## Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot Chapter 5

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:1:1)

**כָּל פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין.** קָדָשִׁים שֶׁנָּפַל בָּהֶם מוּם, אִם מוֹכְרִין אוֹתָן בְּיֹקֶר, טוֹבַת הֲנָאָה לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ הוּא. הִלְכָּךְ נִמְכָּרִים בָּאִטְלִיז, דְּהַיְנוּ שׁוּק שֶׁמּוֹכְרִים בּוֹ שְׁאָר בְּשַׂר חֻלִּין וְשָׁם נִמְכָּר בְּיֹקֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל פסולי המוקדשין (all consecrated animals that are disqualified) – Holy Things that had a blemish befall them, if we sell them at a high price, it is a benefit of discretion to Temple property. Therefore, they are sold in the bazaar/shop, that is the marketplace where they sell in the rest of the unconsecrated meat and there it is sold at a high price.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:1:2)

**וְנִשְׁקָלִין בְּלִטְרָא.** לְהִמָּכֵר כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהַקַּצָּבִים מוֹכְרִים בְּשַׂר חֻלִּין. דְּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁיְּכוֹלִים לִמְכֹּר בְּיֹקֶר מוֹסִיפִים בַּדָּמִים כְּשֶׁפּוֹדִים אוֹתָם מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונשקלין בליטרא – to be sold in the manner that the butchers sell unconsecrated meat, for since they are able to sell it at a high price, they add to its worth when they redeem them from Temple property.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:1:3)

**חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר.** שֶׁאִם נִמְכָּרִים בְּיֹקֶר הֲנָאָתָן לַבְּעָלִים. בְּכוֹר הֲנָאָתוֹ לַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְשַׂר בְּכוֹר נֶאֱכָל לְכָל אָדָם וְהַכֹּהֵן מוֹכְרוֹ וְנוֹטֵל דָּמָיו, וְלַכֹּהֵן קָרֵי בְּעָלִים שֶׁל בְּכוֹר. וּמִשּׁוּם הֲנָאַת הֶדְיוֹט לֹא מְזַלְזְלִינַן בַּקָּדָשִׁים לִנְהֹג בָּהֶן מִנְהַג חֻלִּין לְמָכְרָן בָּאִטְלִיז, אֶלָּא בְּבֵיתוֹ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יִקְפְּצוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם כָּל כָּךְ. וְאֵין נִשְׁקָלִים בְּלִטְרָא אֶלָּא בְאֹמֶד, וְאִם יַפְסִיד לֵית לָן בָּהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מן הבכור ומן המעשר – that if they are sold at a high price their benefit is to owners. The firstling, its benefit is to the Kohen, for the meat of a firstling is consumed by everyone, but the Kohen sells it and takes its monetary worth, for the Kohen is called the owners of the firstling. But because of the benefit of the regular individual/commoner, we do not treat lightly Holy Things to treat them with the custom of unconsecrated things to sell them in a bazaar/shop, but rather in his house, and even though people will not cut the meat so much. But they are not measured with a litra but rather by estimation, and if he loses [a bit], it does not matter.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:1:4)

