְּגוֹן חָצֵר שֶׁל שְׁנֵיהֶם, וְהִזִּיק שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁל אֶחָד מֵהֶם בְּאוֹתָהּ חָצֵר בְּשֵׁן וָרֶגֶל, פָּטוּר. וְהוּא שֶׁתִּהְיֶה אוֹתָהּ חָצֵר מְיֻחֶדֶת לִשְׁוָרִים גַּם כֵּן. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה מְיֻחֶדֶת לְפָרוֹת וְלֹא לִשְׁוָרִים, וְהִזִּיק בְּשֵׁן וָרֶגֶל, חַיָּב. וְאִם הִזִּיק בְּקֶרֶן, בְּכָל עִנְיָן חַיָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורשות הניזק והמזיק – and it is a special domain to the one who suffered damage and the one who causes damage such as the courtyard of both of them. For the bull of one of them does damage in the same courtyard with a tooth and foot and is exempt, and this will be in the same courtyard that is set aside for bulls also, but if it was specially for fruit/produce but not for bulls and it damaged with is tooth and/or foot, he liable, and if it damaged with its horn in any matter, he is liable.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:1)

**שׁוּם כֶּסֶף.** שׁוּם זֶה שֶׁל נְזָקִים לֹא יְהֵא אֶלָּא בְּכֶסֶף. שֶׁיְּהוּ בֵּית דִּין שָׁמִין כַּמָּה שָׁוֶה הַנֶּזֶק וְכָךְ יְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ. וְאִם הִזִּיקָה פָּרָתוֹ שֶׁל רְאוּבֵן טַלִּיתוֹ שֶׁל שִׁמְעוֹן שֶׁדָּרְסָה עָלָיו בִּרְשׁוּת הַנִּזָּק וּשְׁבָרַתּוּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אֵרַע שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה רַגְלָהּ שֶׁל פָּרָה זוֹ שֶׁל רְאוּבֵן בְּטַלִּיתוֹ שֶׁל שִׁמְעוֹן בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים דַּהֲוֵי נַמִּי בּוֹר בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אֵין אוֹמְרִים הוֹאִיל וְזֶה הִזִּיק וְזֶה הִזִּיק יָצָא הֶזֵּקוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְּהֶזֵּקוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, אֶלָּא שָׁמִין שְׁנֵי הַנְּזָקִים בְּדָמִים, וּמִי שֶׁהִזִּיק לַחֲבֵרוֹ יוֹתֵר, יְשַׁלֵּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שום כסף – this assessment of damages will not be other than with money, so that the Jewish court will assess how much the damage is worthy and he (i.e., the one who caused the damage) will pay him. But if the cow of Reuven damaged the tallit/garment of Shimon as it tread upon it in the domain of the who was damaged and broke it and afterwards it happened that the foot of Reuven’s cow was broken by the garment of Shimon in the public domain and it was also a pit in the public domain, we don’t say that since this one did damage and the other one did damage, this one’s damage was excluded by the damage of the other, but they assess the two damages monetarily – and the one who damaged his fellow more pays.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:2)

**וְשָׁוֶה כֶסֶף.** וּכְשֶׁבָּאִים לְשַׁלֵּם הַהֶזֵּק מִנִּכְסֵי הַיְתוֹמִים, לֹא יִפְרְעוּ אֶלָּא מִן הַקַּרְקָעוֹת שֶׁהֵם שָׁוֵה כֶּסֶף, וְלֹא מִמִּטַּלְטְלִין שֶׁהֵם עַצְמָם כֶּסֶף. דְּכָל מִידֵי דְּמִטַּלְטֵל חָשׁוּב כְּאִלּוּ הוּא כֶּסֶף, דְּאִי לֹא מִזְדְּבַן הָכָא מִזְדְּבַן בְּמָתָא אַחֲרִיתִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שוה כסף – and when they come to pay the damages from the property of the orphans and they do not collect other than land that has monetary value and not from movables which are themselves money. And all movable things are considered as if it is money, for if he doesn’t sell it here, he will sell it in another town.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:3)

