## Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot Chapter 8

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:1)

**יֵשׁ בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה.** לִטֹּל פִּי שְׁנַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יש בכור לנחלה – to take a double portion (see Deuteronomy 21:17).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:2)

**וְאֵינוֹ בְכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן.** לָתֵת לַכֹּהֵן פִּדְיוֹנוֹ חֲמֵשֶׁת סְלָעִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואינו כבו לכהן – to give to a Kohen his redemption price of five Selas (see Numbers 18:16).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:3)

**הַבָּא אַחַר הַנְּפָלִים.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיוּ תְאוֹמִים, אֶחָד מֵהֶם נֵפֶל שֶׁלֹּא כָלוּ לוֹ חֳדָשָׁיו וְאֶחָד כָּלוּ לוֹ חֳדָשָׁיו, וְהַנֵּפֶל שֶׁלֹּא כָלוּ לוֹ חֳדָשָׁיו יָצָא רֹאשׁוֹ חַי וְהֶחֱזִירוֹ, וּקְדָמוֹ אָחִיו וְיָצָא. זֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה, דְּרִאשׁוֹן לֹא הִפְסִידוֹ, וְאַף עַל גַּב דִּיצִיאַת הָרִאשׁוֹן חֲשִׁיבָא לֵידָה מְעַלְּיָא. וְטַעֲמָא, מִשּׁוּם דִּכְתִיב רֵאשִׁית אֹנוֹ, מִי שֶׁלֵּב אָבִיו דָּוֶה עָלָיו אִם מֵת, יָצָא נֵפֶל שֶׁהוֹצִיא רֹאשׁוֹ רִאשׁוֹן דְּלָאו בַּר קְיָמָא [הוּא] דְּאֵין לִבּוֹ דָּוֶה עָלָיו. אֲבָל לְעִנְיַן פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם פָּטוּר הַאי וָלָד [אַחֲרוֹן], דִּבְפֶטֶר רֶחֶם תָּלָה רַחֲמָנָא, וַהֲרֵי הָרִאשׁוֹן פָּטַר אֶת הָרֶחֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הבא אחר הנפלים – as for example, that they were twins. One of whom was premature that his months [of fetal development] were not finished for him, and [the other one], whose months [of fetal development] were completed for him, but the premature one whose months [of fetal development] were not finished for him, his head came out alive and he retracted himself, and his [twin] brother preceded him and went out. This latter [of the two] is the first-born for inheritance, for the first one [whose head came out alive] did not cause him to suffer loss, and even though the exodus of the first [fetus] is considered to be a valid birth. And the reason, because it is written (Deuteronomy 21:17): “since he is the first fruit of his vigor,” that [child over whose death] the heart of the father is grieved (see Tractate Niddah 23b) if he (i.e., the child) dies, this excludes the premature [child] whose head came out first, who is not a viable child, [he] is one whom the heart of the father is not grieved for. But in regard to the opening of the womb (i.e., being the first born/first birth), this [latter] child, for the All-Merciful assigned, but the first [child whose head had exited the womb], was the firstborn of the womb.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:4)

**וּבֶן תִּשְׁעָה מֵת שֶׁיָּצָא רֹאשׁוֹ.** וְהֶחֱזִירוֹ, וְיָצָא אָחִיו, הָוֵי בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה. דְּהָא רִאשׁוֹן לָא חֲשִׁיב, דְּאֵין לִבּוֹ דָּוֶה עָלָיו, וּלְעִנְיַן כֹּהֵן לָאו פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם הוּא. אֲבָל יָצָא רֹאשׁ בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה חַי וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֶחֱזִירוֹ וָמֵת, בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה נַמִּי לֹא הָוֵי זֶה הַבָּא אַחֲרָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובן תשעה מת שיצא ראשו – and went back inside [the womb], and his brother came out [fully first], is the first-born for inheritance. But he is not considered the first, for his father is not grieved for him, but regarding the Kohen [for the redemption of the first-born], he is not the first-born of the womb. Ut if his head came out first alive at the age of nine [months] and afterwards, he was restored [to the womb] and [subsequently] died, he that comes after him also is not the first-born for inheritance.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:5)

**וְכֵן הַמַּפֶּלֶת בְּהֵמָה כוּ'.** לְמִפְטַר מִנַּחֲלָה לָא חֲשִׁיבֵי, דְּאֵין הַלֵּב דָּוֶה עֲלֵיהֶם, אֲבָל פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם מִיהָא הָוֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן המפלת בהמה כו' – it is not considered to be exempted from inheritance, for the heart of the father is not grieved for them. But it is the first-born of the womb.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:6)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ מִצּוּרַת אָדָם.** לָא חֲשִׁיב פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם, וְהַבָּא אַחֲרָיו הָוֵי בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים עד שיהא בו מצורת אדם – it is not considered the firstborn after the womb, and the one who comes after him is a first born for a Kohen (i.e., requiring redemption by his parents). And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:7)

**סַנְדָּל.** חֲתִיכַת בָּשָׂר עֲשׂוּיָה כִּדְמוּת סַנְדָּל, וְאֵין לָהּ צוּרַת אֵבָרִים, וּרְגִילָה לָבֹא עִם וָלָד. וּלְשׁוֹן סַנְדָּל יֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים שָׂנְאוּי וָדַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
סנדל (a flat, fish-shaped abortion -see Tractate Niddah, Chapter 3, Mishnah 4) – a piece of flesh made in the image of a sandal/flat fish, and it lacks the form of limbs, and regularly comes together with the child. But the language of סנדל has explanations/commentaries that are hated and poor.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:8)

**אוֹ שִׁלְיָא.** דְּאֵין שִׁלְיָא בְּלֹא וָלָד, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּמּוֹחַ, וּמִיהוּ פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם הָוֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או שליא – that there is no placenta without a child but that it is softened. But however, it is the opening of the womb.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:9)

**וְשָׁפִיר מְרֻקָּם.** חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר שֶׁמְּרֻקָּם בָּהּ צוּרַת הָעֻבָּר. וְעַל שֵׁם שֶׁעֲשׂוּיָה כִשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת שֶׁל בֵּיצָה קְרוּיָה שָׁפִיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושפיר מרוקם (fully-formed fetus)– a piece of flesh that is has the articulated shape of the form of a fetus. And because it is made like an egg-shell, it is called a sack of a fetus.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:10)

**וְהַיּוֹצֵא מְחֻתָּךְ.** שֶׁנֶּחְתַּךְ אֵבָר אֵבָר וּבְדֶרֶךְ זֶה יָצָא כֻלּוֹ. אֲבָל רֹאשׁ מְחֻתָּךְ, לֹא פָּטַר אִם קָדַם אָחִיו וְיָצָא קֹדֶם יְצִיאַת רֹב אֶבְרֵי הַמְחֻתָּךְ, וְהָוֵי נַמִּי בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והיוצא מחותך – that it is severed limb by limb and in this manner it all came out. But if the head is severed, it was not the first of the womb if his brother preceded and came out before the coming out of most of the limbs of the severed one, and it would be also be a first born for the Kohen.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:11)

**שֶׁכְּבָר יָלְדָה.** דִּלְעִנְיַן נַחֲלָה דְאָב כְּתִיב רֵאשִׁית אֹנוֹ, וּלְעִנְיַן כֹּהֵן תְּלָא רַחֲמָנָא בְּפֶטֶר רֶחֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שכבר ילדה - that in regard to inheritance of the father, it is written (Deuteronomy 21:17): “the first fruit of his vigor”, but regarding the Kohen, the All-Merciful depends upon the opening of the womb (see Exodus 13:2 and 12).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:12)