**וְשׁוֹקְלִין מָנָה כְנֶגֶד מָנָה בַּבְּכוֹר.** שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ חֲתִיכַת בְּשַׂר חֻלִּין שֶׁנִּשְׁקְלָה בְּלִטְרָא יָכוֹל לִשְׁקֹל בְּשַׂר בְּכוֹר כְּנֶגְדָּהּ. אֲבָל מַעֲשֵׂר אֵין שׁוֹקְלִים מָנָה כְּנֶגֶד מָנָה, דְּמֵחֲזֵי כְאִלּוּ מוֹכְרוֹ, וּבֶהֱמַת מַעֲשֵׂר אָסוּר לְמָכְרָהּ כְּלָל מִשּׁוּם דְּלֹא כְתִיב בָּהּ לֹא יִפָּדֶה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּבְּכוֹר אֶלָּא לֹא יִגָּאֵל, וְשָׁנִינוּ בְּסִפְרִי בְּכוֹר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ לֹא יִפָּדֶה, הוּא נִמְכָּר, מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ לֹא יִגָּאֵל אֵינוֹ נִמְכָּר לֹא חַי וְלֹא שָׁחוּט וְלֹא תָמִים וְלֹא בַעַל מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושוקלין מנה כנגד מנה – that if he has a piece of unconsecrated meat that is weighted in the litra, he can weigh the meat of a firstling against it. But tithes we don’t weigh a Maneh against a Maneh, for at it appears as if he sells it, and the tithe of cattle it is prohibited to sell it at all because it is not written regarding it (see Numbers 18:17): “[But the firstlings of cattle, sheep, or goats] may not be redeemed,” in the manner that it is written regarding a firstling but rather (Leviticus 27:33): “[If he does make substitution for it, then it and its substitute shall both be holy:] it cannot be redeemed/לא יגאל,” and we taught in Sifrei [B’midbar] that regarding a firstling where it states “it cannot be ransomed,” tithes, where it states concerning it, “it shall not be redeemed”, is no sold, neither living nor slaughtered, and not pure and not with a blemish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:1)

**לֹא יִמָּנֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל עִם הַכֹּהֵן.** לֶאֱכֹל עִמּוֹ בַּחֲבוּרָה מִבְּשַׂר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם. שֶׁאֵין נִמְנִין עַל הַבְּכוֹר אֶלָּא חֲבוּרָה שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ כֹּהֲנִים, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יח) וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךָ כַּחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וּכְשׁוֹק הַיָּמִין, מָה חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק כֹּהֲנִים אִין יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא, אַף בְּכוֹר בֵּין תָּמִים בֵּין בַּעַל מוּם כֹּהֲנִים אִין יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא ימנה ישראל עם הכהן – to eat with him in an association from the meat of a firstling with a blemish, for they not numbered regarding the firstling other than in an association that is entirely Kohanim [alone], as it is written (Numbers 18:18): “But their meat shall be yours: it shall be yours like the breast of elevation offering and like the right thigh,” for just as the breast and the thigh are for the Kohanim [only], and not for the Israelite, even the firstling, whether pure or with a blemish, are for the Kohanim [only] and not for the Israelite.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:2)

**וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין וַאֲפִלּוּ נָכְרִי.** דִּכְתִיב (דברים יב) כַּצְּבִי וְכָאַיָּל, מַה צְּבִי וְאַיָּל אֲפִלּוּ נָכְרִי, אַף בְּכוֹר נַמִּי. וּקְרָא דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יח) וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךָ כַּחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וּכְשׁוֹק הַיָּמִין, בִּבְכוֹר תָּמִים דַּוְקָא מִשְׁתַּעֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובית הלל מתירין ואפילו נכרי – as it is written (Deuteronomy 12:15): “[The impure and the pure alike may partake of it,] as of the gazelle and the deer,” just as the gazelle and the deer, even a heathen [may partake of it], even to the firstling also. And Scripture [teaches] as it is written (Numbers 18:18): “But their meat shall be yours:…like the breast of elevation offering and like the right thigh,” and it is speaking specifically about the pure firstling.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:3)

**שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ דָם.** חֹלִי שֶׁהוּא מִסְתַּכֵּן בּוֹ מֵרִבּוּי הַדָּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שאחזו דם – a sick [animal] who is danger from excess blood [letting].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:4)

**אֵין מַקִּיזִין לוֹ דָם.** וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מוּם. דְּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאָדָם בָּהוּל עַל מָמוֹנוֹ, אִי שָׁרֵית לֵיהּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשֶׂה בוֹ מוּם אָתֵי לְמֶעֱבַד בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין מקיזין לו דם – and even in a place where he does not make in it a blemish. For since a person is pressed (see Tractate Pesahim 11a) when his money is at stake, if you permitted him in a place where he does not make a blemish, he would come to make it in a place where one makes in it a blemish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:5)

**וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה בוֹ מוּם.** שֶׁלֹּא יִסְדֹּק רֹאשׁ אָזְנוֹ אוֹ נִיב שְׂפָתָיו בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא יוּכַל לַחֲזֹר וּלְהֵרָפֵא. דְּסָבְרֵי רַבָּנָן כָּל שֶׁכֵּן דְּאִי לֹא שָׁרֵית לֵיהּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מוּם אָתֵי לְמֶעֱבַד אֲפִלּוּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובלבד שלא יעשה בו מום – that he will not tear apart the top of his ear or the top of its lips in the place where it is not able to return and be healed, the Rabbis hold all the more so that if you did not permit him in a place where there is no blemish, he will come to make it even in a place where it has a blemish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:6)

**לֹא יִשָּׁחֵט עָלָיו.** הוֹאִיל וְהוּא הִטִּילוֹ. עַד שֶׁיִּפֹּל בּוֹ מוּם אַחֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא ישחוט עליו – for since and he placed in it [a blemish] until another blemish befalls it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:2:7)

**יַקִּיז.** אַף בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מוּם, אִם הוּא צָרִיךְ לְהַקִּיז מֵאוֹתוֹ אֵבָר. וְלֹא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ שֶׁיָּמוּת. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא הִטִּיל הַמּוּם בְּיָדָיו יִשָּׁחֵט עָלָיו. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יקיז – [he should draw blood] even in the place where he makes a blemish in it, even he needs to let blood from the same limb and not leave it until it dies. But even though he made a blemish with his hands, he should slaughter it. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:1)

**הַצּוֹרֵם.** הַפּוֹגֵם. וּבְכֹהֵן אַיְרֵי, שֶׁפּוֹגֵם אֹזֶן הַבְּכוֹר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה חֻלִּין בְּיָדוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הצורם (he who makes a slit) – he mutilates/disqualifies. And we are speaking of a Kohen, who slits the ear of the firstling in order that it will be unconsecrated in his hand.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:2)

**הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׁחֵט עוֹלָמִית.** וַאֲפִלּוּ נָפַל בּוֹ מוּם אַחֵר. מִשּׁוּם קְנָס, לְפִי שֶׁעָבַר וְהִטִּיל מוּם בַּקָּדָשִׁים. שֶׁהַמַּטִּיל מוּם בַּקָּדָשִׁים סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה מוּם בְּבַעַל מוּם. דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא כב) כָּל מוּם לֹא יִהְיֶה בּוֹ, קָרֵי בֵּיהּ לֹא יְהַיֶּה בּוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יַטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם. וּמִדַּהֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמִכְתַּב מוּם וְכָתַב כָּל מוּם, לְרַבּוֹת אֲפִלּוּ בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁלֹּא יַטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרי זה לא ישחט עולמית – and even if another blemish befell it, because of a fine, because he transgressed and placed a blemish on Holy Things. For a person who places a blemish on Holy Things is flogged forty times (i.e., minus one), and even if he made a blemish upon a blemish. As it is written (Leviticus 22:21): “there must be no defect in it,” it reads, “will not be in it,” that he will not place in it a defect. For it could have been written, “a defect,” but it is written, "כל מום"/”there must be no defect,” to include even a defect that he did not place upon it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:3)

**כְּשֶׁיִּוָּלֵד לוֹ מוּם אַחֵר יִשְׁחֹט עָלָיו.** וַאֲפִלּוּ בְאוֹתוֹ מוּם עַצְמוֹ, אִם מֵת הַמַּטִּיל אֶת הַמּוּם, בְּנוֹ שׁוֹחֵט אַחֲרָיו עַל אוֹתוֹ הַמּוּם. דִּלְדִידֵיהּ קָנְסוּ רַבָּנָן, לִבְרֵיהּ לֹא קָנְסוּ רַבָּנָן. וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כשיולד לו מום אחר ישחט עליו – and even on the same defect itself. If it person who placed the defect on it died, his son slaughters it after him on that defect, but the Rabbis fined him (i.e., the original person who placed he defect on the animal) but the Rabbis did not fine his son. And such is the Halakha.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:4)

