## Bartenura on Mishnah Demai Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:1)

**הַקַּלִּין שֶׁבַּדְּמַאי.** שֶׁהֵקֵלּוּ חֲכָמִים עַל הַפֵּרוֹת הַלָּלוּ הַנִּזְכָּרִים בְּמַתְנִיתִין שֶׁלֹּא לְעַשְּׂרָן דְּמַאי, לְפִי שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן בָּאִים מִן הַהֶפְקֵר, מִשּׁוּם דְּלֹא חֲשִׁיבֵי, וְאִית בְּהוּ תְּרֵי סְפֵקֵי, סָפֵק בָּאִים מִן הַהֶפְקֵר וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם תִּמְצָא לוֹמַר שֶׁבָּאִים מִן הַשָּׁמוּר וְחַיָּבִים בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁמָּא נִתְעַשְּׂרוּ. וּדְמַאי הֵם הַתְּבוּאָה וְהַפֵּרוֹת הַנִּלְקָחִים מֵעַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ שֶׁהֵם חֲשׁוּדִים עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. וְהֶחָבֵר הַלּוֹקֵחַ פֵּרוֹת מֵעַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ מֵהֶם תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּלְבָד אִם הִיא שְׁנַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אֲבָל תְּרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה לֹא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ עָלֶיהָ לְפִי שֶׁהִיא בְּמִיתָה, וְאֵין לָהּ שִׁעוּר שֶׁחִטָּה אַחַת פּוֹטֶרֶת כָּל הַכְּרִי, וְהַכֹּל נִזְהָרִים בָּהּ. וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהוֹצִיא מִן הַדְּמַאי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ חֲשׁוּדִים עֲלֵיהֶם, לְפִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל בַּעַל הַפֵּרוֹת לוֹמַר לַלֵּוִי אוֹ לֶעָנִי הַבָּאִים לִטֹּל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, הָבֵא רְאָיָה שֶׁאֵין פֵּרוֹת הַלָּלוּ מְעֻשָּׂרִים וְטֹּל, דְּקַיְמָא לָן בְּכָל דּוּכְתָּא הַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה. אֲבָל בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר לֵיכָּא לְמֵימַר הָכִי, שֶׁהָאוֹכֵל טֶבֶל שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מַתְּנוֹת כְּהֻנָּה חַיָּב מִיתָה וּמִשּׁוּם אִסּוּרָא מַפְרִישִׁינַן לַהּ לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נַמִּי כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא לְאָכְלוֹ בְּטֻמְאָה אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְאָכְלוֹ חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הקלין שבדמאי – that the Sages were lenient with regard to these produce which are mentioned in our Mishnah to not tithe what is doubtfully tithed, because their presumption is that they come from that which is ownerless because they are not important and they have two aspects of doubtfulness: there is a doubt that they come from that which is ownerless and they are exempt from the tithes. And even if you can say that they come from what is guarded and are liable for tithes perhaps they were tithed. Butדמאי /doubtfully tithed produce are the grain and the fruit that are taken from those who are not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes for they are suspect on tithing. But a חבר/member of the order for the observance of Levitical laws in daily intercourse who purchases produce from those who are not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes/עמי הארץ must separate from them only the heave-offering of the tithe and the Second Tithe if it is the year of the Second Tithe (i.e., years 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the seven-year cycle), but [regarding] תרומה גדולה/the Great Tithe (i.e., two percent) those who are not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes are not suspected [of violating] because it [is punishable] by death, and there is no limit/definite quantity or size that one piece of wheat can exempt all of the pile and everyone is careful concerning it. But First Tithe and the Tithe of the Poor there is no need to remove from that which is doubtfully tithed even though those who do not observe certain religious customs regarding tithes are suspected of [not observing] them, because the owner of the produce can say to the Levite or to the poor person who come to take the tithes: “bring proof that this produce is tithed and take it,” for we hold in every place (see Tractate Bava Kamma, Chapter 3, Mishnah 11): “He who wants to exact [compensation] from his fellow bears the burden of proof.” But [regarding] the heave-offering of the tithe, one doesn’t say this, for a person who eats produce that is forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts that were not separated from it is liable for death and because of the prohibition, we separate out for the heave-offering of the tithe, and also Second Tithe in order that they will not consume it in a state of ritual impurity, or that they should not eat it outside of Jerusalem.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:2)

**הַשִּׁיתִין.** תְּאֵנִים מִדְבָּרִיּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
השיתין – desert/wild figs.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:3)

**וְהָרִימִין.** פֵּרֵשׁ הֶעָרוּךְ פולצרא"קי בְּלַעַ"ז:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרימין (lote) – it is explained in the Arukh as POLTZARA”KI in the foreign language.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:4)

**וְעֻזְרָדִין.** בַּעֲרָבִי זערו"ד וּבְלַעַ"ז סורבי"ש:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והעוזרדין (sorb-apply/crab-apple) – In Arabic ZA’A’RUD, and in the foreign language SORBISH.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:5)

**וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ.** תְּאֵנִים לְבָנוֹת הַמִּתְגַּדְּלוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים לְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, וּמִתְגַּדְּלִים בַּיְעָרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובנות שוח – white figs that grow every three years , and grow in the forests.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:6)

**וּבְנוֹת שִׁקְמָה.** תְּאֵנָה הַמֻּרְכֶּבֶת בְּעַרְמוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובנות שקמה (young sycamore trees) – a fig that is grafted with a platanus.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:7)

**וְנוֹבְלוֹת תְּמָרָה.** תְּמָרִים שֶׁאֵינָם מִתְבַּשְּׁלִין בָּאִילָן וְתוֹלְשִׁין אוֹתָן וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתָם זֶה עַל זֶה עַד שֶׁיִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים נוֹבְלוֹת תְּמָרָה תְּמָרִים שֶׁהִפִּילָתָן הָרוּחַ קֹדֶם בִּשּׁוּלָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונובלות תמרה – dates which do not ripen on the tree and they detach them and place them one upon the other until they ripen. But there are those who say that the inferior quality of dates are dates that the wind blew them down prior to their ripening.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:8)

**גֻּפְנִים.** עֲנָבִים שֶׁמַּנִּיחִים אוֹתָן בַּגֶּפֶן בְּסוֹף הַבָּצִיר וּבְקֹשִׁי מִתְבַּשְּׁלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
גופנים (late grapes) – grapes that they place them in the vine at the end of the harvesting season and they ripen with difficulty.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:9)

**הַנִּצְפָּה.** צָלָף שֶׁקּוֹרִין קאיפר"י בְּלַעַ"ז:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנצפה – caper-bush that they call in the foreign language KAIPRI.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:10)

**הָאוֹג.** פְּרִי אָדֹם שֶׁקּוֹרִין לוֹ בְּלַעַ"ז קורניאול"י. וְרַמְבַּ"ם אוֹמֵר שֶׁהוּא אִילָן שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה כְּמִין אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת אֲדֻמּוֹת אֲדֻמּוֹת וְקוֹרִין לוֹ בַּעֲרָבִי סומא"ק. וְלֹא הָיָה זֶה הַפְּרִי חָשׁוּב בִּיהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האוג (red berry of the Venus summachtree) – a red fruit that we call in the foreign language KORNIOLI. But Maimonides says that it is a tree that makes a kind very red clusters of grapes, and we call them in the foreign language SUMMACH. But this fruit was not important in Judea.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:11)

**וְהַחֹמֶץ.** בִּתְחִלָּה לֹא הָיָה הַיַּיִן שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה מַחְמִיץ לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ מְבִיאִים מִמֶּנּוּ נְסָכִים, וְכָל הַחֹמֶץ שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה לֹא הָיָה בָּא אֶלָּא מִן הַתֶּמֶד, לְפִיכָךְ הַחֹמֶץ שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה פָּטוּר. אֲבָל לְאַחַר שֶׁבָּטְלוּ נְסָכִים וְהַחֹמֶץ בָּא מִן הַיַּיִן, הַחֹמֶץ חַיָּב בִּדְמַאי אַף בִּיהוּדָה כְּמוֹ בִשְׁאָר מְקוֹמוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והחומץ – at first, the wine that was in Judea would not ferment because they would bring from it libations and all the vinegar that was in Judea was not in it but rather from the husks and stalks of (pressed) grapes, seeped in water,, used ass an inferior wine; therefore the vinegar in Judea is exempt [from tithing]. But after the libations were abolished and the vinegar came from the wine, the vinegar was liable for being doubtfully tithed even in Judea like in the rest of the places.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:12)

**וְהַכֻּסְבָּר.** כִּזְרַע גַּד (שמות טז) תַּרְגּוּם יְרוּשַׁלְמִי כֻּסְבָּר, כוליאנדר"ו בְּלַעַ"ז:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והכוסבר (coriander) – like (Exodus 16:31): “[The house of Israel named it manna;] it was like coriander seed, [white and it tasted like wafers in honey];” the Jerusalem Targum calls כוסבר – KOLIANDARO in the foreign language.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:13)

**דְּיוּפְרָא.** שֶׁטּוֹעֵן פֵּרוֹתָיו שְׁנֵי פְעָמִים בַּשָּׁנָה. דְּיוּ בִּלְשׁוֹן יָוָן שְׁנַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דיופרא (a species of figs) – bearing its fruit twice a year. דיו in the Greek language is “two.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:14)

**שִׁקְמוֹנָה.** שֵׁם מָקוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שקמונה – name of a place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:1:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:1:15)

**הַמֻּסְטָפוֹס.** שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ בָּאִילָן עַד שֶׁנִּתְבַּקְּעוּ מֵאֲלֵיהֶן. שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ חֲשׁוּבִים הֵן וְחֶזְקָתָן שֶׁאֵין בָּאִין מִן הַהֶפְקֵר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המוסטפוס (fruit burst open – naturally or through scarification) – that ripened on the tree until it burst open from on its own. For all of these are important and their presumption is that they don’t come from something ownerless. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:1)

