## Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma Chapter 10

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:1)

**הַגּוֹזֵל וּמַאֲכִיל.** וְהִנִּיחַ לִפְנֵיהֶם. אוֹ שֶׁהִנִּיחַ לִפְנֵיהֶם הַגְּזֵלָה קַיֶּמֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הגוזל ומאכיל. והניח לפניהם – or he left [as an inheritance the stolen goods] the theft exists.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:2)

**פְּטוּרִים מִלְּשַׁלֵּם.** אִם אֲכָלוּהָ אַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶם וְלֵיתָא בְּעֵינָהּ, פְּטוּרִים מִלְּשַׁלֵּם, דְּהָא אִינְהוּ לֹא גָּזוּל מִידֵי, וּמִטַּלְטְלֵי לֹא מִשַּׁעְבְּדֵי לְבַעַל חוֹב. וְאִם לֹא אֲכָלוּהָ וְהִיא בְּעֵינָהּ, חַיָּבִים לְהַחֲזִיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פטורים לשלם – if they consumed it after the death of their father and there is nothing discernible left, they are exempt from paying. For they had stolen nothing, and movables are not mortgaged to the creditor, but if they had not consumed it and there was something discernable left, they are obligated to return it (i.e., the stolen goods).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:3)

**וְאִם הָיָה דָבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַחֲרָיוּת.** כְּלוֹמַר וְאִם הִנִּיחַ לָהֶם אֲבִיהֶם דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ אַחֲרָיוּת, שֶׁהֵם קַרְקָעוֹת, חַיָּבִים לְשַׁלֵּם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲכָלוּהָ כְּבָר. הָכִי מִתָּרְצָה מַתְנִיתִין בַּגְּמָרָא. וּלְעִנְיַן פְּסַק הֲלָכָה, הַגּוֹזֵל וּמַאֲכִיל אֶת בָּנָיו, בֵּין שֶׁאָכְלוּ לִפְנֵי יֵאוּשׁ בֵּין שֶׁאָכְלוּ לְאַחַר יֵאוּשׁ, חַיָּבִים לְשַׁלֵּם מִמָּמוֹן שֶׁהִנִּיחַ לָהֶם אֲבִיהֶם, בֵּין מִנְּכָסִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם אַחֲרָיוּת בֵּין מִנְּכָסִים שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אַחֲרָיוּת, דְּהָאִידְנָא מִטַּלְטְלִי מִשְׁתַּעְבְּדִי לְבַעַל חוֹב. וְאִם לֹא הִנִּיחַ הַגַּזְלָן כְּלוּם, אִם אָכְלוּ הַבָּנִים הַגְּזֵלָה לִפְנֵי יֵאוּשׁ, חַיָּבִים לְשַׁלֵּם מִשֶּׁלָּהֶם. וְאִם לְאַחַר יֵאוּשׁ אָכְלוּ, אֵין חַיָּבִים לְשַׁלֵּם מִשֶּׁלָּהֶם אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הִנִּיחַ לָהֶם אֲבִיהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם היה דבר שיש בו אחריות – meaning to say, if their father left them mortgaged property (or property which may be resorted to in case of non-payment), they are obligated to repay [what was stolen] even though they had already consumed it. This is how our Mishnah is reconciled in the Gemara (Talmud Bava Kamma 111b). But regarding the Halakhic decision, He who steals and feeds his children, whether they consumed it before despair [of the original owner ever recouping what was stolen from him] or whether they consumed it after despair [of the owner] they are obligated to pay back from the monies that their father left them, whether from mortgaged property or whether from that which cannot be resorted to (i.e., movables) and today, movables are mortgaged to the creditor But if the thief did not leave anything [for his children], if the children consumed the stolen goods before despair [of the original owner of ever recouping them], they are obligated to return it from their own [estate]. But if it is after despair [of the original owner] that they consumed it, they are not obligated to pay back from their own [estates] other than if their father had left it for them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:4)

