## Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia Chapter 4

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:1:1)

**הַזָּהָב קוֹנֶה אֶת הַכֶּסֶף.** כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּב לִהְיוֹת מַטְבֵּעַ וְחָרִיף לִנָּתֵן בְּהוֹצָאָה, דִּין מָעוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ קוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁכְּנֶגְדּוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָשׁוּב מַטְבֵּעַ וְאֵינוֹ חָרִיף בְּהוֹצָאָה כְמוֹתוֹ. וּמִי שֶׁאֵין טִבְעוֹ חָשׁוּב וְחָרִיף, דִּין פֵּרוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ, וּמְשִׁיכָתוֹ הוּא קִיּוּם דָּבָר. לְפִיכָךְ מִכִּי מָשַׁךְ הָאֶחָד דִּינְרֵי זָהָב, קָנָה הַשֵּׁנִי דִּינְרֵי כֶסֶף בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהֵם, וְאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. דְּדִינְרֵי זָהָב הֲווּ פֵּרוֹת לְגַבֵּי דִּינְרֵי כֶסֶף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הזהב קונה את הכסף – Each thing that is considered to be a coin and currently passing to be given in expenditure (of money), it has the law of coinage. But where it is not considered to be a coin and currently passing, it has the law of merchandise. And his taking possession by drawing towards one’s self the object to be acquired is the establishment of the matter. Therefore, from when one draws [towards oneself] the gold denar, the second has acquired the silver denar in whatever place they are, and neither one of them can retract in this, for the golden denars are [considered] produce in regard to the silver denars.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:1:2)

**וְהַכֶּסֶף אֵינוֹ קוֹנֶה אֶת הַזָּהָב.** דְּדִינְרֵי כֶּסֶף שֶׁהֵם חֲרִיפִים בְּהוֹצָאָה, דִּין מָעוֹת יֵשׁ לָהֶם לְגַבֵּי דִּינְרֵי זָהָב. וְאִם מָשַׁךְ הָאֶחָד דִּינַר כֶּסֶף, לֹא קָנָה הָאַחֵר דִּינַר זָהָב עַד שֶׁיִּמְשֹׁךְ, דְּמָעוֹת אֵינָן קוֹנוֹת. וְהַיְנוּ טַעֲמָא נַמִּי שֶׁנְּחֹשֶׁת קוֹנֶה אֶת הַכֶּסֶף, דִּפְרוּטוֹת שֶׁל נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁאֵין טִבְעָן חָשׁוּב כָּל כָּךְ, הֲווּ פֵּירֵי לְגַבֵּי דִינְרֵי כֶסֶף, וְהַכֶּסֶף אֵינוֹ קוֹנֶה אֶת הַנְּחֹשֶׁת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והכסף אינו קונה את הזהב – since the silver denars are currently passing in expenditure [of money], they have the law of money with regard to golden denars. And if one [of them] pulled the silver denars, the other did not acquire the golden denars, until he pulls [the golden denars], for the money does not purchase, and that is the reason also why cooper acquires the silver, for pennies of copper whose passing is not so important [in the expenditure of money], they are produce in regard to the silver denars, and the silver does not purchase the copper.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:1:3)

**מָעוֹת הָרָעוֹת.** שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מעות הרעות – which became invalidated


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:1:4)

**אֲסִימוֹן.** שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בְּמִדַּת הַמַּטְבֵּעַ הַיּוֹצֵא אֶלָּא שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא טִבְּעוּ עָלָיו צוּרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אסימון – that was made in the manner of current coinage but it still had not stamped upon it a feature.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:1:5)

**כָּל הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין קוֹנִין זֶה אֶת זֶה.** אִם הֶחְלִיף אֵלּוּ בְּאֵלּוּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁמָּשַׁךְ הָאֶחָד קָנָה חֲבֵרוֹ. וְהַאי כָּל, לַאֲתוֹיֵי אֲפִלּוּ כִּיס מָלֵא מָעוֹת בְּכִיס מָלֵא מָעוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל המיטלטלין קונין זה את זה – if he exchanged these for those, since the one that pulled/drew towards one’s self, the other fellow acquired [the other object]. And this word כל/”all” – includes even a purse filled with money [in exchange] for a purse filled with money.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:2:1)

**נָתַן לוֹ מָעוֹת וְלֹא מָשַׁךְ הֵימֶנּוּ פֵּרוֹת יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ.** זֶה וָזֶה. וְתַקָּנַת חֲכָמִים הִיא. דִּדְבַר תּוֹרָה מָעוֹת קוֹנוֹת, כִּדְאַשְׁכְּחַן גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ דִּכְתִיב וְנָתַן הַכֶּסֶף וְקָם לוֹ, וּמַה טַּעַם אָמְרוּ מְשִׁיכָה קוֹנָה וְלֹא מָעוֹת, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יַנִּיחַ לוֹקֵחַ מִקְּחוֹ בְּבֵית מוֹכֵר זְמַן מְרֻבֶּה, וְתִפֹּל דְּלֵקָה בִּשְׁכוּנַת הַמּוֹכֵר וְלֹא יָחוּשׁ לִטְרֹחַ וּלְהַצִּיל, לְפִיכָךְ הֶעֱמִידוּם בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ אִם יִרְצֶה, דְּכֵיוָן דְּאִם יִתְיַקְּרוּ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ יִתְיַקֵּר וְיַחְזֹר בּוֹ מִן הַמֶּכֶר וִיהֵא הַשָּׂכָר שֶׁלּוֹ, כְּדִידֵיהּ חָשֵׁיב לְהוּ וְטָרַח וּמַצִּיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נתן לו מעות ולא משך ממנו פירות יכול לחזור בו – [both] this one and that one. And it is an ordinance of the Sages, for according to the Written Torah, money does acquire, as we found concerning property dedicated to the Temple, as it is written (Leviticus 27:19): “[and he shall give the money] and it shall pass to him.” And what is the reason that they said that pulling/drawing towards one’s self acquires and not money? It is a decree lest the purchaser leave his acquisition in the seller’s house for long time and a fire spreads in the seller’s neighborhood and he would not be troubled to do what was required to save [what he sold]. Therefore, they placed them in his permission to retract from it (i.e., the sale) if he desired, for since if they increased in value while in his possession, it would increase [in value] and he would retract from the sale and the profit would be his. It is considered by them to be his and he would go to the trouble to save [it].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:2:2)