**עוֹדָהּ שִׁפְחָה.** אֲפִלּוּ עוֹדָהּ שִׁפְחָה בְּלֵידָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְנִשְׁתַּחְרְרָה עַכְשָׁיו, אוֹ נָכְרִית וְנִתְגַּיְּרָה וּמִשֶּׁבָּאת לְיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל יָלְדָה, נַמִּי הָוֵי בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא הָיוּ לָזֶה בָּנִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עודה שפחה – even if she is still a heathen maid-servant at her first birth and was freed now. Or [if] she was a heathen and converted but when she came into the hand of an Israelite, she gave birth, also [the child] is a first born for inheritance, for he had not [yet] had children.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:13)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה וְלַכֹּהֵן.** דְּבָנִים הַנּוֹלָדִים בְּנָכְרִיּוּתָהּ לֹא פָּטְרֵי. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יוסי הגלילי אומר בכור לנחלה ולכהן – for the sons that are born while she was a heathen do not open the womb. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi HaGelili.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:14)

**נִתְגַּיְּרָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת.** וּבַעְלָהּ עִמָּהּ וְיָלְדָה. הֲרֵי אוֹתוֹ וָלָד בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן, דְּפֶטֶר רֶחֶם הוּא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְלֹא לַנַּחֲלָה, דְּכֵיוָן דְּהוֹרָתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בִּקְדֻשָּׁה לָאו בַּר נַחֲלָה הוּא, דְּזֶרַע עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים רַחֲמָנָא אַפְקְרֵיהּ, דִּכְתִיב (יחזקאל כג) וְזִרְמַת סוּסִים זִרְמָתָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נתגיירה מעוברת – and her husband is with her and she gave birth. Behold that child is a firstborn for a Kohen, for he is the firstborn of the womb for an Israelite, but not for inheritance, for since his conception is not in holiness (because she was not yet a Jewish woman at that time), he is not eligible for inheritance, for he is the seed of an idolater, the All-Merciful declared him free/ownerless, as it is written (Ezekiel 23:20): “[she lusted for concubinage with them, whose members were like those of asses] and whose organs like those of stallions.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:15)

**יָלְדָה הִיא וְכֹהֶנֶת.** בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְבַכֶּרֶת שֶׁיָּלְדָה עִם כֹּהֶנֶת מְבַכֶּרֶת וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה וָלָד שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וילדה היא וכהנת – a Jewish woman who had never given birth and daughter of a Kohen who had given birth, and it is not know which of them (i.e., the babies born) was the child of an Israelite woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:16
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:16)

**אוֹ הִיא וּלְוִיָּה.** דִּלְוִיָּה נַמִּי בְנָהּ פָּטוּר מֵחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים. כְּדַאֲמַרַן בְּפֶרֶק קַמָּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או היא ולויה – for a Levite woman, her son is also exempt from the five Selaim, as we stated in the first chapter (see actually, Tractate Bekhorot, Chapter 2, Mishnah 1).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:17
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:17)

**אוֹ הִיא וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁכְּבָר יָלְדָה.** וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה בְנָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או היא ואשה שכבר ילדה – and it is not known which is her son (as the babies had been mixed up).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:18
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:18)

**בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן.** וּבַעְלָהּ שֶׁל מְבַכֶּרֶת חַיָּב חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים לַכֹּהֵן, דְּהָא בֵּן זָכָר יֵשׁ לוֹ כָל הֵיכָא דְאִיתֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כבור לכהן – and the husband of the woman giving birth for the first time is liable for the five Selaim to the Kohen [for redemption of their first-born son], for the male child has [responsibility] all that he has.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:19
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:19)

**וְלֹא לַנַּחֲלָה.** דְּהָא לֹא יָדַע בְּרֵיהּ דְּמַאן הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא לנחלה – for he did not know the son of whom it is.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:20
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:20)

**וְכֵן מִי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהֲתָה כוּ'.** הוּא בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן, וְהוּא יִפְדֶּה אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וְלֹא לַנַּחֲלָה, דְּהָא לֹא יָדַע מַאן יָרֵית. וַאֲפִלּוּ כְפָשׁוּט לֹא יָרֵית, דְּהַאי מַדְחֵי לֵיהּ לְגַבֵּי הַאי וְהַאי מַדְחֵי לֵיהּ לְגַבֵּי הַאי. וּמַתְנִיתִין דְּקָתָנֵי וְלֹא לַנַּחֲלָה, עַל הַבָּא אַחֲרָיו קָאָמַר, שֶׁהַבָּא אַחֲרָיו אֵינוֹ בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה, דְּשֶׁמָּא זֶה הַסָּפֵק בֵּן הָאַחֲרוֹן הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן מי שלא שהתה כו' – he is the first-born for a Kohen. And he will redeem himself. But not for inheritance for he does not know who conceived him. And even like an heir entitled to a single share he was not conceived, for this one (i.e., one child) supersedes him regarding this (i.e., entitlement to being a first-born) and that one (i.e., a different child) supersedes him regarding that (i.e., level of inheritance). But our Mishnah which teaches that he is not [the first-born] for inheritance purposes, it states regarding who comes after him, for the one who comes after him is not the first born for inheritance, for perhaps there is doubt if he is the son after him (see Talmud Bekhorot 47b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:21
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:21)

**מָלֵא גְנִינִים.** מָלֵא גְּוָנִים הַרְבֵּה. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, תּוֹלָעִים, שֶׁהַשָּׁפִיר עָשׂוּי כֻּלּוֹ חֲתִיכוֹת קְטַנּוֹת דַּקּוֹת דּוֹמוֹת לְתוֹלָעִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מלא גנינים ([an abortion consisting of] a bag full of a many-colored substance – see also Tractate Niddah, Chapter 3, Mishnah 3 and Niddah 24b) – many colors. Another explanation – worms. That the fetus is made completely of many small, thin pieces similar to worms.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:22
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:22)

**דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים.** לָאו וָלָד נִינְהוּ, דְּלֹא נֶאֶמְרָה בָּהֶן יְצִירָה כָּאָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דגים וחגבים – they are not offspring, for it was not stated about them a creation like a human.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:23
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:1:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:1:23)

**יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים.** מִשֶּׁנִּתְעַבְּרָה, מַיָּא בְּעָלְמָא נִינְהוּ, וְאֵין כָּאן וָלָד עַד לְמָחֳרַת יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים. דְּאַרְבָּעִים יוֹם הָוֵי יְצִירַת הַוָּלָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יום ארבעים – from when she became pregnant, it is merely water, and there isn’t an embryo until the day after the fortieth day, for on the fortieth day is the creation of the embryo.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:2:1)

**יוֹצֵא דֹפֶן וְהַבָּא אַחֲרָיו.** דֶּרֶךְ רֶחֶם. כְּגוֹן שֶׁקָּרְעוּ אִשָּׁה שֶׁתְּאוֹמִים בְּבִטְנָהּ, וּלְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּ הָרִאשׁוֹן דֶּרֶךְ דֹּפֶן יָצָא הַשֵּׁנִי דֶּרֶךְ רֶחֶם. אֲבָל לְהוֹצִיא וָלָד מִן הָאִשָּׁה דֶּרֶךְ דֹּפֶן וְשֶׁתִּתְרַפֵּא הָאִשָּׁה וְתַחֲזֹר וְתִתְעַבֵּר וְתֵלֵד, כָּתַב רַמְבַּ"ם דְּאִי אֶפְשָׁר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יוצא דופן והבא אחריו – [the second one] through the womb. As for example, that they tore the woman when twins were in her stomach, and after that they removed the first of them through the wall (i.e., by means of Caesarean section, the second left [the womb] through the womb. But to remove an offspring from the woman through the wall [i.e., via Caesarean section] and when the woman would heal, she would once again become pregnant and give birth [naturally]. Maimonides wrote that this is impossible.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:2:2)

