## Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma Chapter 5

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:1)

**שׁוֹר שֶׁנָּגַח אֶת הַפָּרָה.** מְעֻבֶּרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שור שנגח את הפרה – who was pregnant.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:2)

**וְנִמְצָא עֻבָּרָהּ בְּצִדָּהּ.** מֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונמצא עוברת בצדה – that died.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:3)

**וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נְגָחָהּ יָלְדָה.** וְלֹא מֵת מֵחֲמַת הַנְּגִיחָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואין ידוע אם עד שלא נגח ילדה – and did not die because of the goring.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:4)

**אִם מִשֶּׁנְּגָחָהּ.** וּמֵחֲמַת הַנְּגִיחָה הִפִּילָתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם משנגחה – and because of the goring aborted the fetus.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:5)

**וּרְבִיעַ נֶזֶק לַוָּלָד.** דְּתָם חַיָּב חֲצִי נֶזֶק, וְהַאי וָלָד מֻטָּל בְּסָפֵק הוּא, וְחוֹלְקִין. וּמַתְנִיתִין סוּמְכוֹס הִיא דְּאָמַר מָמוֹן הַמֻּטָּל בְּסָפֵק חוֹלְקִין. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים זֶה כְּלָל גָּדוֹל בַּדִּין, הַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ נִזָּק אוֹמֵר בָּרִי וּמַזִּיק אוֹמֵר שֶׁמָּא, הַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורביע נזק – for an innocuous ox is liable for half damages and this offspring lies in doubt and we divide it. And our Mishnah is according to Sumachos who stated that money that is lies in doubt, we divide the money. But the Sages state that this is a great principle in law (see, for example, Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 3, Mishnah 11 above): “He who seeks reparation from his fellow must produce evidence (i.e., upon him is the burden of proof).” But the Halakha is according to the Sages. And even if the [owner of the] animal who suffered damages asserts a certainty (i.e., literally, “sure”) and the [owner of the] animal who caused the damages says “perhaps” (i.e., a possibility), “he who seeks reparation form his fellow must produce evidence.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:1:6)

**וְכֵן פָּרָה שֶׁנָּגְחָה אֶת הַשּׁוֹר וְכוּ'‏ מְשַׁלֵּם חֲצִי נֶזֶק מִן הַפָּרָה.** אִם נִמְצֵאת הַפָּרָה, כְּדִין תָּם שֶׁמְּשַׁלֵּם חֲצִי נֶזֶק מִגּוּפוֹ. וְאִם לֹא נִמְצֵאת הַפָּרָה, מְשַׁלֵּם רְבִיעַ נֶזֶק מִן הַוָּלָד. שֶׁאִם הָיָה יָדוּעַ שֶׁקֹּדֶם שֶׁיָּלְדָה נָגְחָה הָיָה מְשַׁלֵּם כָּל חֲצִי נֶזֶק מִן הַוָּלָד, שֶׁמְּעֻבֶּרֶת שֶׁנָּגְחָה הִיא וְעֻבָּרָהּ נָגְחוּ. וְאִם לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּלְדָה נָגְחָה לֹא הָיָה מְשַׁלֵּם מִן הַוָּלָד כְּלוּם, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַוָּלָד לֹא נָגַח וְאֵין הַתָּם מְשַׁלֵּם אֶלָּא מִגּוּפוֹ. עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁהוּא בְּסָפֵק, חוֹלְקִים, וּמִן הַחֲצִי נֶזֶק שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ לְשַׁלֵּם מְשַׁלֵּם רְבִיעַ נֶזֶק מִן הַוָּלָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן פרה שנגחה את השור וכו'- if the cow is found, it is according to the innocuous [animal whose owner] pays one-half damages from his estate, but if the cow is not found, he pays one-firth damages from the offspring, for if he had known that prior to [the cow] giving birth it had gored, he would pay all of the half-damages from the offspring, for she was pregnant and had gored and her fetus was gored, but if it was after she gave birth that she gored, he would not pay from the offspring anything, for the offspring did not gore. But the [owner of the] innocuous animal pays other than from his estate. But now that there is a doubt, they divide it and from the one-half damages that he has to pay, he pays one quarter damages from the offspring.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:2:1)