**וּשְׂעָרוֹ מְדֻלְדָּל.** לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְזַז מֵעוֹלָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושערו מדולדל – that it was never sheared.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:5)

**קַסְדּוֹר.** מְמֻנֶּה מֵהַמֶּלֶךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קסדור (quaestor) – appointed by the king.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:6)

**מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל זֶה.** שֶׁהִנִּיחוּהוּ לְהַזְקִין כָּל כָּךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מה טיבו של זה- that he left it to be wounded/damaged so much.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:7)

**פִּגְיוֹן.** סַכִּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי פִּיּוֹת קָרוּי פִּגְיוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פגיון – a knife that has two mouths is called a dagger.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:8)

**וְהִתִּירוּהוּ.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַנָּכְרִי נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם, כֵּיוָן דְּשֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעַת יִשְׂרָאֵל עָשָׂה, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לַעֲשׂוֹת נַחַת רוּחַ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והתירוהו – even though that the heathen intended to place upon it a blemish. Since that it was without the knowledge of an Israelite/Jew that he did it, he didn’t intend to do something beneficial to a Jew.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:9)

**רָאָה שֶׁהִתִּירוּ וְהָלַךְ וְצָרַם בְּאָזְנֵי בְכוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים.** כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת נַחַת רוּחַ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. נַעֲשָׂה כְאִלּוּ אָמַר לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ וְאָסוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ראה שהתירוהו והלך וצרם באזני בכורות אחרים – in order to do something beneficial to a Jew, it was done as if the Jew had said to him that he should do it and it is prohibited.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:10)

**הָיוּ תִינוֹקוֹת מְשַׂחֲקִים.** וּצְרִיכָא לְאַשְׁמְעִינַן קַסְדּוֹר נָכְרִי וְתִינוֹקוֹת. דְּאִי אַשְׁמוֹעִינַן קַסְדּוֹר, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא בְנָכְרִי הוּא דְשָׁרֵי דְּלֵיכָּא לְמִגְזַר דִּלְמָא אָתֵי לְמִסְרַךְ וְלִלְמֹד לְהַטִּיל מוּם בַּקָּדָשִׁים, דְּסִרְכֵיהּ דְּנָכְרִי לֹא אִכְפַּת לָן שֶׁהֲרֵי נָהוּג הוּא בְאִסּוּרִין, אֲבָל קָטָן דְּאִי שָׁרֵית לֵיהּ אָתֵי לְמִסְרַךְ אֵימָא לֹא. וְאִי אַשְׁמוֹעִינַן תִּינוֹקוֹת הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא תִינוֹק הוּא דְּשָׁרוּ רַבָּנָן, דְּמַאן דְּחָזֵי לֹא אָתֵי לְמֵימַר נַמִּי אִי הֲוָה שָׁדֵי בֵיהּ גָּדוֹל מוּמָא הֲוָה מִשְׁתְּרֵי, דְּקָטָן בְּגָדוֹל לֹא מִחַלַּף, אֲבָל נָכְרִי גָדוֹל דְּאָתֵי לְאִחַלּוֹפֵי בְגָדוֹל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵימָא לֹא, צְרִיכֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היו תינוקות משחקות – and it is necessary to inform us about a heathen quaestor and young children. For if it had taught [only] the quaestor, I might think that it was a heathen that was permitted for one cannot make a decree for perhaps he comes to hand it over to you and to learn how to make a blemish in Holy Things, for we do not care that it is the habit of heathens for it is their custom in forbidden thigs, but a minor, if he permitted him, he would come to hand it over to you, I would say no. But if we taught only regarding young children, I would think that it was a young child that the Rabbis permitted, for one that is appropriate would not come to state also that an adult who cast upon it a blemish would be permitted, for a minor and an adult are not confused/interchangeable, but an adult heathen who comes to switch with an adult Israelite, I would say no. Both are necessary.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:11)