**בִּפְנֵי בֵּית דִּין.** וְהַשּׁוּמָא וְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין שֶׁל נְזָקִים לֹא יִהְיוּ אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי בֵּית דִּין מֻמְחִין, וְלֹא בִּפְנֵי בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל הֶדְיוֹטוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בפני ב"ד – for the assessment and the payment of damages do not take place other than in from of a Jewish court of experts, and not before a Jewish court of lay persons.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:4)

**וְעַל פִּי עֵדִים בְּנֵי חוֹרִין וּבְנֵי בְרִית.** לַאֲפוֹקֵי עֲבָדִים וְנָכְרִים שֶׁאֵינָם כְּשֵׁרִים לְעֵדוּת שֶׁל נְזָקִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל פי עדים בני חורין ובני ברית – to exclude salves and idolaters who are not fit for serving as witnesses of damages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:5)

**וְהַנָּשִׁים בִּכְלָל הַנֶּזֶק.** בֵּין שֶׁהִזִּיקָה הִיא אֶת אֲחֵרִים, בֵּין שֶׁאֲחֵרִים הִזִּיקוּהָ, דִּין הָאִישׁ וְדִין הָאִשָּׁה שָׁוִין בִּנְזָקִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והנשים בכלל הנזק – whether she caused damages to others or whether others caused damage to her, the claim of a man and the claim of a woman are equivalent in damages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:3:6)

**וְהַנִּזָּק וְהַמַּזִּיק בַּתַּשְׁלוּמִין.** פְּעָמִים שֶׁהַנִּזָּק שַׁיָּךְ עִם הַמַּזִּיק בַּתַּשְׁלוּמִין שֶׁל נִזָּק. כְּגוֹן אִם פָּחֲתָה הַנְּבֵלָה מִשְּׁעַת מִיתָה עַד שְׁעַת הַעֲמָדָה בַּדִּין, שֶׁפְּחַת נְבֵלָה דְּנִזָּק הוּא, בֵּין בְּתָם בֵּין בְּמוּעָד, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁאֵין הַמַּזִּיק מְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ אֲפִלּוּ אוֹתוֹ חֲצִי נֶזֶק שֶׁזִּכְּתָה לוֹ תּוֹרָה אִם הוּא תָּם, אוֹ נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם אִם הוּא מוּעָד, הֲרֵי שֶׁהַנִּזָּק הוּא מַפְסִיד וְשַׁיָּךְ בְּתַשְׁלוּמִין הַלָּלוּ עִם הַמַּזִּיק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הניזק והמזיק בתשלומין – sometimes that one who suffered damage belongs with the one who causes damages in payments of the one who suffered damage, such as if the worth of the carrion became less from the time that it died until the time that it was brought to justice, for the lessened [value] of the carrion belonged to the one who suffered damage whether it was an innocuous animal or one whose owner had been warned after it committed damage (see Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 2, Mishnah 4), and it is found that the one who did damage does not pay him even the one-half damages that the Torah made him worthy of if the animal was innocuous, or full damages if it was a warned animal, for the one who suffered damages loses money and is attached to these damages as is the one who causes the damage.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:1)

**חֲמִשָּׁה תַמִּין.** שֶׁאֵינָם רְגִילִים לְהַזִּיק, וְאִם הִזִּיקוּ מְשַׁלְּמִין חֲצִי נֶזֶק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חמשה תמין – that are not accustomed to cause damage, and if they do cause damage, they pay one-half the damage.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:2)

**וַחֲמִשָּׁה מוּעָדִין.** שֶׁהֵם רְגִילִין לְהַזִּיק, וּמְשַׁלְּמִין נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחמשה מועדין – the are accustomed to cause damage and pay full damages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:3)