**אֵין פּוֹרְטִין.** אֵין מַחְלִיפִים סְלָעִים בִּפְרוּטוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין פורטין – do not exchange Selas for Perutot (i.e., pennies).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:5)

**מִתֵּבַת הַמּוֹכְסִין.** לִטֹּל פְּרוּטוֹת מִתֵּבָתָן שֶׁנּוֹתְנִים בָּהּ מְעוֹת הַמֶּכֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מתיבת המוכסין – to take Perutot (i.e. pennies) from treasury [of the publicans] where they place the monies of the taxes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:6)

**וְלֹא מִכִּיס שֶׁל גַּבָּאִים.** גַּבַּאי הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁגּוֹבֶה כֶּסֶף גֻּלְגֹּלֶת וְאַרְנוֹנָא. לְפִי שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל גָּזֵל. וְדַוְקָא בְּמוֹכֵס נָכְרִי אוֹ מוֹכֵס יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ קִצְבָּה, שֶׁלּוֹקֵחַ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה. אֲבָל מוֹכֵס יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוֹ אֲפִלּוּ מֶלֶךְ נָכְרִי וְלוֹקֵחַ דָּבָר קָצוּב בְּחָק הַמַּלְכוּת, אֵינוֹ בְּחֶזְקַת גַּזְלָן, וּפוֹרְטִין מִתֵּבָתוֹ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁאָסוּר לְהַבְרִיחַ מִן הַמֶּכֶס שֶׁלּוֹ, דְּדִינָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא מכיס של [גבאים] -the king’s collectors who collect capitation taxes and taxes from crops and other famer’s produces delivered in kind because they are from theft, and especially the heathen custom -collectors or the Israelite custom-collector/publican who is not limited by legal stipulations (see Talmud Bava Kamma 113a), who takes whatever he wants. But an Israelite publican who was appointed even by a heathen king and takes a fixed stipulation according to the law of the kingdom is not under the presumption of being a thief, and one may exchange coins from his treasury and not only this but also, it is forbidden to fell from his taxes, for the law of the land is the law/דינא דמלכותא דינא.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:7)

**מִתּוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ.** שֶׁל מוֹכֵס שֶׁהוּא בְּחֶזְקַת גַּזְלָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מתוך ביתו – from the tax collector who is presumed to be a thief.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:1:8)

**אוֹ מִן הַשּׁוּק.** אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ מָעוֹת בְּבֵיתוֹ אוֹ בַּשּׁוּק שֶׁאֵינָם בְּתֵבַת הַמֶּכֶס. וְאִם חַיָּב אָדָם פְּרוּטוֹת לַמּוֹכֵס בַּחֲצִי דִּינָר וְאֵין לוֹ פְּרוּטוֹת. נוֹתֵן לוֹ דִּינָר כֶּסֶף וּמְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנּוּ פְּרוּטוֹת בְּשָׁוֵה חֶצְיוֹ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנּוֹתֵן לוֹ מִתֵּבַת הַמֶּכֶס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּמַצִּיל מִיָּדוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או מן השוק – if he has monies in his house or in the market which are not from the tax treasury box, and if a person is liable some pennies to the tax collector from the tax of one-half Dinar and he doesn’t have the Perutot/pennies, one gives him a silver Dinar and he receives from the Perutot equivalent to half its value and even though he gives it to him from the tax treasury box because it is like he rescuing him from his hand.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:2:1)

**הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ.** דְּמִסְתָּמָא נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים מִיָּד, וּקְנַנְהוּ הַאִיךְ בְּיֵאוּשׁ וְשִׁנּוּי רְשׁוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרי אלו שלו – for undefined the owners have despaired immediately, and this one acquired it through despair [of the original owner] and the change of domain.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:2:2)