**וְאִם הֻזְּקָה בָהֶם בַּעַל הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּב.** וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי שֶׁהֻחְלְקָה וְנִכְשְׁלָה בָּהֶן. אֲבָל אִם אָכְלָה מֵהֶן עַד שֶׁמֵּתָה, בַּעַל הַפֵּרוֹת פָּטוּר, דַּהֲוָה לַהּ שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם הוזקה בהם בעל הפירות חייב – and these words refer to when the animal slips and stumbles/falls through them. But if she (i.e., the animal) ate from them until she died , the owner of the produce is exempt [from indemnity] because she should not have eaten them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:3:1)

**הָיָה אָבִיו אוֹ בְנוֹ.** שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת בְּתוֹכוֹ. וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר אֲנָשִׁים, אֶלָּא אוֹרְחָא דְּמִלְּתָא נָקַט:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היה אביו או בנו – of the owner of the house were in it (i.e., the cistern) and the same law applies for the rest of the people, but [the Mishnah] took a usual incident.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:3:2)

**מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַכֹּפֶר.** וּכְגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה מוּעָד לְהַפִּיל עַצְמוֹ עַל בְּנֵי אָדָם בְּבוֹרוֹת, וְהָאִידְנָא חָזֵי יַרְקָא בַּבּוֹר וְהִפִּיל עַצְמוֹ לַבּוֹר לֶאֱכֹל יַרְקָא וְהָרַג אֶת הָאָדָם, שֶׁהַשּׁוֹר פָּטוּר מִמִּיתָה הוֹאִיל וְהָרַג שֶׁלֹּא בְּכַוָּנָה, וְהַבְּעָלִים מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶת הַכֹּפֶר, דְּאִתְרַבֵּי כֹּפֶר אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁהָרַג שֶׁלֹּא בְּכַוָּנָה כִּדְאָמְרִינַן לְעֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משלם את הכופר – as for example, the [owner of the] animal had been forewarned to cause himself to fall upon on people in cisterns and currently saw herbs in the pit and caused itself to fall into the cistern to eat the herbs and killed a person, that the [owner of the] ox is exempt from the death penalty, for it killed without intention. But the owners [of the ox] pay the ransom, for it includes the ransom even if the animal killed without intention, as we have stated above.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:3:3)

**רַבִּי אוֹמֵר וְכוּ'.** וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי. הִלְכָּךְ אִם הִכְנִיס שׁוֹרוֹ בִּרְשׁוּת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת סְתָם וְלֹא קִבֵּל עָלָיו לִשְׁמֹר, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת פָּטוּר, דְּהָא לֹא קִבֵּל עֲלֵיהּ נְטִירוּתָא. וְהַמַּכְנִיס נַמִּי פָּטוּר, לְפִי שֶׁהִכְנִיס בִּרְשׁוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אומר וכו' – And the Halakha is according to Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi]. Therefore, if [the owner of] the animal led his ox [into the courtyard] with the permission of the owner of house, in an undefined manner, and he didn’t accept upon himself to guard [the animal], the owner of the house is exempt, for he did not accept upon himself watching/proper care. And the one who brings it (i.e., the animal) in is also exempt [from liability] because he brought it (i.e., the animal) in with permission.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:4:1)

**שׁוֹר שֶׁהָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְכוּ'.** אַיְדֵי דְּבָעֵי לְמִתְנֵי סֵיפָא אָדָם שֶׁהָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ, תָּנָא רֵישָׁא נַמִּי שׁוֹר שֶׁהָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ. דַּאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן לָאִשָּׁה, פָּטוּר הַשּׁוֹר מִדְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת, שֶׁאֵין חַיָּב בִּדְמֵי וְלָדוֹת אֶלָּא אָדָם בִּלְבַד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שור שהיה מתכוון לחבירו וכו' – since our Mishnah had to teach the “concluding” (actually, the next phrase) part [of the Mishnah] that a person who intended [to strike] his fellow, the first part [of the Mishnah] teaches also regarding an ox that intends [to gore] its fellow [ox], for even if it had intended [to gore] a woman , the [owner of the] ox is exempt from the payment [for the value of] the offspring, for he is not liable for the payment [for the value of] offspring other than of a human being alone.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:4:2)

**אִם כֵּן מִשֶּׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹלֶדֶת מַשְׁבַּחַת.** אִם כֵּן דְּכָךְ שָׁמִין כִּדְקָאָמַרְתְּ, אִשְׁתָּכַח דְּלֹא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ מִידֵי, שֶׁהֲרֵי מִשֶּׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹלֶדֶת מַשְׁבַּחַת, שֶׁדָּמֶיהָ פְּחוּתִין לִמָּכֵר קֹדֶם שֶׁתֵּלֵד, שֶׁמְּסֻכֶּנֶת הִיא לָמוּת בְּצַעַר הַלֵּידָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
א"כ משהאשה יולדת משבחת – if so, that this is what we assess just as you said, it is found that he doesn’t give you anything for from when the woman gives birth, her worth is enhanced for her monetary value is less to be sold prior to her giving birth when she is in danger of dying in the pain of childbirth.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:4:3)