**שְׁנֵיהֶם אֵינָן בְּכוֹר.** רִאשׁוֹן לֹא הָוֵי בְּכוֹר לַנַּחֲלָה, וְיָלְדוּ לוֹ בָּעִינַן. וְשֵׁנִי נַמִּי לֹא, רֵאשִׁית אֹנוֹ בָּעִינַן. וּבְכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן רִאשׁוֹן לֹא הָוֵי, דְּפֶטֶר רֶחֶם בָּעִינַן. וְשֵׁנִי נַמִּי לֹא הָוֵי בְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְכוֹר לָרֶחֶם וְאֵינוֹ בְּכוֹר לַוְּלָדוֹת כְּגוֹן זֶה שֶׁהָיָה וָלָד קֹדֶם לָכֵן, אֵינוֹ בְּכוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שניהם אינן בכור – the first [child born] is not a firstborn for [a double-portion of the] inheritance, for we require (Deuteronomy 21:15): “[If a man has two wives, one loved and the other unloved,] and both the loved and the unloved have born him sons, [but the first-born is the son of the unloved one].” The second is also not the first-born, for we require (Deuteronomy 21:17): “the first fruit of his vigor.” And the first born for a Kohen – the first is not, for we require (Numbers 18:15): “the first issue of the womb.” And the second [child born] is also not the first born for the Kohen [to be redeemed with five Selaim], for [the child] is the first-born of the womb and not the first born for offspring as for example, this one that was the offspring prior to this is not a firstborn.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:2:3)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר הָרִאשׁוֹן לַנַּחֲלָה.** סָבַר וְיָלְדוּ אַף יוֹצֵא דֹּפֶן בְּמַשְׁמַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי שמעון אומר הרשון לנחלה – he holds that (Deuteronomy 21:15) “have born [him sons],” that even for that comes out from the wall (i.e., Caesarean section) is implied.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:2:4)

**וְהַשֵּׁנִי לְחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים.** סָבַר בְּכוֹר לָרֶחֶם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּכוֹר לַוְּלָדוֹת הָוֵי בְּכוֹר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והשני לחמש סלעים – he holds, [that child] is the firstborn for the womb, even though he is not the first-born for offspring which is a firstborn. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:1)

**וְיָלְדָה שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים נוֹתֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים.** דְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן בְּכוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וילדה שני זכרים נותן חמש סלעים – that one of them is a first-born male.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:2)

**הָאָב פָּטוּר.** דְּמָצֵי לְמֵימַר הַבְּכוֹר מֵת. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת הַבֵּן קֹדֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים אֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּפִדְיוֹן, וְעַכְשָׁיו שֶׁהַדָּבָר סָפֵק שֶׁמָּא הַבְּכוֹר מֵת וּפָטוּר, שֶׁמָּא זֶה שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר הוּא הַבְּכוֹר וְחַיָּב, הָוֵי הַכֹּהֵן מוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, וְהַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה. וְהוּא הַדִּין שֶׁהַבֵּן הַנִּשְׁאָר פָּטוּר מִלִּפְדּוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָּדוֹל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האב פטור – that he is able to state that the firstborn died. But when the son died prior to [the age of] thirty days [old], he (i.e., the father) is not liable for the redemption [of the first-born son]. But now when the matter is in doubt for perhaps the first-born son died and he (i.e., the father) is exempt, or perhaps, the one who remains is the [actual] first-born son and he (i.e., the father) is liable [for the child’s redemption]. The Kohen removes [the money] from his fellow, for the burden of proof is upon the claimant. And the same rule applies when the remaining son is exempt from redeeming himself when he will be an adult.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:3)

**מֵת הָאָב.** לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מת האב – after thirty days [of fathering a son].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:4)

**וְאִם לָאו פְּטוּרִים.** דְּסָבַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר הָאַחִין שֶׁחָלְקוּ בְּנִכְסֵי אֲבִיהֶן דִּין לָקוֹחוֹת יֵשׁ לָהֶן, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּרֵרָה לְכָל אֶחָד עַל יְרֻשָּׁתוֹ, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי הֵן כְּאִלּוּ קָנוּ זֶה מִזֶּה כָּל אֶחָד חֶלְקוֹ, וְאֵלּוּ הֶחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים הָיָה חוֹב עַל אֲבִיהֶן כְּמִלְוֶה עַל פֶּה, וּמִלְוֶה עַל פֶּה אֵינָהּ גּוֹבָה מִן הַלָּקוֹחוֹת, הִלְכָּךְ אִם חָלְקוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נָתְנוּ פְּטוּרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם לאו פטורים – for Rabbi Meir holds that the brothers who divided the possessions of their father, they have the law of the bought property (especially – mortgaged property sold), because there is no retroactive designation (though generally, it is accepted with regard to questions of rabbinic law, but not with regard to maters of Torah law) to each one [of the sons] on his inheritance, but they are as if each purchased from the other his portion and these five Selaim were the obligation of their father as a loan by mouth, but a loan by mouth is not collected/paid from the bought property, therefore, if they divided it up until they didn’t give it, they are exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:5)

**רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר נִתְחַיְּבוּ הַנְּכָסִים.** קָסָבַר הָאַחִים שֶׁחָלְקוּ יוֹרְשִׁים הֵן, דְּיֵשׁ בְּרֵרָה לוֹמַר כָּל אֶחָד זָכָה בְּחֶלְקוֹ, וּמִלְוֶה עַל פֶּה גּוֹבֶה מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁים. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יהודה אומר נתחייבו הנכסים (i.e., the estate is liable) – for he holds that the brothers who divided [the property] are inheritors and there is retroactive designation to state that each one merited in his portion, and a loan by mouth one collects from the inheritors. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:3:6)

**זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם.** דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ הַנְּקֵבָה יָצְאָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, וְהַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זכר ונקבה אין כאן לכהן כלום – for one can say that the daughter came out first, and the burden of proof is upon the claimant (see Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 3, Mishnah 11).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:1)

**שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים.** שֶׁל אִישׁ אֶחָד, וְיָלְדוּ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים בְּמַחֲבוֹא, שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שתי נשים – of one man/husband, and they gave birth to two male [children] in a hiding place, that were mixed up.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:2)

**אִם לְכֹהֵן אֶחָד נָתַן.** פִּדְיוֹן שְׁנֵיהֶם, יַחֲזִיר לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים, הוֹאִיל וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאִיגַּלַּאי מִלְּתָא דְּנֵפֶל הוּא וְשֶׁלֹּא כַּדִּין שָׁקַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם לכהן אחד נתן – for the redemption of both of them, the Kohen would return to him five Selaim, for the one of them (i.e., the babies) died within thirty days [of birth], and the matter was revealed that he was premature/not a viable birth, and that he took [money] not according to the law.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:3)

**אֵין יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא מִיָּדָם.** דְּכָל חַד וְחַד מַדְּחֵי לֵיהּ וְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵינִי מַחֲזִיק בָּם בִּשְׁבִיל פִּדְיוֹן הַחַי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין יכול להוציא מידם – for each one of them (i.e., the individual Kohanim) can supersede him and say, “I am taking possession of them (i.e., these five Selaim) for the redemption of the living [child].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:4)