**כֹּל שֶׁהוּא לְדַעְתּוֹ אָסוּר.** לַאֲתוֹיֵי גְרָמָא. כְּגוֹן שֶׁיּוֹלִיךְ הַבְּהֵמָה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בַּרְזֶל כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּכָּשֵׁל בּוֹ וְיִפֹּל בָּהּ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל שהוא לדעתו אסור – to include an indirect effect. As for example, that he would cause the animal to walk in a place where there is iron in order that it would trip upon it and a blemish would befall it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:3:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:3:12)

**וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ מֻתָּר.** לַאֲתוֹיֵי אִם הָיָה יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵסִיחַ לְפִי תֻּמּוֹ וְאוֹמֵר בִּפְנֵי הַנָּכְרִי בְּכוֹר זֶה אִם נָפַל בּוֹ מוּם הָיִינוּ אוֹכְלִים אוֹתוֹ, וְשָׁמַע הַנָּכְרִי וְהִטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם, מֻתָּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושלא לדעתו מותר – to include that if the Israelite/Jew was making a statement incidentally (i.e., in ignorance of its legal bearing), and states in the presence of the heathen that this firstling if a blemish befell it, that is that we consume it. And the heathen heard and placed upon it a blemish, it is permitted.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:1)

**הָיָה בְכוֹר רוֹדְפוֹ כוּ'‏ הֲרֵי זֶה יִשְׁחֹט עָלָיו.** וְלֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא שֶׁבְּעָטוֹ בִּשְׁעַת רְדִיפָה, אֲבָל שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת רְדִיפָה לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היה בכור רודפו כו' הרי זה ישחט עליו – but the law only applies when he kicked it (i.e., the animal) at the time that of the chase [by the animal of the person], but not when it was not at the time of the chase.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:2)

**הָרְאוּיִין לָבֹא בִידֵי אָדָם.** שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹמַר אָדָם הִטִּילָם בּוֹ. כְּגוֹן נִסְמֵית עֵינוֹ, נִקְטְעָה יָדוֹ, נִסְדְּקָה אָזְנוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הראויין לבוא בידי אדם – that one can say that a person make them (i.e., the blemishes) in it (i.e., the animal), such blinding its eye, cutting off his hand, or slitting its ear.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:3)

**רוֹעִים יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶאֱמָנִים.** יִשְׂרָאֵל הָרוֹעֶה בְּהֶמְתּוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר עַל הַמּוּמִין שֶׁנָּפְלוּ בִּבְהֶמְתּוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן שֶׁמֵאֲלֵיהֶם אֵרְעוּ וְיֹאכְלֶנּוּ בְּעָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן בְּמוּמוֹ. וְלֹא חָשְׁדִינַן לֵיהּ שֶׁמָּא עַל יְדֵי אָדָם בָּא זֶה הַמּוּם בְּכַוָּנָה וְרוֹעֶה זֶה מְשַׁקֵּר וּבָא לְהַתִּירוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁחָטֶנּוּ רַבּוֹ כֹּהֵן וְיַאֲכִילֶנּוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁהַיִּשְׂרָאֵל מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל מִן הַבְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם כְּשֶׁהַכֹּהֵן נוֹתֵן לוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ, בְּהָכִי לֹא חָשְׁדִינַן לֵיהּ, דְּלִלְגִימָה מֻעֶטֶת כָּזוֹ לֹא חָיְשִׁינַן שֶׁיְּשַׁקֵּר הָרוֹעֶה וְיַעֲבֹר עֲבֵרָה בַּעֲבוּר הֲנָאַת לְגִימָה בִּלְבַד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רועים ישראל נאמנים – a Jew who is shepherd of the cattle belonging to a Kohen is believed to state o the blemishes that befell the Kohen’s cattle that they happened on its own, and the Kohen, its owner can consume it with its blemish. But we do not suspect him that perhaps through a person this blemish came intentionally and that this shepherd is lying and he comes to permit it in order that his master the Kohen will slaughter it and feed him from it, for an Israelite/Jew is permitted to eat from the firstling with a blemish when the Kohen gives him [food] from it, for in this we do not suspect him, for a small amount of quaffing like this, we do not suspect that the shepherd would lie and transgress the sin in order for this small quaffing alone (see Talmud Bekhorot 35a – that they are so dependent upon their employers for their bread and butter).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:4)