**אֲבָל אָמְרוּ מִי שֶׁפָּרַע וְכוּ'.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ, אוֹרְרִין אוֹתוֹ בְּבֵית דִּין וְאוֹמְרִים עָלָיו מִי שֶׁפָּרַע מִדּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל וּמִדּוֹר הַפַּלָּגָה וּמֵאַנְשֵׁי סְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וּמִן הַמִּצְרִיִּים שֶׁשָּׁטְפוּ בַּיָּם, הוּא עָתִיד לִפָּרַע מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד בְּדִבּוּרוֹ. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֶת מְעוֹתָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל אמרו מי שפרע וכו' – even though he is able to retract from [the sale]. We curse him in the Jewish court and say about him: He who punished the men of the generation of the Flood and from the generation which witnessed the separation of races (i.e., the Tower of Babel) and from the men of Sodom and Gomorrah and from the Egyptians who drowned in the sea, he will punish him who does not stand by his word (although the court cannot compel him – see Tosefta Bava Metzia 3:14; Talmud Bava Metzia 47b), and afterward he returns to him his money.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:2:3)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר כָּל שֶׁהַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדוֹ יָדוֹ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה.** רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אַמִּלְּתֵיהּ דְּתַנָּא קַמָּא קָאֵי דְּאָמַר נָתַן לוֹ מָעוֹת וְלֹא מָשַׁךְ מִמֶּנּוּ פֵּרוֹת יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ בֵּין מוֹכֵר בֵּין לוֹקֵחַ, וַאֲתָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לְמֵימַר דְּזִמְנִין דְּמִי שֶׁהַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדוֹ דְּהַיְנוּ הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁקִּבֵּל אֶת הַכֶּסֶף יָדוֹ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וּבְיָדוֹ לְקַיֵּם אֶת הַמֶּכֶר אִם יִרְצֶה וְאֵין הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיְתָה עֲלִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל לוֹקֵחַ שְׂכוּרָה אֵצֶל הַמּוֹכֵר, דְּהַשְׁתָּא אִם הַמּוֹכֵר רוֹצֶה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַמֶּכֶר קַיָּם אֵין הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא מָשַׁךְ, דְּטַעְמָא מַאי אָמוּר רַבָּנָן מְשִׁיכָה קוֹנָה וְלֹא מָעוֹת, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יֹאמַר לוֹ מוֹכֵר לַלּוֹקֵחַ נִשְׂרְפוּ חִטֶּיךָ בַּעֲלִיָּה, הָכָא דַּעֲלִיָּה דְלוֹקֵחַ הִיא, אִי נָפְלָה דְלֵקָה אִיהוּ טָרַח וְמַיְתֵי לָהּ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. אֶלָּא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֲלִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל לוֹקֵחַ שְׂכוּרָה אֵצֶל הַמּוֹכֵר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא מָשַׁךְ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ בֵּין לוֹקֵחַ בֵּין מוֹכֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי שמעון אומר: כל שהכסף בידו ידו על העליונה – Rabbi Shimon is referring to the matter of the First Tanna/teacher [of our Mishnah] who said: “he gave him money, but [the other] did not draw from him towards himself the merchandise – may retract,” whether it is the seller or the purchaser, and Rabbi Shimon comes to say that sometimes the person who has the money in his hand, the seller, who received the money, has the upper hand, and it is in hand to uphold the sale if he wants, but the purchaser cannot retract in it, such as [for example], the attic of the purchaser was lent to the seller, for now if the seller wishes that the sale is upheld, the purchaser cannot retract, even though he has not pulled the object towards himself. And what is the reason why the Rabbis have stated that “pulling” acquires and not money? It is a decree lest the seller will say to the purchaser: “your wheat has burned in the attic;” here where it is the attic of the purchaser, if a fire broke out , he would trouble himself and bring it (i.e., the wheat). But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon, but rather, even though the attic of the purchaser has been lent to the seller, all the while that he has not drawn [the wheat] towards himself, he can retract, whether he is the purchaser or the seller.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:3:1)