**אוֹ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבָה.** יָלְדוּ הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁלּוֹ בְּמַחֲבוֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או שני זכרים ונקבה – his wives gave birth in a hiding place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:5)

**נוֹתֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים לַכֹּהֵן.** דְּמִמַּה נַּפְשָׁךְ חַד הָוֵי בְּכוֹר, אִם הָאַחַת יָלְדָה שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים הָאֶחָד בְּכוֹר, וְאִם הָאַחַת יָלְדָה זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, נִמְצָא שֶׁחֲבֶרְתָּהּ יָלְדָה זָכָר לְבַדּוֹ וְהוּא בְּכוֹר, וְאוֹתוֹ שֶׁעִם הַנְּקֵבָה פָּטוּר שֶׁמָּא נְקֵבָה יָצְאָה רִאשׁוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נותן חמש סלעים לכהן – whichever way you turn, one of them is a first-born male; if one of the wives gave birth to two male [children], the first one is a first-born, but if one of them gave birth to a male and a female, it is found that her partner gave birth alone to a male, and he is the first born, and the one that is with the female is exempt, perhaps, the female came out first.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:6)

**אֵין לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם.** דְּאִיכָּא לְמֵימַר הַנְּקֵבוֹת יָצְאוּ תְּחִלָּה וְאֵין כָּאן בְּכוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין לכהן כלום – that one is able to say that the girls came out first and there is no first-born male here.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:7)

**הָאָב פָּטוּר.** דְּמָצֵי לְמֵימַר בֶּן הַמְּבַכֶּרֶת מֵת:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:8)

**נָתְנוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא חָלְקוּ כוּ'.** כִּדְפָרֵשְׁנָא לְעֵיל. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נתנו עד שלא חלקו כו' – as I explained above (in Mishnah 3 of this chapter). And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:4:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:4:9)

**זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה.** יֵשׁ לוֹמַר אוֹתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בִּכְּרָה יָלְדָה הַנְּקֵבָה וְאֵין כָּאן בְּכוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זכר ונקבה – one can say that the wife that had not given birth gave birth [first] to a female, and there is no first-born [male].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:5:1)

**מֵת אַחַד.** מִן הַוְּלָדוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מת אחד – one of the offspring.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:5:2)

**יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים.** וְיַחֲלֹקוּ שְׁנֵי הָאָבוֹת. וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי כְּשֶׁכָּתַב אֶחָד מֵהֶן הַרְשָׁאָה לַחֲבֵרוֹ, אֲבָל אִם לֹא כָּתַב אֶחָד מֵהֶן הַרְשָׁאָה לַחֲבֵרוֹ, כִּי אָזֵיל חַד מִנַּיְהוּ לְגַבֵּי כֹּהֵן דָּחֵי לֵיהּ לוֹמַר בִּנְךָ הַחַי, וְכִי אָזֵיל אִידָךְ דָּחֵי לֵיהּ לוֹמַר בִּנְךָ הַחַי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יחזיר להם חמש סלעים – and the two fathers can divide it, and these words [apply] when one of them wrote a power of attorney/authority to his fellow, for when one of them goes to the Kohen [the other] supersedes him/pushes him aside to stay that your son is the living one.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:5:3)

**זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה הָאָבוֹת פְּטוּרִים.** דְּכָל חַד וְחַד אָמַר לֵיהּ לַכֹּהֵן הַנְּקֵבָה שֶׁלִּי הִיא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זכר ומקבה האבות פטורים – for each one of them (i.e., the fathers) said to the Kohen, the female child is mine.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:5:4)

**וְהַבֵּן חַיָּב לִפְדּוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ.** דְּמִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּכוֹר הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והבן חייב לפדות את עצמו – since nevertheless, he is a first-born [male son].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:5:5)

**שְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת וְזָכָר.** יֵשׁ לוֹמַר הָאַחַת יָלְדָה נְקֵבָה וְהָאַחֶרֶת זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה וְהַנְּקֵבָה יָצְאָה תְּחִלָּה, הִלְכָּךְ אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם. וְכֵן שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים וּשְׁנֵי נְקֵבוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שתי נקבות וזכר – one can say, that the one [wife] gave birth to a female child and the other [wife] to a male child and a female child, but the female child came out first. Therefore, the Kohen does not have anything. And similarly, two male children and two female children (i.e., the female children could have been born first in each case).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:1)

**אַחַת בִּכְּרָה וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרָה וְכוּ'.** אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם. דְּיֵשׁ לוֹמַר הַמְּבַכֶּרֶת יָלְדָה הַנְּקֵבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אחת בכרה ואחת שלא בכרה וכו'. אין כאן לכהן כלום – for one can say that the one giving birth for the first time gave birth to a female child.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:2)

**מֵת הַבֵּן בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.** אַבְּכוֹרוֹת וַדָּאִין דְּעָלְמָא קָאֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מת הבן בתוך שלשים יום – we are speaking of certain firstborns.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:3)

**יַחֲזִיר.** דְּנֵפֶל הֲוָה. וְלֹא מִחַיַּב בְּפִדְיוֹן עַד לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יחזיר – for he was not a viable birth/premature, and he is not liable for redemption [of the first-born son] until after thirty days (see also Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 5, Mishnah 4) and Talmud Arakhin 51b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:4)

**מֵת בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים כַּיּוֹם שֶׁלְּפָנָיו.** וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ יַחֲזִיר. דְּגָמְרִינַן חֹדֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ מִמִּדְבָּר, כְּתִיב הָכָא (במדבר יח טז) וּפְדוּיָו מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ תִּפְדֶּה, וּכְתִיב בַּמִּדְבָּר (במדבר ג מ) פְּקֹד כָּל בְּכֹר זָכָר מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה, דְּמַשְׁמַע לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מת בשיום שלשים כיום שלפניו – and even though he had given him (i.e., the Kohen) [the money], he should return it, for we learn [through an analogy of a Gezerah Shavah] of [comparing the usage of] חודש חודש in the Book of Numbers, it is written here (Numbers 18:16): “Take as their redemption price, from the age of one month up,” and it is written (Numbers 3:40): “[The LORD said to Moses:] Record every first-born male of the Israelite people from the age of one-month up,” [the word ומעלה] implying after the thirtieth day [so also in the other verse].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:5)

**רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר אִם נָתַן לֹא יִטֹּל.** מְסַפְּקָא לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִדְאִצְטְרִיךְ לְמִכְתַּב וָמַעְלָה גַּבֵּי עֲרָכִין, וְלֹא גָּמְרִינַן מִמִּדְבָּר, הֲווּ לְהוּ שְׁנֵי כְּתוּבִים הַבָּאִים כְּאֶחָד וְאֵין מְלַמְּדִים, הִלְכָּךְ אִם נָתַן לֹא יִטֹּל, וְאִם לֹא נָתַן לֹא יִתֵּן, דְּהַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי עקיבא אומר אם נתן לא יטול – for Rabbi Akiba doubts if it is necessary to have the Torah write, ומעלה/and up (i.e., implying after the thirtieth day) regarding valuations , for he doesn’t derive it from the Book of Numbers, for there would be two [similar] verses coming as one and we don’t learn them; therefore, if he gave [the money to the Kohen], he should not take it back. But if he had bot given, he should not give it. For the burden of proof is incumbent upon the claimant (see Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 3, Mishnah 11). And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:6)

**בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדָּה.** דְּלָא עֲבִיד אֱינִישׁ דְּפָרֵיק תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בחזקת שלא נפדה – for people do not act that they redeem within the thirty [days].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:7)

**לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁנִּפְדָּה.** דְּכֹהֵן [הָוֵי מוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְהוּרַע כֹּחוֹ]:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לאחר שלשים בחזקת שנפדה – that a Kohen [who removes something from his fellow and his prerogative is impaired].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:6:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:6:8)

**הוּא קוֹדֵם לִבְנוֹ.** הַכֹּל מוֹדִים כָּל הֵיכָא דְּלֵית לֵיהּ אֶלָּא חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים הוּא קוֹדֵם אֶת בְּנוֹ, דְּמִצְוָה דִּידֵיהּ עָדִיף. כִּי פְּלִיגֵי דְּאִיכָּא חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים מִמְּשַׁעְבְּדֵי וְחָמֵשׁ בְּנֵי חוֹרֵי, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר מִלְוֶה הַכְּתוּבָה בַּתּוֹרָה כִּכְתוּבָה בִּשְׁטָר דָּמְיָא, וְחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים דִּידֵיהּ דְּאִחַיַּב בְּהוּ אֲבוּהָ אָזֵיל כֹּהֵן וְטָרֵיף מִמְּשַׁעְבְּדִי, שֶׁהֲרֵי שִׁעְבּוּדוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן קָדֵים. וְהַיְנוּ דְּקָאָמַר שֶׁמִּצְוָתוֹ עַל אָבִיו, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁמֵּאָבִיו נִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ הַנְּכָסִים. וּבְהָנֵי חָמֵשׁ בְּנֵי חוֹרֵי פָּרֵיק לִבְרֵיהּ מִיָּד, דְּאִי יְהֵיב בְּנֵי חוֹרֵי מִשּׁוּם פִּדְיוֹן דִּידֵיהּ, תּוּ לֹא מִפְרִיק בְּנוֹ, דְּשֶׁמָּא שִׁעְבּוּד הַלָּקוֹחוֹת קוֹדֵם לְלֵידַת בְּנוֹ. וְרַבָּנָן סָבְרֵי מִלְוֶה הַכְּתוּבָה בַּתּוֹרָה לָאו כִּכְתוּבָה בִּשְׁטָר דָּמְיָא, וְאִי יָהֵיב בְּנֵי חוֹרֵי בִּשְׁבִיל בְּנוֹ תּוּ לֹא מִפְרִיק אִיהוּ, דְּכֹהֵן לֹא מָצֵי טָרֵיף מִלָּקוֹחוֹת, הִלְכָּךְ מִצְוָה דִּידֵיהּ עָדִיף. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הוא קודם לבנו – everyone admits that whenever he has five Selaim that are mortgaged and five [Selaim] that are free-standing, Rabbi Yehuda holds that a loan that is written in the Torah is like that which is written in the document, and his five Selaim, that his father was liable for, the Kohen can go and snatch them from mortgaged property, for his mortgage of the Kohen takes precendence, and that is what is said, that his Mitzvah (i.e., of redeeming his first-born son) is upon his father, that is to say, that from his father, the properties were mortgaged. But these free-standing five [Selaim] are redeemed for his son immediately, for if he gives free-standing [money] because of his redemption, furthermore, his son does not redeem, for perhaps the bought property was mortgaged prior to the birth of his son. But the Rabbis hold that the loan that is written in the Torah is not like that which is written in the document, for if he gives free-standing money for his son, he (i.e., the son) cannot redeem it further, for the Kohen is not able to snatch mortgaged property, therefore, his Mitzvah (i.e., of redeeming his first-born son) is preferable. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:7:1)

**חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן.** הַסֶּלַע הָאָמוּר בַּמִּשְׁנָה הוּא הַשֶּׁקֶל הָאָמוּר בַּתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וּפְעָמִים נִקְרָא בַּתּוֹרָה כֶּסֶף, חֲמִשִּׁים כֶּסֶף, מֵאָה כֶּסֶף. וְהוּא הָיָה בִּימֵי מֹשֶׁה מִשְׁקַל שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְעֶשְׂרִים גַּרְגִּירֵי שְׂעֹרָה, וּבְבַיִת שֵׁנִי הוֹסִיפוּ עָלָיו וְהֶעֱלוּהוּ לְמִשְׁקַל שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וּשְׁמוֹנִים וְאַרְבַּע שְׂעֹרָה. וְכֵן מוֹנִים הַיּוֹם לְחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן. וְנִמְצְאוּ חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים מִשְׁקַל אֶלֶף וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת וְעֶשְׂרִים שְׂעֹרוֹת בֵּינוֹנִיּוֹת שֶׁל כֶּסֶף מְזֻקָּק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חמש סלעים של בן – the Sela that is mention ed in the Torah in every place (see Numbers 18:16), and sometimes in the Torah it is called כסף /silver , one hundred pieces of silver. For this was during the days of Moses that the weight was three hundred and twenty grains of barley-corn, but during [the time of] the Second Temple, they increased it and raised it to the weight of three hundred and eighty-four [grains] of barley-corn. And similarly, we count today for five Selahs of the child [for redemption]. And it was found that five Selahs has the weight of one thousand nine-hundred and twenty intermediate barley-corns of refined silver.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:7:2)

**בְּמָנֶה צוֹרִי.** הַיּוֹצֵא בִּמְדִינַת צוֹר. וְכָל כֶּסֶף שֶׁל תּוֹרָה, כְּגוֹן חֲמֵשֶׁת סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן, שְׁלֹשִׁים שֶׁל עֶבֶד, וַחֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁל אוֹנֵס וּמְפַתֶּה, וּמֵאָה שֶׁל מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע, כֻּלָּם בְּמָנֶה צוֹרִי שֶׁהוּא כֶּסֶף מְזֻקָּק. וְכָל כֶּסֶף שֶׁהוּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם כְּגוֹן הַקְּנָסוֹת וּכְתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה לְדִבְרֵי רַמְבַּ"ם כֻּלָּם כֶּסֶף מְדִינָה, שֶׁאֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה חֲלָקִים שֶׁבָּהֶם כֶּסֶף וְשִׁבְעָה חֲלָקִים נְחֹשֶׁת. אֲבָל רַבּוֹתַי הוֹרוּ שֶׁכְּתֻבַּת בְּתוּלָה יֵשׁ לָהּ דִּין כֶּסֶף שֶׁל תּוֹרָה, שֶׁכֵּן כָּתוּב כְּמֹהַר הַבְּתוּלוֹת, וּמָאתָן זוּזֵי הֵן שֶׁל כֶּסֶף נָקִי. וּמִשְׁקַל כָּל זוּז תִּשְׁעִים וְשֵׁשׁ שְׂעֹרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במנה צורי – that comes from the country of Tyre. But all of the silver coinage of the Torah, as for example, the five Selaim of the son (i.e., the redemption of the first-born son), and the thirty [Selaim] of the slave, and the fifty of the one who wrongs (see Deuteronomy 22:29) and seduces (see Exodus 22:16) , and the one-hundred for the one who slanders, all of them are in the Tyrian coinage which is refined silver. But all of the money which is from the Rabbinic legislation, such as the fines, and the Ketubah of a wife, according to the words of Maimonides, all of them are the money/coinage of the state, for one from eight parts which are in them is silver and seven parts are copper. But my Rabbis taught that the Ketubah/marriage contract of a virgin has the law of silver of the Torah, for it is written (Exodus 22:16): “[If her father refuses to give her to him, he must still weigh out silver in accordance] with the bride-price for virgins,” and the two-hundred clear Zuzim. And the weight of each Zuz is ninety-six barley-corns.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:7:3)