**לֹא לִגַּח.** בְּקֶרֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא ליגף – with the horn.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:4)

**וְלֹא לִגֹּף.** דְּחִיפַת כָּל הַגּוּף. וְכֻלְּהוּ הָווּ תּוֹלָדָה דְּקֶרֶן וּמְשַׁלְּמִין חֲצִי נֶזֶק. הֲרֵי חֲמִשָּׁה תַּמִּין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא ליגוף – pushing the entire body and all of them are derivatives of the “horn” and they (i.e., the owners) pay half-damages. These are the five innocuous actions of animals.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:5)

**וְשׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד.** שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים לִגַּח אוֹ לִגֹּף אוֹ לִרְבֹּץ אוֹ לִבְעֹט אוֹ לִשֹּׁךְ. הֲרֵי הֵן חֲמִשָּׁה מוּעָדִים לְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. וּלְגַבֵּי מוּעָד חָשֵׁיב לְהוּ חַד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושור המועד – three times to gore or to push or lie down or kick or bite these are the five actions of animals whose owners have been warned who have to pay full damages, and concerning a warned animal, each one is considered one [kind of damage].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:6)

**וְשׁוֹר הַמַּזִּיק בִּרְשׁוּת הַנִּזָּק.** אֲפִלּוּ קֶרֶן תַּמָּה, הָוֵי מוּעָד לְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. וּמַתְנִיתִין אָתְיָא כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר מְשֻׁנָּה קֶרֶן בַּחֲצַר הַנִּזָּק שֶׁמְּשַׁלֶּמֶת נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם וַאֲפִלּוּ הִיא תַּמָּה. וְאֵין כֵּן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושור המזיק ברשות הניזק – even a horn of an innocuous animal, for an owner warned about its animal pays full damages and our Mishnah brings according to the one who states that the corner of the courtyard of the one who suffers damages as he pays full damages, and even if the animal is innocuous. But the Halakha is not like this.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:7)

**וְהָאָדָם.** הָוֵי מוּעָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ נַמִּי, וּמְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם אִם הִזִּיק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והאדם – is considered warned from his beginning, also and pays full damages if he caused damages (see Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 2, Mishnah 6).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:8)

**הַזְּאֵב וְהָאֲרִי וְכוּ'.** מוּעָדִים מִתְּחִלָּתָן. וְהָא דְּלֹא חָשֵׁיב לְהוּ בִּכְלַל חֲמִשָּׁה מוּעָדִים דִּלְעֵיל וְלִהֲווּ אַחַד עָשָׂר מוּעָדִים, מִשּׁוּם דְּהָנֵי לֹא שְׁכִיחֵי בְּיִשּׁוּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
[הזאב] והארי וכו'- their owners are considered as warned from their beginnings, and they are not considered as within the five kinds of damages listed above so that there are eleven animals considered as warned because these do not belong in society.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:9)

**בַּרְדְּלָס.** חַיָּה שֶׁקּוֹרִין לָהּ בַּעֲרָבִי אלצב"ע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ברדלס – a beast that we call in Arabic “Eltzabah.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:10)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר וְכוּ'.** וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר וכו' – but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 1:4:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/1:4:11)

**מִן הָעֲלִיָּה.** מֵעִדִּית שֶׁבִּנְכָסָיו. וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵין הַנּוֹגֵחַ שָׁוֶה שִׁעוּר הַנֶּזֶק. דִּבְמוּעָד כְּתִיב (שמות כא) יְשַׁלֵּם שׁוֹר תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר, וְלֹא כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ דְּמִגּוּף הַנּוֹגֵחַ יִפְרַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מן העליה – from the best of his property, and even if the goring is not worth the measure of the damage of the “warned” animal (as it is written (Exodus 21:36): “[and its owner has failed to guard it] he must restore ox for ox”, but it is not written there “that from the body of the goring animal, he will be paid.”