**הָאוֹנָאָה אַרְבָּעָה כֶסֶף.** אַרְבָּעָה מָעוֹת כֶּסֶף שֶׁהֵם שֵׁשׁ מָעוֹת בְּדִינָר, וְהַסֶּלַע אַרְבַּע דִּינָרִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האונאה ארבעה כסף – four silver MAOT in which there are six MAOT in a denar, and the SELAH is four denarim.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:3:2)

**מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע כֶּסֶף לַסֶּלַע.** אִם הָיָה הַמִּקָּח בִּדְמֵי הַסֶּלַע שֶׁהוּא עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע מָעוֹת, דְּהַשְׁתָּא הַוְיָא אוֹנָאָה שְׁתוּת לַמִּקָּח, חַיָּב לְהָשִׁיב לוֹ כָּל אוֹנָאָתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה כֶסֶף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מעשרים וארבעה כסף לסלע – if the purchase was in SELAH monies which is twenty-four MAOT, for now it would be that overcharging is one-sixth to the purchase, he would be liable to restore to him all of his overcharging [which is] four silver [coins].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:3:3)

**עַד מָתַי מֻתָּר לְהַחֲזִיר.** מִי שֶׁנִּתְאַנָּה. וְהָא דְּנָקַט לְשׁוֹן מֻתָּר, לְאַשְׁמוֹעִינַן דְּלֵיכָּא אֲפִלּוּ מִי שֶׁפָּרַע לְהַחֲזִיר הַמִּקָּח אוֹ שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אוֹנָאָתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד מתי מותר להחזיר – he who was defrauded, and that the Mishnah used the language of מותר/”permitted” to teach us that it is not possible, for even he who is punished to return the purchase or that he should give him [back] his overcharge.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:3:4)

**עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּרְאֶה.** הַמִּקָּח לְתַגָּר אוֹ לְאֶחָד מִקְּרוֹבָיו. וְאִם שָׁהָה יוֹתֵר, מָחַל עַל אוֹנָאָתוֹ. וְהַמּוֹכֵר לְעוֹלָם חוֹזֵר, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין הַמִּקָּח בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁיּוּכַל לְהַרְאוֹת לְתַגָּר אוֹ לִקְרוֹבוֹ אִם נִתְאַנָּה. וְאִם נוֹדָע שֶׁבָּא לְיָדוֹ דָּבָר כַּיּוֹצֵא בְּמִמְכָּרוֹ וְיָדַע שֶׁטָּעָה וְשָׁתַק וְלֹא תָבַע, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר וְלִתְבֹּעַ, שֶׁהֲרֵי מָחַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד כדי שיראה – the purchase to the traveling merchant or to his relatives. And if he delayed further, he renounced on his overcharging and the seller will always retract, for the purchase is not in his hands that he is would be able to show it to the traveling merchant or to his relatives if he had been overcharged. And if it becomes known that a thing came into his hands like that which is similar to his sale and he knows that he erred and was silent and did not make a claim, he cannot retract and make a claim for he has renounced it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:3:5)

**וְשָׂמְחוּ תַגָּרֵי לוֹד.** שֶׁהָיוּ בְּקִיאִין בִּסְחוֹרָה וּמוֹכְרִין בְּיֹקֶר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושמחו תגרי לוד – who were experts in business and sell at a high price. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Tarfon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:4:1)

**אֵין אוֹנָאָה לְתַגָּר.** מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בָּקִי וּמִסְּתָמָא אַחוֹלֵי אַחִיל גַּבֵּיהּ, וְהַאי דְּזַבְּנָא הָכִי, מִשּׁוּם דְּאִתְרַמֵּי לֵיהּ זְבִינָא אַחֲרִיתִי, וְהַשְׁתָּא הוּא דְּקָבָעֵי לְמִהֲדַר בֵּיהּ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין אונאה לתגר – because is an expert and without further qualification pardons him, and this that he sold, because it happened by chance another sale. And now, it had been established to retract. Bu the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:4:2)

**מִי שֶׁהֻטַּל עָלָיו יָדוֹ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה.** מִי שֶׁנִּתְאַנָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מי שהוטל עליו ידו על העליונה – he who was defrauded.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:4:3)

**תֶּן לִי מְעוֹתַי.** אִם נִתְאַנָּה לוֹקֵחַ. וּמַתְנִיתִין רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא הִיא. וְלֵית הִלְכָתָא כְּוָתֵיהּ, אֶלָּא אִם הָאוֹנָאָה שְׁתוּת, קָנָה וּמַחֲזִיר אוֹנָאָה. יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁתוּת, בָּטֵל מִקָּח:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
תן לי מעותי – if the purchaser had been defrauded. And our Mishnah is according to Rabbi Yehuda the Prince. But the Halakha is not according to him, but rather if overcharging is one-sixth, he purchased and returns the overcharged [amount]. If it is greater than one-sixth, the purchase is nullified.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:5:1)

**כַּמָּה תְהֵא סֶלַע חֲסֵרָה.** מַטְבֵּעַ הַיּוֹצֵא וְתָמִיד הוּא שׁוֹחֵק וְחָסֵר, כַּמָּה תֶחְסַר וְאִם הוֹצִיאָהּ לֹא תְהֵא אוֹנָאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כמה תהא סלע חסרה – current coinage it is always rubbed and is lacking [in its weight]. How much should it be lacking and if one spent it there would be no fraudulent representation (which would invalidate the transaction)?