**וְכֻלָּן נִפְדִּין.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, וְכָל הַנִּפְדִּים נִפְדִּין בְּכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כֶּסֶף, חוּץ מִן הַשְּׁקָלִים. כָּל הַנִּפְדִּין כְּגוֹן בְּכוֹר אָדָם וְהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת, נִפְדִּין בֵּין בְּכֶסֶף בֵּין בְּשָׁוֶה כֶּסֶף, חוּץ מִן הַשְּׁקָלִים, שֶׁהַבָּא לִשְׁקֹל מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּתֵּן אוֹתוֹ מִכֶּסֶף נָקִי מַטְבֵּעַ מְצֻיָּר וְלֹא שָׁוֶה כֶּסֶף. וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נַמִּי אֵין נִפְדֶּה אֶלָּא בְּמַטְבֵּעַ שֶׁל כֶּסֶף שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו צוּרָה וְלֹא בְּשָׁוֶה כֶּסֶף, דִּכְתִיב (דברים יד) וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדְךָ, כֶּסֶף שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו צוּרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכולן נפדין – this is what he said, and all that is redeemed is redeemed in silver or its equivalent, except for Shekel dues. And all that is redeemed such as the first-born of a man and that which is dedicated to the Temple, is redeemed whether with silver or with the equivalent of silver, except for that of Shekel dues, for a person who comes to pay the one-half Shekel needs to give it from clear silver engraved coinage and not equivalent to silver. And Second Tithe also is not redeemed other than with silver coinage that has an engraving and not with that which is equivalent to silver, as it is written (Deuteronomy 14:25): “Wrap up the money in your hand ‘and take it with you to the place that the LORD your God has chosen,” – silver money that has upon it a form/shape.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:1)

**אֵין פּוֹדִין.** בְּכוֹר אָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין פודין – [they do not redeem] the firstborn [male] of a man.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:2)

**לֹא בַעֲבָדִים.** אַף עַל גַּב דַּאֲמַרַן לְעֵיל בְּכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כֶּסֶף, אֵין פּוֹדִין לֹא בַּעֲבָדִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא בעבדים – even though that we said above (i.e., in the previous Mishnah) with silver or with the equivalent of silver, we don’t redeem [a firstborn male child] with servants.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:3)

**וְלֹא בִשְׁטָרוֹת.** שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁטָר עַל חֲבֵרוֹ בְּחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים וּנְתָנוֹ לַכֹּהֵן שֶׁיִּגְבֶּה אוֹתוֹ חוֹב בְּפִדְיוֹן בְּנוֹ, אֵין בְּנוֹ פָּדוּי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא בשטרות – that if he has a document on his fellow for five Selaim [owed him] and he gave it to the Kohen, that he (i.e., the Kohen) should collect that obligation/liability with the redemption of his son, his son is not redeemed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:4)

**וְלֹא בְהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת.** כְּלוֹמַר, וְלֹא הַהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת נַמִּי אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתָן לֹא בַּעֲבָדִים וְלֹא בִּשְׁטָרוֹת וְלֹא בְּקַרְקָעוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא בהקדשות – that is to say, and not with that which is sanctified [to the Temple] also we don’t redeem them neither with slaves, documents nor with land.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:5)

**כָּתַב לַכֹּהֵן שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב לוֹ חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים.** מִשּׁוּם פִּדְיוֹן בְּנוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כתב לכהן שהוא חייב לו ה' סלעים – because of the redemption of his [first-born] son.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:6)

**חַיָּב לִתֵּן לוֹ וּבְנוֹ אֵינוֹ פָדוּי.** דְּבַר תּוֹרָה בְּנוֹ פָּדוּי לִכְשֶׁיִּתֵּן. וּמַה טַּעַם אָמְרוּ יִתֵּן וּבְנוֹ אֵינוֹ פָּדוּי, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יֹאמְרוּ פּוֹדִין בִּשְׁטָרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חייב ליתן לו ובנו אינו פדוי – it is the word of the Torah that his son is redeemed when he gives [the money]. And what is the reason that they said that he must give it and his son or else his son is not redeemed? It is a decree perhaps they will say that the redeem with documents.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:7)

**לְפִיכָךְ.** דְּאָמְרִינַן שֶׁחַיָּב לִתֵּן לוֹ חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים אֲחֵרִים לְפִדְיוֹן בְּנוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפיכך – that we said that he is required to give him (i.e., to the Kohen) five other Selaim for the redemption of his son.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:8)

**אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן.** לְהַחֲזִירָם וְלִתְּנָם לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה: **רַשָּׁאי.** אֲבָל תַּקָּנָה אַחֶרֶת לֵיכָּא. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַכֹּהֵן רַשַּׁאי לְהַחֲזִיר וְלִתֵּן הֶחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים בְּמַתָּנָה לַאֲבִי הַבְּכוֹר, אִם דַּעַת אֲבִי הַבֵּן סוֹמֶכֶת בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן הֶחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים, אֵין הַבֵּן פָּדוּי, בֵּין הֶחֱזִיר הַכֹּהֵן בֵּין לֹא הֶחֱזִיר. כָּךְ נִרְאֶה מִן הַגְּמָרָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם רצה הכהן – [if the Kohen wanted] to return them and to give them (i.e., the five Selaim) to him (i.e., the father) as a gift, he is permitted, but there is no other remedy/ordinance. But even though that the Kohen is permitted to return and give the five Selahim as a gift to the father of the first-born [son], if it is the intention of the father of the son relies that the Kohen will surely return to him the five Selaim, the son is not redeemed, whether the Kohen returned them or whether he didn’t return them. This is how it appears from the Gemara (see Talmud Bekhorot 51b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:8:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:8:9)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר יִהְיֶה לָךְ וּפָדֹה תִפְדֶּה.** כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לְךָ הַפִּדְיוֹן אָז בְּנוֹ פָּדוּי. וְהַאי קְרָא לְאַהֲרֹן נֶאֱמַר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שנאמר יהיה לך ופדה תפדה – when the redemption will be yours, then your son is redeemed, and this verse (Numbers 18:15) is stated to Aaron.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:1)

**וְלֹא בְּנִכְסֵי הָאֵם.** נִכְסֵי מְלוֹג שֶׁל הָאֵם. דִּכְתִיב (דברים כא) כִּי הוּא רֵאשִׁית אֹנוֹ לוֹ מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכֹרָה, מַשְׁמַע דְּאַדִּידֵיהּ קָאֵי, כְּלוֹמַר בִּנְכָסָיו מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכוֹרָה וְלֹא בְּנִכְסֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא בנכסי האם – the usufruct property (i.e., the wife’s personal property from which her husband is entitled to benefit – brought into the marriage from her father’s home and that is not included in her marriage contract, and property that she inherits or receives as a gift after her marriage) of the mother, as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:17): “since he is the first fruit of his vigor, the birthright is his due,” implying that it refers to that which is his (i.e., the father’s), that is to say, with his property, “the birthright is his due,” but not the property of his wife.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:2)