**הָיְתָה שִׁפְחָה וְנִשְׁתַּחְרְרָה.** כְּלוֹמַר הָיְתָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת נְשׂוּאָה לְגֵר אוֹ לְעֶבֶד מְשֻׁחְרָר, אוֹ גִּיּוֹרֶת נְשׂוּאָה לְאֶחָד מֵהֶן, וּמֵת הַבַּעַל, פָּטוּר. דְּהַמַּחֲזִיק בְּנִכְסֵי הַגֵּר שֶׁמֵּת וְאֵין לוֹ יֹרְשִׁים, זָכָה, וְזֶה קוֹדֵם לִזְכּוֹת בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּיָדוֹ. וְהוּא הַדִּין נַמִּי לְיִשְׂרְאֵלִית הַנְּשׂוּאָה לְגֵר וּמֵת הַגֵּר, דְּפָטוּר, דְּהָא דְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת לַבַּעַל. אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דִּסְתָם מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת וְגִיּוֹרֶת נְשׂוּאוֹת לְגֵר וְלִמְשֻׁחְרָר, לְהָכִי נָקַט שִׁפְחָה וְגִיּוֹרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היתה שפחה ונשתחררה – meaning to say, when she was freed, she was married to a convert or to a manumitted slave or a female convert is married to one of them , and the husband (who was a freed slave or a convert) passes away, [the owner of the one who caused the damages] is exempt, for the individual who takes possession of the property of the convert who died and he has no heirs has merited, and this comes prior to acquiring what is in his hands. And the same law applies also to an Israelite woman who married a convert, and the convert died, he is exempt, for the value of the offspring goes to the husband, but because an undefined freed woman slave or a female convert are married to a male convert or to a freed slave, for this reason, [the Mishnah] took the language of a maidservant and a female convert.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:1)

**בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּפְתָחוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד אַחֶרֶת.** אַף עַל גַּב דְּאֵין כָּאן צַד רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. וּבִלְבַד אִם הִפְקִיר רְשׁוּתוֹ, אוֹתָהּ שֶׁפִּי הַבּוֹר לְתוֹכָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ברשות היחיד ופתו לרשות היחיד אחרת – even though there is not side of a public domain here, he is liable, and only as long as he had made his domain ownerless where the mouth of the cistern is within it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:2)

**אֶחָד הַחוֹפֵר בּוֹר.** הוּא עָשׂוּי עָגֹל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אחד החופר בור – it is made round.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:3)

**שִׁיחַ.** אָרֹךְ וְקָצָר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שיח – long and narrow [trench].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:4)

**מְעָרָה.** מְרֻבַּעַת וּמְכֻסָּה בְּקֵרוּי, אֶלָּא שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ פֶּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מערה – square and covered temporarily but it has an opening.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:5)

**חֲרִיצִין.** רְחָבִים וּמְרֻבָּעִים כִּמְעָרָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵינָן מְקֹרִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חריצין – wide and squared like a cavern, but they are not its source.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:6)

**נְעִיצִין.** קְצָרִין מִלְּמַטָּה וּרְחָבִים מִלְּמַעְלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נעיצין – short from the bottom and wide from the top.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:5:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:5:7)

**מַה בּוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְהָמִית עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים.** דִּסְתָם בּוֹר הוּא גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מה בור שיש בו כדי להמית י' טפחים – for an undefined cistern is ten handbreadths high.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:1)

**הַשֵּׁנִי חַיָּב.** וְהוּא שֶׁמָּסַר לוֹ רִאשׁוֹן לַשֵּׁנִי כְּשֶׁהָלַךְ כִּסּוּי הַבּוֹר לְכַסּוֹתוֹ וְלֹא כִּסָּהוּ הַשֵּׁנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
השני חייב – when he (i.e., the first of the partners passed to him while he was walking the cover to cover it and the second one didn’t cover it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:2)

**כִּסָּהוּ כָרָאוּי וְנָפַל לְתוֹכוֹ.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִתְלִיעַ הַכִּסּוּי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כסתו כראוי ונפל לתוכה – such as the case of where the cover became worm-eaten/decayed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:3)