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:5:2)

**אַרְבַּע אִסָּרִין.** לְסֶלַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ארבעה איסרין – for every Sela.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:5:3)

**אִסָּר לְדִינָר.** וְהוּא אֶחָד מִן עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה בּוֹ. דְּשֵׁשׁ מָעָה כֶסֶף הוּא דִּינָר, מָעָה שְׁנֵי פֻנְדְּיוֹנִים, פֻּנְדְּיוֹן שְׁנֵי אִסָּרִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
איסר לדינר – and it is one out of twenty-four, for six Me’ah of silver is a Denar, a M’ah is two Pundiyonim and a Pundiyon is two Issarim.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:5:4)

**אַרְבָּעָה פֻנְדְּיוֹנִים.** אֶחָד מִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ארבעה פונדיונים – one out of twelve.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:5:5)

**שְׁמֹנָה פֻנְדְּיוֹנוֹת.** שְׁתוּת. כִּשְׁאָר אוֹנָאָה. וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמונה פונדיונים – one-sixth, and such is the Halakha.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:1)

**בַּכְּרַכִּים.** שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם שֻׁלְחָנִי, עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּרְאֶה לַשֻּׁלְחָנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בכרכים – where there is a money-changer; until he can show it to the money-changer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:2)

**בַּכְּפָרִים.** שֶׁאֵין שָׁם שֻׁלְחָנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בכפרים – where there is no money-changer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:3)

**עַד עַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת.** שֶׁבָּא לְהוֹצִיא בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לִסְעוּדַת שַׁבָּת, אָז יֵדַע אִם יוּכַל לְהוֹצִיאָהּ וִיקַבְּלוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד ערבי שבתות – who comes to spend it on Fridays for Sabbath meals, for then he would know if he is able to spend it and receive it (i.e., its equivalent value) from him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:4)

**וְאִם הָיָה מַכִּירָהּ.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, וְאִם חָסִיד הוּא וְרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת לִפְנִים מִשּׁוּרַת הַדִּין, אִם מַכִּיר שֶׁהִיא הַסֶּלַע שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ, יְקַבְּלֶנָּה מִמֶּנּוּ אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם היה מכירה – this is how it should be understood: if he is a righteous individual, and wants to act with equity, if he recognizes that it is the Selah that he gave him, he will accept it from him even after twelve months.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:5)

**וְאֵין לוֹ עָלָיו אֶלָּא תַרְעֹמֶת.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, וְאַחֵר שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָסִיד וְלֹא רָצָה לְקַבְּלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ, אֵין לָזֶה עָלָיו אֶלָּא תַרְעֹמֶת. דְּאִיהוּ הוּא דְּאַפְסֵיד אַנַּפְשֵׁיהּ שֶׁלֹּא הֶחְזִירוֹ בִּזְמַנּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואין לו עליו אלא תרעומת – this is how it should be understood: and the other who is not a righteous individual and did not want to accept it from him, he has nothing against him other than a complaint/quarrel against him; and he himself who caused him personal loss, in that he did not return it at the appropriate time.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:6:6)

**וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי.** אַחֲסֵרָה כְּדֵי אוֹנָאָה קָאֵי. וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּשָׁוְיָהּ, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ מִשּׁוּם אֲסִימוֹן שֶׁאֵין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מִתְחַלֵּל אֶלָּא בְּמַטְבֵּעַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ צוּרָה, דְּשֵׁם מַטְבֵּעַ יֵשׁ עָלָיו, דְּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹקְחָהּ בְּשָׁוְיָהּ בְּתוֹרַת מַטְבֵּעַ אֶלָּא כְּמוֹ נִסְכָּא שֶׁל כֶּסֶף, אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא נֶפֶשׁ רָעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונותנה למעשר שני – he is speaking of the loss according to the measure of fraud, and he gives it for Second Tithe at its equivalent value, and does not worry because of the uncoined metal which Second Tithe cannot be redeemed for other than a coin which has a form, for it has the name of a coin upon it, and whomever does not take it at its equivalent value as a valid coin, other that something like a piece of silver or gold bar (as opposed to a coined metal), is not other than an evil person.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:7:1)

**הָאוֹנָאָה אַרְבָּעָה כֶסֶף.** לְמִקָּח סֶלַע שֶׁהוּא עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע מָעוֹת כֶּסֶף. נִמְצָא הָאוֹנָאָה שְׁתוּת כִּדְאָמְרָן. וְחָזַר וּשְׁנָאָה מִשּׁוּם דְּבָעֵי לְמִתְנֵי הַטַּעֲנָה שְׁתֵּי כֶסֶף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האונאה ארבעה כסף – for the purchase of a Selah which is a twenty-four silver Ma’ot. It is found that fraud is one-sixth as we have said. And [the Tanna of the Mishnah] repeated it because he had to teach about pleas/claims which are two silver Ma’ot (see Mishnah Shevuot, Chapter 6, Mishnah 1).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:7:2)