**וְאֵינוֹ נוֹטֵל פִּי שְׁנַיִם בַּשֶּׁבַח.** אִם הִשְׁבִּיחוּ הַנְּכָסִים לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָאָב קֹדֶם שֶׁחָלְקוּ, אֵין הַבְּכוֹר נוֹטֵל פִּי שְׁנַיִם בַּשֶּׁבַח. אֶלָּא שָׁמִין אֶת הַנְּכָסִים מַה הֵן שָׁוִין בִּשְׁעַת מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן, וְהַבְּכוֹר נוֹטֵל פִּי שְׁנַיִם בָּהֶן בִּלְבַד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא לוֹ, לָאָב בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואינו נוטל פי שים בשבח – if the property [of the father] grew in value after the death of the father prior to their dividing it, the first born does not take a double portion of the increased value/amelioration. But rather, they assess the property, what it was worth at the time of the death of the father and the first-born [son] takes a double portion of them alone, as it states (Deuteronomy 21:17): “and allot to him a double portion of all he possesses,” of what belonged to the father at the time of [his] death.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:3)

**בָּרָאוּי.** בִּנְכָסִים שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה אֲבִיהֶן מֻחְזָק בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אֲבָל רְאוּיִין הָיוּ לִפֹּל לוֹ בִּירֻשָּׁה וְנָפְלוּ לָהֶן לְאַחַר זְמַן, אֵין הַבְּכוֹר נוֹטֵל בָּהֶן פִּי שְׁנַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא בראוי (what is coming due to the estate [as he does of what is held in possession]) – in the property, for their father did not hold in possession at the time of his death, but other than what was appropriate to fall to him in inheritance, but what fell to them after a time, the first-born does not take from them a double portion.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:4)

**וְלֹא הָאִשָּׁה בִּכְתֻבָּתָהּ.** בַּשֶּׁבַח שֶׁהִשְׁבִּיחוּ. אִם אֵין שָׁוִין הַנְּכָסִים בִּשְׁעַת מִיתַת בַּעְלָהּ כְּדֵי שִׁעוּר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁבִּיחוּ, אֵינָהּ נוֹטֶלֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ אֶלָּא כַּמָּה שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁוִין. וְאַף עַל גַּב דִּבְעָלְמָא בַּעַל חוֹב גּוֹבֶה הַשֶּׁבַח, מִקֻּלֵּי כְּתֻבָּה שָׁנוּ כָּאן. וְכֵן אֵינָהּ נוֹטֶלֶת בָּרָאוּי כְּבַמֻּחְזָק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא האשה בכתובתה – in the growth that accrued . But if the property [value] is not equivalent at the time of the death of her husband in order to the measure [of what is written] in her Ketubah, but afterwards it increased [in value], she does not take for her Ketubah settlement other than what they were worth [at the time of his death], and even though in general, the creditor collects the increase in value, this is one of the leniencies of the Ketubah that they taught here. And she does not take what is coming due to the estate as she does of what is held in possession.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:5)

**וְלֹא הַבָּנוֹת.** נוֹטְלוֹת מְזוֹנוֹת לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן בִּתְנַאי כְּתֻבָּה, וּבְנָן נוּקְבִין דִּי יֶהֶוְיָין לִיכִי מִנַּאי יֶהֶוְיָין יָתְבָן בְּבֵיתִי וּמִתַּזְּנָן מִנִּכְסַי, לֹא מִן הַשֶּׁבַח שֶׁהִשְׁבִּיחוּ הַנְּכָסִים וְלֹא מִן הָרָאוּי לָבֹא לְאַחַר מִיתָה. כֵּיוָן דִּמְזוֹנוֹת הַבָּנוֹת מִתְּנָאֵי כְּתֻבָּה הֵן כַּכְּתֻבָּה דָּמוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא הבנות – [the daughters do not] take maintenance/alimentation after the death of their father according to the conditions of her (i.e., the wife’s) Ketubah (see Tractate Ketubot, Chapter 4, Mishnah 11), but the female children, they will be yours, but from me they may dwell in my house and are supported from my property. Not from the increase in value of the property nor from that which is appropriate to come after death. Since the maintenance of the daughters is from the conditions of the Ketubah, they are like the Ketubah itself.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:6)

**וְלֹא הַיָּבָם.** הַנּוֹטֵל חֵלֶק הַמֵּת שֶׁיִּבֵּם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֵינוֹ נוֹטֵל חֵלֶק אָחִיו לֹא מִן הַשֶּׁבַח וְלֹא מִן הָרָאוּי לָבֹא. מַאי טַעֲמָא, דִּבְכוֹר קַרְיֵהּ רַחְמָנָא (דברים כה), וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד, כַּבְּכוֹר, מַה בְּכוֹר אֵינוֹ נוֹטֵל בַּשֶּׁבַח וְלֹא בָּרָאוּי לָבֹא, אַף יָבָם אֵין נוֹטֵל לֹא בַּשֶּׁבַח וְלֹא בָּרָאוּי לָבֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא היבם – [the levir] who takes a portion of the [property] of the dead when he performs levirate marriage with his wife, he does not take the portion of his brother, neither from the increase [in value] nor form that which is coming due to the estate [over time]. What is the reason? The All-Merciful calls him “the first born (Deuteronomy 25:6): “The first son that she bears shall be accounted to the dead brother,” like the first-born son; just as the first-born does not take from the increase nor that which is appropriate to come [to him], so too the levir does not take neither the increase in value nor what is appropriate to come (i.e., what is expected to accrue to the estate).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:7)

**וְכֻלָּן אֵינָן נוֹטְלִין בַּשֶּׁבַח.** הֲדַר תָּנָא לֵיהּ, לַאֲתוֹיֵי שְׁבָחָא דְמִמֵּילָא, כְּגוֹן תְּבוּאָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שַׁחַת כְּשֶׁמֵּת אָבִיו וְעַכְשָׁיו נַעֲשׂוּ שִׁבֳּלִים, אוֹ תְּמָרִים סְמָדַר וְנַעֲשׂוּ עַכְשָׁיו תְּמָרִים גְּדוֹלִים. דְּאִי מֵרֵישָׁא, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא כִּי אֵין בְּכוֹר נוֹטֵל פִּי שְׁנַיִם בַּשֶּׁבַח הָנֵי מִלֵּי בַּשֶּׁבַח שֶׁטָּרַח בּוֹ אָחִיו כְּגוֹן זִבּוּל שָׂדוֹת וְקִשְׁקוּשׁ וְעִדּוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכולן אינן נוטלין בשבח – He teaches this again [in the Mishnah] to include increase that comes of its own accord/automatically, as for example, grain that was ruined when his father died and now it made ears of corn, or dates in the budding stage and they now became large dates. For if the Mishnah had only taught the first clause, I would think that the firstborn does not take a double-portion of the increase in value, that they words refer to the increase that his brother was busy with as for example the manuring of the fields and the crushing of the earth and the hoeing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:9:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:9:8)

**וְלֹא בָרָאוּי כְּבַמֻּחְזָק.** לַאֲתוֹיֵי אִם הָיָה אֲבִי אֲבִיהֶם חַי בִּשְׁעַת מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶם וְהָיוּ נְכָסִים רְאוּיִים לִפֹּל לָהֶם כְּשֶׁיָּמוּת, אַף עַל גַּב דְּוַדַּאי עֲתִידִים לִפֹּל לָהֶם וַאֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ לוֹ בֵּן אַחֵר יִטְּלוּ אֵלּוּ חֵלֶק אֲבִיהֶן, וְסָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ אֲמֵינָא דִּכְמֻחְזָק דָּמֵי, קָמַשְׁמַע לָן. דְּאִי מֵרֵישָׁא, הֲוָה אֲמֵינָא רָאוּי דְּקָתָנֵי רֵישָׁא שֶׁאֵין הַבְּכוֹר נוֹטֵל בּוֹ, כְּגוֹן שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהֶן נִכְסֵי אֲחִי אֲבִיהֶן שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ בָּנִים בִּשְׁעַת מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן, וְאֵין רְאוּיִין אֶלָּא מִסָּפֵק דְּשֶׁמָּא לֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ זֶרַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא בראוי כבמוחזק – to include [as well] if the father of their father was alive at the time of the death of their father, that the property would be appropriate to them [via inheritance] when he would die, even though that certainly, it would eventually fall to them, and even if he has another son, these would take the portion of their father, for I might think that it is like what is held in possession. Hence, this is not the case. For if only from the first clause of the Mishnah, I might think that what is appropriate according to what is taught in the first clause, the first born does not take, as for example, when the property of the brother of their father who did not have children fell to them at the time of the death of their father, it is not appropriate other than from doubt, for perhaps he will not have issue.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:1)