**נָפַל לְפָנָיו מִקּוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה חַיָּב.** שֶׁהָיָה חוֹפֵר בַּבּוֹר וְשָׁמַע הַשּׁוֹר קוֹל פַּטִּישׁ וְנִבְעַת וְנָפַל בַּבּוֹר וָמֵת, חַיָּב. וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּכֵיוָן דְּמִשּׁוּם גְּרָמָא דְּקוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה נָפַל הֲוָה לָן לְמֵימַר דְּאִסְתַּלַּק חִיּוּבָא דְּבוֹר מִנֵּיהּ וְרַמְיָא אַפְּשִׁיעוּתָא דְּקוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה וְהַהוּא גְּרָמָא בְּעָלְמָא וּפָטוּר, אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי חַיָּב, הוֹאִיל וּבְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר נִמְצָא הַנֶּזֶק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נפל לפניו מקול הכרייה חייב – he was digging in the pit and the ox heard the sound of a hammer and was frightened and fell into the pit and died, he [the owner of the pit] is liable and even though that since it was because of indirect effect of the sound of the digging that it fell, we could say that the liability of the pit goes away from it and throws [instead] on the negligence regarding the sound of the digging but this is a mere indirect cause and he is exempt. Nevertheless, he is liable since the damage was found inside the pit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:4)

**לְאַחֲרָיו מִקּוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה פָּטוּר.** אִם נִכְשַׁל הַשּׁוֹר מִקּוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה עַל שְׂפַת הַבּוֹר וְנָפַל לְאַחֲרָיו חוּץ לַבּוֹר וָמֵת, פָּטוּר. שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נִמְצָא הַנֶּזֶק בַּבּוֹר, וְקוֹל הַכְּרִיָּה גְּרָמָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא וּפָטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לאחריו מקול הכרייה פטור – if the ox stumbled/fell from the sound of the digging on the edge of the pit and fell backwards outside of the pit and died, he (i.e., the owner of the pit) is exempt [from liability], for the damage was not found in the pit and the sound of the digging was a mere indirect cause and he is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:5)

**וְנִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ, וְנִתְקָרְעוּ.** בִּכְלֵי שׁוֹר שַׁיָּךְ שְׁבִירָה, הָעֹל וְהַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה. בִּכְלֵי חֲמוֹר שַׁיָּךְ קְרִיעָה, חֲבִילַת בְּגָדִים וּמַרְדַּעַת שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונשתברו. ונתקרעו – with the ox’s utensil belongs the breaking of the yoke and the plough. Regarding the donkey’s utensil belongs the tearing of the package of clothing and the pack saddle/cushion that is on its back.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:6)

**וּפָטוּר עַל הַכֵּלִים.** דִּכְתִיב (שמות כא) וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה שׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר, שׁוֹר וְלֹא אָדָם, חֲמוֹר וְלֹא כֵּלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ופטור על הכלים – as it is written (Exodus 21:33): “and an ox or a donkey falls into it.” An ox, but not a human being; a donkey but not utensils.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:6:7)

**שׁוֹר חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן חַיָּב.** שׁוֹר שֶׁהוּא חֵרֵשׁ וְשֶׁהוּא שׁוֹטֶה וְשֶׁהוּא קָטָן, חַיָּב עָלָיו אִם נָפַל לַבּוֹר. אֲבָל שׁוֹר שֶׁהוּא פִּקֵּחַ אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עָלָיו, דְּאִיבָּעֵי לֵיהּ לְעַיּוֹנֵי וּמֵיזָל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
An ox (I.e., its owner) who is deaf-mute, or is an imbecile or is a minor, is liable for it if it fell into the pit. But an ox (i.e., its owner) which can hear is not liable for it, for he needs to investigate/deliberate and continue.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:1)

**אֶחָד שׁוֹר וְאֶחָד כָּל בְּהֵמָה לִנְפִילַת הַבּוֹר.** דִּכְתִיב (שמות כא) כֶּסֶף יָשִׁיב לִבְעָלָיו, לְכָל מִידֵי דְּאִית לֵיהּ בְּעָלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אחד שור ואחד כל בהמה לנפילת הבור – as it is written (Exodus 21:34): “[The one responsible for the pit must make restitution.] He shall pay the price to the owner, [but he shall keep the dead animal],” anything that has owners.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:2)