**וְהַטַּעֲנָה שְׁתֵּי כֶסֶף.** שֶׁאֵין שְׁבוּעַת הַדַּיָּנִים עַל טַעֲנָה שֶׁהִיא פְּחוּתָה מִשְּׁתֵּי כֶסֶף, שֶׁטָּעֲנוֹ שָׁוֶה שְׁתֵּי מָעוֹת כֶּסֶף יֵשׁ לִי בְּיָדְךָ, וְזֶה יוֹדֶה לוֹ מֵהֶם שָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה וְיִכְפֹּר הַשְּׁאָר, אוֹ יוֹדֶה לוֹ הַכֹּל וְיִכְפֹּר פְּרוּטָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הטענה שתי כסף – for there is no oath imposed by the judges on a claim which is less than two silver [M’ah], for his plea is equivalent to two silver M’ah that I have in your hand, and he would admit from them the equivalent of a Perutah/penny, and denies the rest, or he admits to the entire thing and denies a Perutah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:7:3)

**וְהַהוֹדָאָה שָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה.** לִהְיוֹת הוֹדָאָה בְּמִקְצָת וְיִתְחַיֵּב שְׁבוּעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ההודאה שוה פרוטה – to be a partial admission that he would be liable to take an oath.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:7:4)

**הַמּוֹצֵא שָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה.** אֲבָל בָּצִיר מֵהָכִי אֵינוֹ חַיָּב לְהַכְרִיז, דִּכְתִיב (דברים כב) אֲשֶׁר תֹּאבַד מִמֶּנּוּ, פְּרָט לַאֲבֵדָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המוצא שוה פרוטה – but less than this, he is not obligated to announce, as it is written (Deuteronoomy 22:3): “[…and so too shall you do with anything] that your fellow loses [and you find: you must not remain indifferent],” except for a lost object that is not worth the equivalent of a Perutah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:7:5)

**יוֹלִיכֶנּוּ אַחֲרָיו.** אִם הוֹדָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּע לַשֶּׁקֶר, דְּאָז אֵין לוֹ כַּפָּרָה עַד שֶׁיַּחְזִירֶנּוּ לְיָדוֹ מַמָּשׁ וְלֹא לְיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר ה) וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יוליכנו אחריו – if he admit that he swore falsely, for then, he has no atonement until he actually returns it to his hand, and not to the hand of his agent, as it is written (Numbers 5:7): “…giving to him who he has wronged.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:1)

**הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה.** גְּדוֹלָה. זָר שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה בְשׁוֹגֵג:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האוכל תרומה – the Great [Priest’s Due] (i.e., 2%). A foreigner (i.e., non-Kohen) who ate the Great Terumah/Priest’s Due.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:2)

**וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר.** מַעֲשֵׂר מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ותרומת מעשר – a tithe from a tithe (i.e., the gift that the Levite gives to a Kohen – one-tenth of what he receives).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:3)

**וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי.** הַלּוֹקֵחַ תְּבוּאָה מֵעַם הָאָרֶץ, צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, אֲבָל לֹא תְרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה, שֶׁהָיוּ הַכֹּל זְהִירִים בָּהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ותורמת מעשר של דמאי – He who purchases grain from an ignoramus, needs to separate the tenth-of-a-tenth, but not the Great Priest’s Due, for everyone was careful with it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:4)

**וְהַחַלָּה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים.** כָּל הָנֵי חֲמִשָּׁה חַד נִינְהוּ, דְּכֻלְּהוּ אִקְּרוּ תְּרוּמָה, וּמִשֵּׁם אֶחָד הֵם בָּאִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחלה וביכורים – all of these five are one, and all of them are called “Terumah”/Priest’s Due, and from one denomination they come.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:5)

**נֶטַע רְבָעִי.** גָּמַר קֹדֶשׁ קֹדֶשׁ מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי דְּמוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ. וְתַרְוַיְהוּ נַמִּי חַד חָשֵׁיב לְהוּ, דְּמֵחַד קְרָא נַפְקֵי כֵּיוָן דְּמִמַּעֲשֵׂר יָלֵיף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נטע רבעי – he derives "קודש"/”holy” (Leviticus 19:27) from "קודש" /”holy” (Leviticus 27:30) from Second Tithe, that one adds one fifth, and both of them are all considered one thing, since from one Biblical verse they are derived, since they are derived from Second Tithe.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:6)

**וּמַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ.** דַּוְקָא. מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ, דְּאִישׁ מִמַּעַשְׂרוֹ כְּתִיב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומעשר שני שלו – exactly, and he adds one-fifth, since it is written (Leviticus 27:31): “[If anyone wishes to redeem] any of his tithes, he must add one fifth to them.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:7)

**הֶקְדֵּשׁוֹ.** וְלֹא שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים, הַמַּקְדִּישׁ כְּתִיב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הקדשו – and not of others, for the word "המקדיש"/”who consecrates (Leviticus 27:19 – “And if he who consecrates the land wishes to redeem it, he must add one-fifth to the sum at which it was assessed, and it shall pass to him.”) is written.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:8:8)

**הַנֶּהֱנֶה.** בְּשׁוֹגֵג, חַיָּב קָרְבַּן מְעִילָה וְחֹמֶשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנהנה – inadvertently, is liable for a sacrifice of sacrilege (i.e., unlawful use of sacred property) and one-fifth.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:1)

**אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אוֹנָאָה וְכוּ'.** דְּאָמַר קְרָא (ויקרא כה) וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר לַעֲמִיתֶךָ אוֹ קָנֹה מִיַּד עֲמִיתֶךָ, דָּבָר הַנִּקְנֶה מִיָּד לְיָד, יָצְאוּ קַרְקָעוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן מִטַּלְטְלִין, יָצְאוּ עֲבָדִים שֶׁהֻקְשׁוּ לַקַּרְקָעוֹת. יָצְאוּ שְׁטָרוֹת, דִּכְתִיב וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר, דָּבָר שֶׁגּוּפוֹ מָכוּר וְגוּפוֹ קָנוּי, יָצְאוּ שְׁטָרוֹת שֶׁאֵינָם עוֹמְדִים אֶלָּא לָרְאָיָה שֶׁבָּהֶן. הֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת, אָמַר קְרָא אָחִיו, אָחִיו וְלֹא הֶקְדֵּשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלו דברים שאין להם אונאה וכו' – as Scripture states (Leviticus 25:14): “When you sell property to your neighbor, or buy any from your neighbor, [you shall not wrong one another],” a thing that is acquired from hand to hand, excluding land which are not movables, excluding slaves which is juxtaposed to land; excluding documents. As it is written (Leviticus 25:14): “When you sell property…” a thing whose essence is sold and whose essence is bought, excluding documents which do not stand other than for seeing what is in them. Things dedicated to the Sanctuary/Temple, Scripture states, “[you shall not wrong] one another/one’s brother, and not dedicated to the Temple.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:2)

**לֹא תַשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל.** דִּכְתִיב בְּטוֹעֵן טַעֲנַת גַּנָּב (שמות כב) עַל כָּל דְּבַר פֶּשַׁע, כְּלָל. עַל שׁוֹר עַל חֲמוֹר וְכוּ', פְּרָט. עַל כָּל אֲבֵדָה, חָזַר וְכָלַל. כְּלָל וּפְרָט וּכְלָל, אִי אַתָּה דָּן אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַפְּרָט. מָה הַפְּרָט מְפֹרָשׁ דָּבָר הַמִּטַּלְטֵל וְגוּפוֹ מָמוֹן, אַף כָּל דָּבָר הַמִּטַּלְטֵל וְגוּפוֹ מָמוֹן. יָצְאוּ קַרְקָעוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן מִטַּלְטְלִין. יָצְאוּ עֲבָדִים שֶׁהֻקְשׁוּ לַקַּרְקָעוֹת. יָצְאוּ שְׁטָרוֹת שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם מִטַּלְטְלִין אֵין גּוּפָן מָמוֹן. הֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת, אָמַר קְרָא רֵעֵהוּ, רֵעֵהוּ וְלֹא הֶקְדֵּשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא תשלומי כפל – it is written in the pleading of the claim of the thief (Exodus 22:8): “In all charges of misappropriation” – a generalization; “pertaining to an ox, an ass, etc.,” – a specification; “or any other loss” – he has returned and made a generalization. A generalization, a specification and a generalization, you only judge what is like the specification. Just as the specification is explained as something that is movable and its essence is money, , even all things that are movable and its essence is money. This excludes land which is not movable. This excludes slaves which are juxtaposed to land. This excludes documents even though they are movable, their essence is not money. Dedications to the Temple, Scripture said, “to his neighbor/fellow” (Exodus 22:8); his neighbor/fellow, and not to that which is dedicated to the Temple.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:3)

**וְלֹא תַשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה.** אִם גָּנַב וְטָבַח וּמָכַר שׁוֹר אוֹ שֶׂה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ. דְּתַשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא וְלֹא תַשְׁלוּמֵי שְׁלֹשָׁה לְשֶׂה וְאַרְבָּעָה לְשׁוֹר, דְּכֵיוָן דְּאַמְעִיט מִכֶּפֶל, בָּצִיר לְהוּ חֲדָא, שֶׁהַכֶּפֶל בְּטוֹבֵחַ וּמוֹכֵר בִּכְלַל תַּשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה הֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא תשלומי ארבעה וחמשה – If a person stole and slaughtered or sold an ox or a sheep dedicated to the Temple, for the four and five-times payment (Exodus 21:37 – “When a man steals an ox or a sheep, and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox, and four sheep for the sheep.”), the All-Merciful stated, and not three-times payment for the sheep and four-times [payment] for the ox, for the since it is excluded from double [payment]. Deduct one from it, for the double [payment] is for someone who slaughters or sells, which are included in the four and five-times payment.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:4)

**נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם.** דִּכְתִיב (שם) כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, כְּלָל. חֲמוֹר אוֹ שׁוֹר אוֹ שֶׂה, פְּרָט. וְכָל בְּהֵמָה לִשְׁמֹר, חָזַר וְכָלַל. כְּלָל וּפְרָט וּכְלָל, אִי אַתָּה דָּן אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַפְּרָט. מָה הַפְּרָט מְפֹרָשׁ דָּבָר הַמִּטַּלְטֵל וְכוּ'. הֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת, אָמַר קְרָא רֵעֵהוּ, וְלֹא הֶקְדֵּשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נושא שכר אינו משלם – as it is written (Exodus 22:9): “When a man gives to another…” – generalization; “ “an ass, an ox, a sheep” – a specification; “or any other animal to guard”- a generalization. A generalization, a specification and a generalization, you do not judge other than what is like the specification. Just as the specification is explained as a thing that is movable, etc. Things dedicated to the Temple – Scripture said: “his fellow/neighbor,” and not something dedicated to the Temple.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:5)