**הַבְּכוֹרָה.** אֵינָהּ חוֹזֶרֶת בַּיּוֹבֵל דִּכְתִיב (דברים כא) פִּי שְׁנַיִם, מֵקִישׁ שְׁנֵי חֲלָקָיו זֶה לָזֶה, מַה חֵלֶק פְּשִׁיטוּתוֹ אֵינוֹ חוֹזֶרֶת בַּיּוֹבֵל דִּירֻשָּׁה הִיא כְּדִכְתִיב (שם) וְהָיָה בְּיוֹם הַנְחִילוֹ אֶת בָּנָיו, אַף חֵלֶק בְּכוֹרָתוֹ יְרֻשָּׁה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הבכורה – does not return [to the original owner] in the Jubilee year, as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:17): “a double portion, I make an analogy [of nearby verse fragments] of the two parts one to another, just as one part, his plain heir’s right does not return in the Jubilee year for it is an inheritance, as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:17): “When he wills the property to his sons,” even the part of is first-born son is [his] inheritance.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:2)

**וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ.** דְּהַאי תַּנָּא סָבַר דְּאוֹרַיְתָא הִיא, לִשְׁאֵרוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ וְיָרַשׁ אֹתָהּ (במדבר כז), מִכָּאן שֶׁהַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והיורש את אשתו – for this [anonymous] Tanna/teacher holds that this is from the Torah, (Numbers 27:11): “[If his father had no brothers, you shall assign his property] to his nearest relative in his own clan, and he shall inherit it,” from here, [we learn] that the husband inherits his wife [who dies first].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:3)

**וְהַמְיַבֵּם אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו.** וְנָטַל חֵלֶק אָחִיו, יְרֻשָּׁה גְּמוּרָה הִיא וְאֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיר לִשְׁאָר אֶחָיו בַּיּוֹבֵל. דִּבְכוֹר קַרְיֵהּ רַחְמָנָא, וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר, וְהַבְּכוֹרָה אֵינָהּ חוֹזֶרֶת בַּיּוֹבֵל כִּדְיָלְפִינַן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמיבם את אשת אחיו – and he took his brother’s portion, it is a complete inheritance and he doesn’t return to the rest of the brothers in the Jubilee year. For the All-Merciful calls him a first born (Deuteronomy 25:6): “The first son [that she bears shall be accounted to the dead brother, that his name may not be blotted out in Israel,] the firstborn status does not return in the Jubilee year as we have derived.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:4)

**וְהַמַּתָּנָה כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר.** דְּמֶכֶר הוּא דְּאָמַר רַחְמָנָא לֶיהְדַּר בַּיּוֹבֵל, יְרֻשָּׁה וּמַתָּנָה לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמתנה כדברי ר' מאיר – it is something sold, that the All-Merciful stated that it be returned in the Jubilee year, but an inheritance and a gift is not [returned[.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:5)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים מַתָּנָה כְּמֶכֶר.** כְּדִכְתִיב (ויקרא כה) בִּשְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל הַזֹּאת תָּשֻׁבוּ אִישׁ אֶל אֲחֻזָּתוֹ, וּקְרָא יְתֵרָא הוּא דְּהָא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר (שם) וְשַׁבְתֶּם אִישׁ אֶל אֲחֻזָּתוֹ, אֶלָּא לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַמַּתָּנָה הוּא דְּאָתָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים מתנה כמכר – as it is written (Leviticus 25:13): “In this year of jubilee, each of you shall return to his holding.” But it is an extraneous verse, for it has already been stated (Leviticus 25:10): “Each of you shall return to his holding [and each of you shall return to his family],” but it (i.e., the extraneous verse] comes in order to include the gift that it comes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:6)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר כֻּלָּן חוֹזְרִין בַּיּוֹבֵל.** סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנָן דְּאָמְרֵי תָּשׁוּבוּ לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַמַּתָּנָה, וְהָנֵי כֻּלְּהוּ מַתָּנָה נִינְהוּ. בְּכוֹר לָתֵת לוֹ פִּי שְׁנַיִם מַתָּנָה קַרְיֵהּ רַחְמָנָא. וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, יְרֻשַּׁת הַבַּעַל דְּרַבָּנָן. וְהַמְיַבֵּם אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, בְּכוֹר קַרְיֵהּ רַחְמָנָא, מַה בְּכוֹרָה חוֹזֶרֶת אַף יָבָם חוֹזֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר כולן חוזרים ביובל – He holds like the Rabbis who state that the word תשובו /shall return [to his holding] includes the gift. And these all of them are a gift. The firstborn – to give him a “double portion” (Deuteronomy 21:17) the All-Merciful calls a gift. And the person who inherits his wife, the inheritance of the husband is according to the Rabbis. And the one who performs levirate marriage on the wife of his [deceased] brother (who died without fathering any children), the All-Merciful calls him a first-born, for just as the first-born portion returns, so the levir returns [his portion].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:7)

**הַיּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ יַחֲזִיר לִבְנֵי מִשְׁפָּחָה.** רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה סְבִירָא לֵיהּ יְרֻשַּׁת הַבַּעַל אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ דְּאוֹרַיְתָא הִיא, וְהָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן כְּגוֹן שֶׁהוֹרִישָׁתוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת. וּמִשּׁוּם פְּגַם מִשְׁפָּחָה אָמְרוּ רַבָּנָן לִשְׁקֹל דְּמֵי וְלִיהַדַּר הַקְּבָרוֹת לִבְנֵי מִשְׁפָּחָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היורש את אשתו יחזיר לבני משפחה – Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka holds that the inheritance of the husband of his [deceased] wife is from the Torah, and here, what are we dealing with? As For example, that his wife had bequeathed to him a cemetery, but because of the blemish/discredit to the family, the Rabbis stated that they should consider the cost and return the graves to the members of the family.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot 8:10:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Bekhorot/r/8:10:8)

**וִינַכֶּה לָהֶם מִן הַדָּמִים.** דְּמֵי קֶבֶר אִשְׁתּוֹ. דְּהוּא מִיהַת חַיָּב בִּקְבוּרָתָהּ. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים דְּמַתָּנָה כְּמֶכֶר, וּכְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה דְּבַעַל שֶׁהוֹרִישָׁתוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת שָׁקֵיל דְּמֵי וּמַהְדַּר בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת לִבְנֵי מִשְׁפָּחָה, וּמְנַכֶּה לָהֶם מִן הַדָּמִים דְּמֵי קֶבֶר אִשְׁתּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וינכה להם מן הדמים – the cost of the grave of his wife. For he, at any rate, is responsible for her burial. But the Halakha is according to the Sages that a gift is like a sale, and according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka , for a husband whose wife bequeathed him a cemetery takes the money and returns the cemetery to the members of the family, and deducts from the monies the cost of his wife’s grave.