**רוֹעִים כֹּהֲנִים.** רוֹעִים שֶׁהֵם כֹּהֲנִים: **אֵין נֶאֱמָנִים.** כְּשֶׁרוֹעִים בְּהֶמְתָּן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. דְּנֶחֱשָׁד הַאי כֹּהֵן רוֹעֶה שֶׁהוּא עַצְמוֹ הִטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם, דְּמֵימַר אָמַר הַאי רוֹעֶה, לֹא שָׁבֵיק רַבִּי לְדִידִי וְיַהֲבֵיהּ לְכֹהֵן אַחֲרִינָא. וְהוּא הַדִּין דְּכֹהֵן רוֹעֶה אֵין נֶאֱמָן לְהָעִיד עַל הַבְּכוֹר שֶׁל כֹּהֵן אַחֵר, דְּחָיְשִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִים, דְּסָבַר אֲעִידֶנּוּ עַכְשָׁיו וִיהֵא גוֹמֵל לִי כְּשֶׁיִּתֵּן לִי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכוֹר תָּם וְאַטִּיל בּוֹ מוּם וְיָבֹא כֹהֵן זֶה וִיעִידֵנִי שֶׁמֵּאֵלָיו נָפַל בּוֹ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רועים כהנים – shepherds who are Kohanim, are not believed when they shepherd the cattle of Israelites/Jews. For this Kohen is suspected that he himself placed a blemish in it, that this shepherd would say, My master did not leave it to me and I will give it to an other Kohen. And the same law applies that the Kohen shepherd is not believed to testify on a firstling of another Kohen, for we are suspicious of doing good to each other, for he held that I will testify for him now and he will do do me a favor when an Israelite gives me a pure firstling, and I will place a blemish in it and this Kohen will testify on my behalf that the blemish befell it on its own.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:5)

**רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר נֶאֱמָן הוּא עַל שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ.** רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל פָּלֵיג אַתַּנָּא קַמָּא, וְסָבַר דְּלֹא נֶחְשְׁדוּ כֹהֲנִים אֶלָּא עַל בְּכוֹר עַצְמוֹ שֶׁכְּבָר נְתָנוֹ לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲבָל עַל שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ בֵּין רַבּוֹ בֵּין אַחֵר לֹא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עָלָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבן גמליאל אומר נאמן הוא על של חבירו ואינו נאמן של עצמו – Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel disagrees with the first Tanna/teacher, for he holds that the Kohanim were not suspected other than on the firstling itself for was already given to him by an Israelite, but on that of his fried, whether, his Master/teacher or another, they were not suspected concerning them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:4:6)

**רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר כָּל הֶחָשׁוּד עַל דָּבָר לֹא דָנוֹ וְלֹא מְעִידוֹ.** וְאִיכָּא בֵּין רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְתַנָּא קַמָּא, דִּלְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּכוֹר כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּפַל בּוֹ מוּם צָרִיךְ שְׁנַיִם מִן הַשּׁוּק לְהָעִיד עָלָיו, וְעֵד אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁאֵינוֹ כֹהֵן אֵין מוֹעִיל בּוֹ. וּלְתַנָּא קַמָּא דַּוְקָא כֹהֵן אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן לְהָעִיד עַל בְּכוֹרוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן, דְּחָיְשִׁינַן לְגוֹמְלִים, אֲבָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ כֹהֵן אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד מֵעִיד נֶאֱמָן לְהַתִּירוֹ. וְרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר אֲפִלּוּ בָנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן נֶאֱמָנִים, דְּדַוְקָא אִיהוּ גוּפֵיהּ עַל שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן. וְאִשְׁתּוֹ נַמִּי אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְגוּפוֹ. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי מאיר אומר כל החשוד בדבר לא דנו ולא מעידו – and there is a [difference] between the first Tanna/teacher and Rabbi Meir, for according to Rabbi Meir, a firstling belonging to a Kohen that blemish befell it, two from the marketplace have to testify upon it, but one witness, even one who is not a Kohen, does not help. But according to the first Tanna/teacher, especially a Kohen is not believed to testify on the firstling of a Kohen, for we are concerned for doing good to one another, but one who is not a Kohen, even one who testifies is believed to permit it. But Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel states that even the children and the members of the household of a Kohen are believed, for specifically, only on what is his he is not believed. And his wife is also not believed because she is like is body. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:5:1)

**הֶרְאֵיתִי בְכוֹר זֶה.** לְחָכָם, וְאָמַר לִי שֶׁמּוּם קָבוּעַ הוּא, וְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לוֹ עֵדִים שֶׁלֹּא הִטִּילוֹ בוֹ. שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים חֲשׁוּדִים לְהַטִּיל מוּם בַּבְּכוֹר כְּדֵי לְמָכְרוֹ וּלְהַאֲכִילוֹ כְּחֻלִּין, אֲבָל אֵין חֲשׁוּדִין לֶאֱכֹל קָדָשִׁים תְּמִימִים בַּחוּץ וְלוֹמַר עַל מוּם עוֹבֵר שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁהוּא מֻמְחֶה נֶאֱמָן לָדוּן עַל מוּם הַבְּכוֹר שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ וּלְהַתִּירוֹ. וְכֵן נֶאֱמָן הַכֹּהֵן לוֹמַר בְּכוֹר זֶה נָתַן לִי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמוּמוֹ, שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי לְהִגָּלוֹת אִם נְתָנוֹ לוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמוּמוֹ אִם לָאו, וּמִלְּתָא דַעֲבִידָא לְאִגַּלּוֹיֵי לֹא מְשַׁקְּרֵי בָהּ אֱינָשֵׁי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הראיתי בכור זה – to a Sage. And he said to me that this is a permanent blemish and he slaughters it, as long as he has witnesses that he [himself] did not make the blemish. For the Kohanim are suspected of placing a blemish in a firstling in order to sell it or to consume it as unconsecrated meat, but they are not suspected of consuming pure Holy Things outside [of the Temple courtyard] or to state about a temporary blemish that it is permanent. And a Kohen who is a specialist/expert is believed to adjudicate about the blemish of a firstling that it is permanent and/or to permit it. And similarly, a Kohen is believed to state that an Israelite/Jew gave me this firstling with a blemish and he is supposed to reveal if the Israelite/Jew gave it to him with a blemish or not, and it is a matter of business to reveal that people are not lying.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:5:2)

**הַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים עַל מוּמֵי הַמַּעֲשֵׂר.** הַכֹּהֲנִים חַיָּבִים לְהַפְרִישׁ מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה כְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר עַל מוּם שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בְּבֶהֱמַת מַעֲשֵׂר דְּשֶׁלֹּא בְּכַוָּנָה הָיָה, וַאֲפִלּוּ הַבְּעָלִים. מִגּוֹ דְאִי בָעֵי שָׁדֵי בֵיהּ מוּמָא בְכֻלֵּיהּ עֶדְרֵיהּ קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר, וְנִמְצָא הַמַּעֲשֵׂר בַּעַל מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכל נאמנים על מומי המעשר – Kohanim are obligated to separate the tithe for cattle like an Israelite/Jew. And everyone is believed to stated regarding a blemish that was made on the cattle that was tithed that it was not intentional, and even its owners. For since that if he needs to, he would place of blemish in his entire flock prior to to tithing, and it would be found that the tithe has a blemish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:5:3)

**שֶׁנִּסְמֵית עֵינוֹ שֶׁנִּקְטְעָה יָדוֹ.** דְּהַיְנוּ מוּם מֻבְהָק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שנסמית עינו שנקטעה ידו – that is a prominent blemish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:5:4)

**בְּנֵי הַכְּנֶסֶת.** כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינָן חֲכָמִים. וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין יָחִיד מֻמְחֶה, אֲבָל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ יָחִיד מֻמְחֶה אֵינוֹ נִשְׁחָט אֶלָּא עַל פִּי מֻמְחֶה, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּמוּם מֻבְהָק. דּוּמְיָא דַהֲפָרַת נְדָרִים שֶׁבְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ יָחִיד מֻמְחֶה אֵין שְׁלֹשָׁה הֶדְיוֹטוֹת מוֹעִילִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בני הכנסת – that is to say, that they are not Sages. And these words [apply] when there is no individual specialist/expert, but in a place where there is an individual expert/specialist, it is not slaughtered other than by the word of the expert, and even with a prominent blemish. This is similar to the renunciation of vows that in a place where there is an individual expert/specialist, three commoners [on a Jewish court] do not help.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:5:5)

**אֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ שָׁם עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה.** אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה סַנְהֶדְרִין בַּמָּקוֹם וְאֵין שָׁם אֶחָד שֶׁנָּטַל רְשׁוּת לְהַתִּיר מוּמֵי הַבְּכוֹר, אֵינוֹ נִשְׁחָט עַל פִּיהֶם וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּמוּם מֻבְהָק, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה שָׁם מֻמְחֶה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אפילו היו שם עשרים ושלשה – even if there was a Sanhedrin in the place, if there isn’t one individual that received permission to permit the blemishes of a firstling, it is not slaughtered by their word, even with a prominent blemish, until there will be a specialist/expert there. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:6:1)

**הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר.** וּמָכַר מִבְּשָׂרוֹ וְנוֹדַע לָנוּ שֶׁלֹּא הֶרְאָהוּ לְחָכָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
השוחט את הבכור – and sold from its flesh and it became known to us that he had not shown it to a Sage.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:6:2)

**מַה שֶּׁאָכְלוּ.** הַלּוֹקְחִים אָכְלוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מה שאכלו – those who purchase its food.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:6:3)

**וְיַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים.** מִשּׁוּם קְנָס. שֶׁהֶאֱכִילָם בְּשַׂר אִסּוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויחזיר להם את הדמים – because of a fine. That he fed them forbidden flesh/meat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 5:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/5:6:4)

**מְכָרוּהוּ.** הַלּוֹקְחִים לְנָכְרִי, הוֹאִיל וְלֹא גָרַם לָהֶם אִסּוּרָא, יְשַׁלְּמוּ לוֹ דְמֵי טְרֵפָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁהִיא נִמְכֶּרֶת בְּזוֹל, וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. וְגַבֵּי בְכוֹר לֹא תָנֵי מְכָרוּהוּ לְנָכְרִי, דִּבְכוֹר תָּמִים אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מכרוהו – those who purchase it for a heathen, since he did not cause them the prohibition, they will pay him the cost of the torn animal, like it is sold cheaply, and he will return to them the remainder. But regarding a firstling, it is not taught, “they sold it to heathens,” for from a pure firstling is prohibited to derive benefit.