**קָדָשִׁים שֶׁחַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן.** אָמַר הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה וְהִפְרִישָׁהּ, וְהוּמְמָהּ וּמְכָרָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קדשים שחייב באחריותן – He said, a burnt-offering is upon me and he separated it and it became blemished/defective or he sold it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:6)

**יֵשׁ לָהֶם אוֹנָאָה.** דְּכֵיוָן דְּאִם מֵתָה אוֹ נִגְנְבָה חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָהּ, דִּילֵיהּ הִיא, וְאַל תּוֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת אָחִיו קָרִינָא בֵּיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יש להם אונאה – for since if it died or it was stolen, he is liable for it [by replacing it], which is his, and we call it (Leviticus 25:14): “you shall not wrong one another.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:7)

**וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן.** כְּגוֹן דְּאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:8)

**אַף הַמּוֹכֵר סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה.** לְפִי שֶׁאֵין קֵץ לְדָמֶיהָ:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:9:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:9:9)

**מַרְגָּלִית וּבְהֵמָה.** מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָדָם רוֹצֶה לְזַוְּגָן. מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שׁוֹר יָפֶה לַחֲרִישָׁה מְחַזֵּר עַל אַחֵר שֶׁכְּמוֹתוֹ [לְצָמְדוֹ עִמּוֹ בָּעוֹל], שֶׁאִם בָּא לְהַצְמִיד תַּחַת הָעֹל שׁוֹר חַלָּשׁ עִם הַבָּרִיא מְקַלְקֵל אֶת הַבָּרִיא, וְכֵן מַרְגָּלִית נָאָה לְמַלְּאוֹת עִם חֲבֶרְתָּהּ בְּזָהָב מִן הַיְחִידִית. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה לֹא כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְלֹא כְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מרגלית ובהמה – because a person wants to pair them. Whomever has a nice ox for ploughing will go around after another that is like it [to join it with the other with a yoke] for if he comes to join under a yoke a weak ox with a healthy [one], it would ruin the healthy one, and similarly a nice precious stone to be filled with its partner with gold from the individual [stone]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda nor according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:10:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:10:1)

**כָּךְ אוֹנָאָה בִדְבָרִים.** שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה) וְלֹא תוֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת עֲמִיתוֹ וְיָרֵאתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶיךָ, זֶה נֶאֱמַר בְּאוֹנָאַת דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין טוֹבָתָן וְרָעָתָן מְסוּרָה לְהַכִּיר אֶלָּא לְלִבּוֹ שֶׁל מְדַבֵּר שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ אִם לָרָעָה מִתְכַּוֵּן אִם לְטוֹבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל אונאה בדברים – as it is stated (Leviticus 25:17): “Do not wrong one another, but fear your God; [for I the LORD am Your God],” this is stated with regard to the wrong one does with words, for their goodness nor their evil is not given to be recognized other than in the heart of the person who speaks who knows if for evil he intended them or for good.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:1)

**אֵין מְעָרְבִין פֵּרוֹת בְּפֵרוֹת.** בַּעַל הַבַּיִת הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ פֵּרוֹת שְׂדֵה פְלוֹנִי אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ, לֹא יְעָרְבֵם בְּפֵרוֹת שָׂדֶה אַחֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין מערבין פירות בפירות – the house owner who says to his fellow – that the produce of a certain field I am selling to you, he should not mix with them the produce of another field.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:2)

**וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חֲדָשִׁים בִּישָׁנִים.** פָּסַק לִמְכֹּר לוֹ יְשָׁנִים, לֹא יְעָרֵב עִמָּהֶם חֲדָשִׁים. שֶׁהַיְשָׁנִים יְבֵשִׁים וְעוֹשִׂים קֶמַח יוֹתֵר מִן הַחֲדָשִׁים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואין צריך לומר חדשים בישנים – He agreed to sell him old [grain], he should not mix with them new [grain], for the old are dry and make more flour than the new.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:3)

**מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּשְׁבִּיחוֹ.** קָשֶׁה מַשְׁבִּיחַ אֶת הָרַךְ, לְפִיכָךְ פָּסַק עִמּוֹ רַךְ מְעָרֵב בּוֹ קָשֶׁה, אֲבָל פָּסַק עִמּוֹ קָשֶׁה לֹא יְעָרֵב בּוֹ אֶת הָרַךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפני שמשביחו – the hard improves the soft, therefore, if he agreed with him [to sell him] soft and mixes into it hard, but if he agreed with him [to sell him] hard, he should not mix into it the soft.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:4)

**אֵין מְעָרְבִין שִׁמְרֵי יַיִן.** שֶׁל חָבִית זוֹ בְּיַיִן שֶׁל חָבִית אַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין מערבין שמרי יין – from this barrel with wine from a different barrel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:5)

**אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו.** שֶׁל יַיִן עַצְמוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל נותן לו את שמריו – of the wine itself.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:6)

**לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַחֲנוּת.** פְּרוּטָה פְּרוּטָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא ימכרנו בחנות – a penny for a penny.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:7)

**אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הוֹדִיעוֹ.** לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מֵהֶן, מַיִם מְעֹרָבִין בּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלא אם כן הודיע – to each one of them that water is mixed in with it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:8)

**וְלֹא לְתַגָּר.** לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בְּיַחַד וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹקְחוֹ אֶלָּא לְרַמּוֹת וּלְמָכְרוֹ בַּחֲנוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא לתגר – they should not sell them together, and even though they informed him, for he doesn’t take it other than to deceive and to sell it in the store.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:11:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:11:9)

**מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַטִּיל מַיִם בַּיַּיִן.** דַּוְקָא בֵּין הַגִּתּוֹת יַטִּיל. דְּכֵיוָן שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ אֵין כָּאן טָעוּת, שֶׁכָּל הַיֵּינוֹת בְּחֶזְקַת כֵּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מקום שנהגו להטיל מים ביין – and specifically between the vats he can put [water’ for since they practiced thus, there is no error, for all the wines are in the presumption of such.’