**וּלְהַפְרָשַׁת הַר סִינַי.** דִּכְתִיב (שם יט) אִם בְּהֵמָה אִם אִישׁ לֹא יִחְיֶה, וְחַיָּה בִּכְלַל בְּהֵמָה. אִם, לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הָעוֹפוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולהפרשת הר סיני – as it is written (Exodus 19:13): “[No hand shall touch him, but he shall be either stoned or shot;] beast or man he shall not live;” and wildlife is included in animals, if also to include birds.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:3)

**וּלְתַשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל.** דִּכְתִיב (שם כב) עַל כָּל דְּבַר פֶּשַׁע, כָּל מִידֵי דְּבַר פְּשִׁיעָה הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לתשלומי כפל – as it is written (Exodus 22:8): “In all charges of misappropriation” – anything where there is negligence.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:4)

**וְלַהֲשָׁבַת אֲבֵדָה.** לְכָל אֲבֵדַת אָחִיךָ (דברים כב):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
להשבת אבידה – “and so too shall you do with anything that your fellow loses” (Deuteronomy 22:3).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:5)

**לִפְרִיקָה.** עֲזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ (שמות כג). אַף עַל גַּב דִּכְתִיב (שם) חֲמוֹר שׂוֹנַאֲךָ, כָּל בְּהֵמָה בִּכְלָל, דְּיָלְפִינַן חֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר מִשַּׁבָּת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (דברים ה) שׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמוֹרְךָ וְכָל בְּהֶמְתֶּךָ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפריקה – (Exodus 23:5): “and would refrain from raising it.” Even though it Is written (Exodus 23:5): “When you see the ass of your enemy [lying under its burden],” all animals are included for we derive "חמור" "חמור" – from Shabbat, as it states (Deuteronomy 5:14): “your ox, your ass, or any of your cattle.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:6)

**לַחֲסִימָה.** לֹא תַּחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישׁוֹ (שם כה), יָלְפִינַן שׁוֹר שׁוֹר מִשַּׁבָּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לחסימה – “You shall not muzzle an ox in its threshing” (Deuteronomy 25:4). We derive "שור" "שור" through a Gezerah Shavah (i.e., analogy) from Shabbat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:7)

**לְכִלְאַיִם.** דְּהַרְבָּעָה, אַף עַל גַּב דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יט) בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַּרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם, הָוֵי נַמִּי חַיָּה וָעוֹף בִּכְלָל, דְּיָלְפִינַן בְּהֵמָה בְּהֵמָה מִשַּׁבָּת. וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן כִּלְאַיִם דְּהַנְהָגָה דְּלֹא תַּחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמוֹר יַחְדָּו (דברים כב) יָלְפִינַן שׁוֹר שׁוֹר מִשַּׁבָּת, דְּהוּא הַדִּין לְכָל שְׁנֵי מִינִים שֶׁל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף. וּמִיהוּ לְעִנְיַן פְּסַק הַהֲלָכָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁחוֹרֵשׁ וּמַנְהִיג בִּשְׁנֵי מִינִים שֶׁאֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, דּוּמְיָא דְּשׁוֹר וַחֲמוֹר, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל שְׁנֵי מִינִים, בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם טְמֵאִים בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם טְהוֹרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לכלאים – the (forbidden) coupling of heterogenous animals, even though it is written (Leviticus 19:19): “You shall not let your cattle mate with a different kind.” This is also wildlife and birds included, for we derive "בהמה" "בהמה from Shabbat. And the same law applies to all two kinds of cattle, wildlife and birds. But, however, regarding the legal decision of the Halakha from the Torah, he is not liable other than someone who ploughs or leads with the two species [of same kind of animal] where one is ritually impure and the other is ritually pure, similar to an ox and an ass, but the Sages stated that [it means] any two species whether they are both ritually impure or whether they are ritually pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:8)

**וּלְשַׁבָּת.** דִּכְתִיב שׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמוֹרְךָ וְכָל בְּהֶמְתֶּךָ, וְחַיָּה בִּכְלַל בְּהֵמָה. וְכָל, רִבּוּיָא הוּא, לְרַבּוֹת עוֹפוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לשבת – as it is written (Deuteronomy 5:14): “your ox, or your ass, or any of your cattle.” But wildlife is within the category of cattle and every extension of scope/amplification is to include birds.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Kamma 5:7:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Kamma/r/5:7:9)

**שֶׁדִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהֹוֶה.** בְּדָבָר הָרָגִיל לִהְיוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שדבר הכתוב בהווה – a thing that regularly happens.