**אִם נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים.** דְּשַׁמְעִינְהוּ דְּאִיַּאֵשׁ, דְּאָמְרֵי וַי לְחֶסְרוֹן כִּיס. אֲבָל סְתָמָא לֹא. וְרֵישָׁא דְּנָטְלוּ לִסְטִים אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ דְּמַשְׁמַע דְּמִסְתָּמָא מִתְיָאֲשׁוּ, מַיְרֵי בְּלִסְטִים יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּכֵיוָן דְּדַיָּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָמְרֵי הָבֵא עֵדִים הָבֵא רְאָיָה, מִכִּי נָטְלוּ לוֹ לִסְטִים מִיַּאֵשׁ. וְסֵיפָא בְּלִסְטִים נָכְרִים, שֶׁדַּיָּנֵי נָכְרִים דָּנִין בְּגַאֲוָה וּבִזְרוֹעַ וּבְאֻמְדַּן דַּעַת בְּלֹא עֵדִים וְלֹא רְאָיָה, וְהַנִּגְזָל מֵהֶם לֹא מִיַּאֵשׁ. וּמִשּׁוּם הָכִי אִי שַׁמְעִינְהוּ דְּאִיַּאוּשׁ אִין, אֲבָל סְתָמָא לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם נתיאשו הבעלים – for we learned that regarding despair, when they say, Woe is Me for the loss of money, but not if it is not defined. The first section of the Mishnah [deals with] when the robbers took his clothing, that is undefined, that the owners resign their possession – we are speaking of Jewish thieves, for since the Jewish laws state: bring witnesses, bring proof, for when the robbers take it they (i.e., the owners) despair, but the concluding section of the Mishnah deals with heathen robbers for heathen judges judge with haughtiness and physical might, and when they state an opinion, it is without witnesses and without proof and those who suffered theft from them do not despair. But because of this, if we hear about this, it surely refers to despair, but, undefined, it is not.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:2:3)

**נָחִיל שֶׁל דְּבוֹרִים.** קִבּוּץ שֶׁנִּקְבָּצִים עִם הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁלָּהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נחיל של דבורים – a collection [of bees] gathered together with their sovereign.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:2:4)

**לֹא יָקֹץ אֶת שׂוֹכוֹ.** נִתְיַשְּׁבוּ דְּבוֹרִים [שֶׁלּוֹ] עַל שׂוֹכַת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְיָרֵא לִטְּלָן אֶחָד אֶחָד, שֶׁלֹּא יִבְרְחוּ, לֹא יָקֹץ אֶת הַשּׂוֹכָה כֻּלָּהּ, וַאֲפִלּוּ עַל מְנָת לִתֵּן אֶת הַדָּמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא יקוץ את השוכה – the bees settled upon the bough of his fellow and was afraid to take one at a time so that they should not flee, he should not cut the branch entirely, and even on condition of giving the money.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:2:5)

**רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל כוּ'.** וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי ישמעאל וכו' – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yishmael.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:3:1)

**הַמַּכִּיר כֵּלָיו וּסְפָרָיו וְכוּ'.** מַתְנִיתִין בְּאָדָם שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָשׂוּי לִמְכֹּר כֵּלָיו, דְּכֵיוָן דְּיָצָא לוֹ שֵׁם גְּנֵבָה בָּעִיר, וְאִיכָּא סַהֲדֵי שֶׁאֵלּוּ הַכֵּלִים וְהַסְּפָרִים שֶׁלּוֹ הָיוּ, לֹא חָיְשִׁינַן דִּלְמָא אִיהוּ זַבְּנִינְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המכיר כליו וספריו וכו' – Our Mishnah [deals] with a person who is not used to selling his utensils, for since a report of a theft had לוקח gone forth in the city, and there are witnesses that these were his utensils and books, we don’t suspect that perhaps he actually sold them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:3:2)

**יִשָּׁבַע לוֹקֵחַ כַּמָּה נָתַן וְיִטֹּל.** וְיַחְזִיר לוֹ כֵּלָיו. וְלִפְנֵי יֵאוּשׁ קָמַיְרֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נשבע לוקח כמה נתן ויטול – and he should return to him his utensils, and we are speaking about the time before despair.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:4:1)

**אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא שְׂכָרוֹ.** שְׂכַר כְּלִי וּשְׂכַר פְּעֻלָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין לו אלא שכרו – payment for the utensil and payment for the labor (of preserving the other’s honey).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:4:2)

**שָׁטַף נָהָר חֲמוֹרוֹ.** צְרִיכָא לְמִתְנֵי תְּרֵי בָּבֵי דְּמַתְנִיתִין. דְּאִי תָּנָא רֵישָׁא הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא הָתָם הוּא דְּכִי פָּרֵישׁ יָהֵיב לֵיהּ דְּמֵי כֻּלָּהּ מִשּׁוּם דְּבַיָּדַיִם קָא פָּסֵיד, שֶׁשָּׁפַךְ אֶת יֵינוֹ בַּיָּדַיִם בִּשְׁבִילוֹ, אֲבָל סֵיפָא דְּמִמֵּילָא, אֵימָא אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא שְׂכָרוֹ. וְאִי אַשְׁמוֹעִינַן סֵיפָא, הָכָא הוּא דְּבִסְתָמָא אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא שְׂכָרוֹ מִשּׁוּם דְּמִמֵּילָא, אֲבָל הָתָם דְּבַיָּדַיִם, אֵימָא אֲפִלּוּ בִּסְתָמָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ דְּמֵי כֻּלָּהּ. צְרִיכָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שטף נהר חמורו – it is necessary to teach two segments of our Mishnah, for it (i.e., the Mishnah) had taught [only] the first part, I would think that it is there when he specifies, that they give him the cost of everything, because that which is in his hands, he loses when he spills his wine by his own hands for him. But in the concluding part [of the Mishnah] that of itself, I would say that he has nothing other than his salary/pay , but if we were to teach only the concluding section [of the Mishnah], here when it is undefined, he would have nothing other than his salary/payment of itself, but there (in the first part of the Mishnah dealing with a jar of wine and pitcher of honey) when it is in their hands, I would say, even when undefined, he should give him the cost of everything, Hence it is necessary [to teach both].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:5:1)

**נְטָלוּהָ מְסִיקִין.** אַנָּסִים גְּזָלוּהָ מִן הַגַּזְלָן. תַּרְגּוּם צְלָצַל, סַקָּאָה. שֶׁהָאַרְבֶּה גַּזְלָן הוּא, שֶׁאוֹכֵל בִּשְׂדוֹת אֲחֵרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נטלוה מסיקין – violent men stole it from the thief. The Aramaic translation of [מסיקין] the shrieking of locusts (possibly cricket – see Talmud Bava Kamma 116b), for the locust is a thief, which eats other’s fields.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:5:2)

**אִם מַכַּת מְדִינָה הִיא.** שֶׁאָנְסוּ קַרְקַע שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים עִם זוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם מכח מדינה היא – which took by force the fields of others with this.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:6:1)

**עַל מְנָת לָצֵאת בַּמִּדְבָּר.** לֹא שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּצֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר וְתִפְרְעֵנִי, דְּהָא מִלְּתָא דִּפְשִׁיטָא הִיא. אֶלָּא כְּגוֹן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ לֶהֱוֵי הַאי פִּקָּדוֹן גַּבָּךְ, דַּאֲנָא לַמִּדְבָּר נָפֵקְנָא. וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אִידָךְ וַאֲנָא נַמִּי לַמִּדְבָּר בָּעֵינָא לְמֵפָק, וְהַשְׁתָּא אִי בָּעֵי לְאַהְדּוֹרִינְהוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר מַהֲדַר לְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
על מנת לצאת במדבר – not that he should say to him explicitly: “on condition that you go out into the wilderness, and you should repay me”, for this is a simple matter. But even if his fellow said to him: “Let me make this deposit with you, for I am going out in the wilderness.” But the other said to him, “and I also want to go out to the wilderness”, and now, if he wants to restore it to him in the wilderness, he can return it to him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:7:1)

**הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ גְּזַלְתִּיךָ וְכוּ'.** וּכְגוֹן שֶׁחֲבֵרוֹ טוֹעֲנוֹ בָּרִי גְּזַלְתַּנִי, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אֱמֶת, גְּזַלְתִּיךָ, אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם הֶחֱזַרְתִּי לְךָ, חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם. אֲבָל אִם חֲבֵרוֹ טוֹעֵן שֶׁמָּא גְּזַלְתַּנִי אוֹ הִלְוֵיתִיךָ, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אֱמֶת גְּזַלְתִּיךָ אוֹ הִלְוֵיתַנִי וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם הֶחֱזַרְתִּי לְךָ, פָּטוּר מִדִּינֵי אָדָם. וְאִם בָּא לָצֵאת יְדֵי שָׁמַיִם, יְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האומר לחבירו גזלתיך וכו' - and for example, that his fellow claims evidently/with certainty that you stole from me, and he says, it is true that I stole from you. But if he doesn’t know if I returned it to you, he is liable to pay. But if his fellow claims that perhaps you stole from me or I lent you, and he (i.e., the other) states, it is true truthfully, I stole from you or you let me, but he doesn’t know if he restored it (i.e., the lent object), he is exempt from the laws of mankind, and if he wants to fulfill according to the [Laws of] heaven, he should pay him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:7:2)

**אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם גְּזַלְתִּיךָ וְכוּ'‏ פָּטוּר מִלְּשַׁלֵּם.** וּמִיהוּ יִשָּׁבַע שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁחַיָּב לוֹ, דְּלֹא עָדִיף שֶׁמָּא מִבָּרִי, דְּהָא אִי נַמִּי הֲוָה טָעֵין לֵיהּ אֵין לְךָ בְּיָדִי כְּלוּם, הֲוָה מַשְׁבְּעִינַן לֵיהּ שְׁבוּעַת הֶסֵּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
איני יודע אם גזלתיך וכו' – he is exempt from paying. But however, he should take an oath that he doesn’t know that he is liable to him, for pleading ignorance or offering a possible alternative is not preferable to a certainty, But alternatively, if he would make a claim to him that he doesn’t have in his hand anything, he would have him take the equitable oath. (This is applied, if one who is sued for a debt, denies the latter entirely, in contradistinction to the legal oath which is required when the defendant admits a part of the claim. It being presumed that nobody will go to law unless he has a claim, it is a matter of equity to put the opponent to an oath, to which he may in return put the claimant. See Talmud Shevuot 40b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:8:1)

**חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ.** דְּמִכִּי גְּנָבָהּ קָם לֵיהּ בִּרְשׁוּתֵיהּ, וַהֲשָׁבָה דַּעֲבַד לָאו הֲשָׁבָה הִיא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חייב באחריותו – for once he stole it, it exists in his domain, and the restoration that he made is not a restoration (without notifying the owner of such).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:8:2)