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:1)

**הַתַּגָּר נוֹטֵל מֵחָמֵשׁ גְּרָנוֹת.** שֶׁהַכֹּל יוֹדְעִים בּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא גָּדְלוּ בִּשְׂדוֹתָיו וּמִבְּנֵי אָדָם הַרְבֵּה לוֹקֵחַ, וּבְחֶזְקַת כֵּן לוֹקְחִים מִמֶּנּוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
התגר נוטל מחמש גרנות – for everyone knows about him that they were not grown in their fields, and that he purchases from many people and with the presumption that they purchase from him [as well].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:2)

**מְגוּרָה.** אוֹצָר שֶׁאוֹגְרִין בּוֹ תְּבוּאָה. גֹּרֶן, הוּא שֶׁדָּשִׁים בּוֹ אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה. וְדֶרֶךְ הַתַּגָּר לִקְנוֹת מִבַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים בִּשְׁעַת הַגֹּרֶן וּלְהַכְנִיס לַמְּגוּרָה שֶׁלּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מגורה – storehouse where they collect grain. A granary, where they thresh the grain and it is the manner of the traveling merchant to purchase from house owners at the time of the granary and to bring them into his own storage facility.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:3)

**פִּטָּם.** גִּיגִית גְּדוֹלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פיטס – a huge vessel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:4)

**וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לְעָרְבָן.** לְהוֹצִיא קוֹל לִקְנוֹת הָרֹב מִמָּקוֹם מְשֻׁבָּח וּלְעָרֵב בּוֹ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, וּשְׁכֵנָיו סְבוּרִים שֶׁכָּל הַפֵּרוֹת מֵאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובלבד שלא יתכוין לערבן – to publicize to purchase the majority from a praiseworthy place and to mix in it from another place, and his neighbors think that all the produce is from the same place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:5)

**וְלֹא יִפְחֹת אֶת הַשָּׁעַר.** לִמְכֹּר בְּזוֹל. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַרְגִּיל לָבֹא אֶצְלוֹ וּמְקַפֵּחַ מְזוֹנוֹת חֲבֵרָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא יפחות את השער – to sell it cheaply, because he is accustomed to come with him and overwhelms the food of his friends.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:6)

**זָכוּר לָטוֹב.** שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ כָּךְ אוֹצְרֵי פֵרוֹת מוֹכְרִין בְּזוֹל. וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זכור לטוב – and as a result of this, those who store produce sell it cheaply. And this is the Halakha.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:7)

**גְּרִיסִין.** פּוֹלִין גְּרוּסוֹת בָּרֵחַיִם, אַחַת לִשְׁתַּיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
גריסין – beans that are ground in the millstone, one for two.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:8)

**לֹא יָבֹר.** אֶת הַפְּסֹלֶת. לְפִי שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁנִּרְאוֹת יָפוֹת הוּא מַעֲלֶה אֶת דְּמֵיהֶן הַרְבֵּה מִדְּמֵי הַפְּסֹלֶת שֶׁנָּטַל מֵהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא יבור – the worthless matter/refuse , because since hey look nice, he raises their price a great deal from the price of the refuse that he took from them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:9)

**וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין.** שֶׁיָּכוֹל הַלּוֹקֵחַ לִרְאוֹת וּלְהַבְחִין כַּמָּה דְמֵי הַפְּסֹלֶת שֶׁנִּבְרַר, מֵאֵלּוּ שֶׁיֶּשְׁנָן בָּאֲחֵרִים. וְטוֹב לוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת בִּדְמֵיהֶן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵן מְבֹרָרִים, מִפְּנֵי הַטֹּרַח. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים מתירין – for the purpose is able to see and to distinguish how much the refuse that he has sifted costs from those that others have. And it is good for him to raise their price of those that are sifted out of great effort. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:10)

**שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹר מֵעַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה.** לְמַעְלָה לְהַרְאוֹת יָפוֹת, וְאֶת הַפְּסֹלֶת שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ לֹא בָּרַר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלא יבור מעל פי המגורה – upwards to show the nice ones, but the refuse that is within it, he did not sift.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:11)

**לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא כְגוֹנֵב אֶת הָעָיִן.** בִּבְרֵרָתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפי שאינו אלא כגונב את העין – with this sifting.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:12)

**מְפַרְכְּסִין.** מְתַקְּנִין וּמְיַפִּין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפרכסין – they repair them and make them more beautiful.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:12:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bava%20Metzia/r/4:12:13)

**לֹא אֶת הָאָדָם.** עֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי הָעוֹמֵד לִמָּכֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא את הדאם – a Canaanite slave who stands to be sold.