**וְאִם לֹא יָדְעוּ בוֹ וְכוּ'.** מַתְנִיתִין הָכִי מִתָּרְצָא, חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ בֵּין מָנוּ בֵּין לֹא מָנוּ. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ בּוֹ הַבְּעָלִים בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ וּבַחֲזָרָתוֹ. אֲבָל יָדְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ וּמָנוּ אֶת הַצֹּאן וְהִיא שְׁלֵמָה, פָּטוּר מִלְּשַׁלֵּם. וְהָכִי פֵּרוּשָׁהּ, מֵת אוֹ נִגְנַב הַטָּלֶה לְאַחַר שֶׁהֶחֱזִירוֹ הַגַּנָּב, חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ, בֵּין שֶׁמָּנוּ הַבְּעָלִים הַצֹּאן וְהִיא שְׁלֵמָה בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא מָנוּ הַצֹּאן. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים בִּגְנֵבַת הַטָּלֶה, שֶׁכָּל צֹאן שֶׁהִיא רְגִילָה לָצֵאת חוּץ, צָרִיךְ לִזָּהֵר בָּהּ בְּיוֹתֵר, וְזוֹ הוֹאִיל וְלֹא יָדְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים בִּגְנֵבָתָהּ וְשֶׁהָיְתָה לְמוּדָה לָצֵאת וְלֹא נִזְהֲרוּ בָּהּ, חַיָּב הַגַּנָּב לְשַׁלֵּם, שֶׁבִּגְרָמָתוֹ נֶאֶבְדָה הַצֹּאן. אֲבָל אִם יָדְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים בִּגְנֵבַת הַטָּלֶה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מָנוּ הַצֹּאן וְנִמְצֵאת שְׁלֵמָה, שֶׁהֻחְזַר הַטָּלֶה הַגָּנוּב, אִם כֵּן כְּבָר יָדְעוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ צֹאן אַחַת שֶׁלְּמוּדָה לָצֵאת חוּץ, וְהָיָה לָהֶם לְהִזָּהֵר בָּהּ, וְאִם לֹא נִזְהֲרוּ אִינְהוּ דְּאַפְסוּד, וּפָטוּר הַגַּנָּב מִלְּשַׁלֵּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם לא ידעו בו וכו' – This is how our Mishnah is reconciled, he is responsible for it, whether he counted them or not. When is this case? When they (i.e., the owners) did not know of its theft and its restoration. But if they knew of the theft and counted the sheep and found it (i.e., the number) to be complete, he is exempt from paying. And this is its explanation: if the lamb died or was stolen after the thief returned it, the thief is responsible for it – whether the owners had counted the sheep and it is complete, or whether they had not counted the sheep. When is this the case? When the owners did not know about the theft of the lamb, for any of the sheep that regularly go outside, he must be careful with it even more, and this is the case, for since the owners did not know about its theft or that it was accustomed to leave, and they were not careful with it. The thief is liable to pay as the sheep were lost because of his indirect effect. But, if the owners knew about the theft of the lamb, and afterwards counted the sheep and found it to be complete, as the stolen lamb had been returned. If so, they already know that there is one sheep that regularly leaves outside, and they have to be careful with it. But if they were not careful, they would lose, and the thief is exempt from having to pay.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:9:1)

**אֵין לוֹקְחִין מִן הָרוֹעִים.** דְּאִיכָּא לְמֵימַר שֶׁמָּא גָּנְבוּ מִצֹּאנוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת הַמָּסוּר לָהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין לוקחין מן הרועים – for one can say that perhaps they (i.e., the shepherds) stole – we found that of the owner that was handed over to them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:9:2)

**צֶמֶר בִּיהוּדָה וּפִשְׁתָּן בַּגָּלִיל.** מְלֶאכֶת הַנָּשִׁים הִיא, וְהֵן עַצְמָן עוֹשׂוֹת וּמוֹכְרוֹת. וּלְדַעַת בַּעֲלֵיהֶן הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
צמר ביהודה ופשתן בגליל – it is the labor of women, and they themselves make it and sell it, with the knowledge of their owners.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:9:3)

**וַעֲגָלִים הָרוֹעִים בַּשָּׁרוֹן.** שֵׁם מָקוֹם שֶׁמְּגַדְּלִין בּוֹ עֲגָלִים. וְשֶׁלָּהֶן הֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועגלים הרוים בשרון – the name of a place (i.e. Sharon) where they raise calves and they are theirs.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:1)

**מוֹכִין שֶׁהַכּוֹבֵס מוֹצִיא.** מְלַבֵּן הַצֶּמֶר מוֹצִיא מִן הַצֶּמֶר דָּבָר מֻעָט עַל יְדֵי שְׁטִיפָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מוכין שהכובס מוציא – from the white matter of the wool, he removes from the wool a small thing through rinsing with cold water.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:2)

**הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ.** שֶׁאֵין הַבַּעַל [הַבַּיִת] מַקְפִּיד. וְאִם הִקְפִּיד לֹא הָוֵי קְפֵידָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרי אלו שלו – for the [house] holder is not stringent, but if he had been stringent, he did not mind that it should be exactly as he wanted it (i.e., he had no legal objection).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:3)

**וְשֶׁהַסּוֹרֵק מוֹצִיא.** הַסּוֹרֵק אֶת הַצֶּמֶר וְהַמְנַפְּצוֹ, מַה שֶּׁמּוֹצִיא הָוֵי דָּבָר חָשׁוּב וּרְגִילִים לְהַקְפִּיד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושהמורק מוציא – He who combs the wool and hatchels it, what he removes is an important matter, and they are regularly strict.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:4)

**הַכּוֹבֵס נוֹטֵל שְׁלֹשָׁה חוּטִים.** דֶּרֶךְ בִּגְדֵי צֶמֶר לְהַנִּיחַ בְּסוֹף אֲרִיגָתָן שְׁלֹשָׁה חוּטִין מִמִּין אַחֵר. וְהַכּוֹבֵס נוֹטְלָן וּמַשְׁוֶה הַבֶּגֶד וּמְיַפֵּהוּ. וְאִם חוּטִין שְׁחוֹרִין הֵם אֲרוּגִים בְּבֶגֶד לָבָן, רַשַּׁאי הַכּוֹבֵס לִטֹּל הַכֹּל, לְפִי שֶׁהַשָּׁחֹר בַּלָּבָן מְגַנֶּה אוֹתוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכובס נוטל שלשה חוטים – it is the manner of wool garments to leave at the end of their weaving three threads from a different kind. And the washer/launderer takes them and harmonizes the garment and beautifies it. But if there are black threads woven into a white garment, the washer is permitted to take everything because the black in a white [garment] puts it to shame the most.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:5)

**הַחַיָּט שֶׁשִּׁיֵּר מִן הַחוּט כְּדֵי לִתְפֹּר בּוֹ.** שֶׁהוּא כִּמְלֹא אֹרֶךְ הַמַּחַט:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
החייט ששייר מן החוט כדי לתפור בו – which is as long as the needle.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:6)

**וּמַטְלִית שֶׁהִיא שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ.** גָּרְסִינַן. חַיָּט שֶׁהִשְׁוָה אֶת תְּפִירָתוֹ וְקוֹצֵעַ מִמֶּנָּה מַטְלִית קְטַנָּה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת עַל שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, חַיָּב לְהַחֲזִיר לְבַעַל הַבֶּגֶד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמטלית שהיא שלש על שלש – we have the reading חייט/tailor who evened his stitches and trimmed from it a small patch three fingers by three fingers, he is liable to return it to the owner of the garment.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:7)

**מַעֲצָד.** כְּלִי שֶׁמַּחְלִיק בּוֹ הַנַּגָּר אֶת פְּנֵי הַלּוּחַ. וּשְׁפָאִין שֶׁהוּא מוֹצִיא דַּקִּין הֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מעצד – a utensil/tool that a carpenter uses to smooth the face of the board and the chips that he removes are thin.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:8)

**כַּשִּׁיל.** קַרְדֹּם. וּמַפִּיל שְׁפָאִין גַּסִּין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כשיל – a hatchet/spade that removes the large chips.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:9)

**אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת.** כִּשְׂכִיר יוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אצל בעל הבית – as a day [paid] laborer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 10:10:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/10:10:10)

**אַף הַנְּסֹרֶת.** דַּק דַּק הַיּוֹצֵא מִתַּחַת הַמַּקְדֵּחַ שֶׁהֵם דַּקִּים מְאֹד, שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אף הנסורת – extremely thin [sawdust] that is under the borer which are very thin belong to the owner of the house.