**הַדְּמַאי אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ.** הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, מִשּׁוּם דְּרֹב עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ מְעַשְּׂרִין הֵם. הִלְכָּךְ קֶרֶן דִּמְעַכֵּב בִּדְאוֹרַיְתָא אִיתָא בִּדְרַבָּנָן, חֹמֶשׁ דְּלֹא מְעַכֵּב בִּדְאוֹרַיְתָא יֵאָכֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דמאי אין לו חומש – a person who redeems Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce does not give the extra one-fifth (i.e., if he is only bringing the monetary value of his produce and not the actual produce to Jerusalem) because since most of those who are not observing certain religious custom regarding tithes/עמי הארץ – do tithe. Therefore, the principal that is indispensable (i.e., does not invalidate an act by omission) according to the laws of the Torah is brought according to the Rabbis, but the [added] one-fifth is not indispensable according to the Torah can be consumed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:2)

**וְאֵין לוֹ בִּעוּר.** בְּסוֹף שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, שֶׁחַיָּב לְבַעֵר כָּל מַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו כְּדִכְתִיב (דברים כו) בִּעַרְתִּי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִן הַבַּיִת, וְלֹא תִקְּנוּהוּ רַבָּנָן בִּדְמַאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואין לו ביעור – at the end of three years, a person is obligated to remove/destroy all of his tithes, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:13): “[you shall declare before the LORD your God:] ‘I have cleared out the consecrated portion from the house [- and have given it to the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless and the widow, that they may eat their fill in your settlements’],” but the Rabbis did not institute this with doubtfully tithed produce.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:3)

**וְנֶאֱכָל לְאוֹנֵן.** דְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל וַדַּאי אָסוּר לָאוֹנֵן כְּדִכְתִיב (שם) לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בְאוֹנִי מִמֶּנּוּ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי לֹא גָזְרוּ בוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונאכל לאונן – for certainly [tithed] Second Tithe is prohibited to a mourner before the burial of a kinsman/אונן as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:14): “I have not eaten of it while in mourning,” but Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce, they (i.e., the Rabbis) did not make a decree concerning this.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:4)

**וְנִכְנָס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצֵא.** נִפְדֶּה וְנֶאֱכָל חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁהַמְּחִצּוֹת קוֹלְטוֹת וְאֵין יְכוֹלִין לִפְדּוֹתוֹ וּלְהוֹצִיאוֹ חוּץ לַחוֹמָה לְאַחַר שֶׁנִכְנַס, וּבִדְמַאי לֹא גָזְרוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונכנס לירושלים ויוצא – it is redeemed and consumed outside of Jerusalem, which is not the case concerning definitely [tithed produce] which the walls [of Jerusalem] retain/protect and people are unable to redeem it and to remove outside the wall [of Jerusalem] after he has entered, but with doubtfully tithed produce, it is not decreed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:5)

**וּמְאַבְּדִים מִעוּטוֹ בַּדְּרָכִים.** אִם הָיָה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי בַּדְּרָכִים בִּמְקוֹם גְּדוּדֵי חַיָּה וְלִסְטִים, אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה דָּבָר מֻעָט וְיָכוֹל לַהֲבִיאוֹ בְּלֹא טֹרַח וּבְלֹא הֶפְסֵד, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לוֹ וּמַנִּיחַ אוֹתוֹ לֵאָבֵד בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא שָׁם. וְרַמְבַּ"ם פֵּרֵשׁ שֶׁאִם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמּוֹלִיךְ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם נֶאֱבַד מִמֶּנּוּ מְעַט בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לוֹ, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיַּעֲלֵהוּ כֻּלּוֹ אוֹ דָמָיו וְלֹא יִפָּסֵד מִמֶּנּוּ כְּלוּם בַּדְּרָכִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומאבדים מעוטו בדרך (and they lose/abandon a small portion of it on the roads) – if it was doubtfully tithed Second Tithe on the roads in a place where there are hords of wild beasts or robbers, even if there was a small amount and he could bring it without trouble or without loss , it does not concern/worry him and he leaves it to be abandoned on the road in the place where he is. And Maimonides explained that if at the time that he is bringing Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce in Jerusalem and a small amount was lost to him on the way, it should not concern him, what is not the case with certainly tithed produce that he must bring all of it up or its monetary value [plus the added one-fifth] and not lose any of it on the way.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:6)

**וְנוֹתְנִים אוֹתוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ.** לְאָכְלוֹ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד לְאָכְלוֹ בְּטֻמְאָה, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁאֵין מוֹסְרִים אוֹתוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִזְהָר לְאָכְלוֹ בְּטָהֳרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונותנים אותו לעם הארץ – to eat in Jerusalem, and even though he is suspected of consuming it while in a state of ritual impurity, which is not the case with certainly tithed [produce] that we don’t hand over to a person who does not observe certain religious practices related to tithes (i.e., an עם הארץ ) because he is not careful to consume it in a state of ritual purity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:7)

**וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדוֹ.** כְּנֶגֶד מַה שֶּׁנָּתַן לְעַם הָאָרֶץ לוֹקֵחַ מִנְּכָסָיו וְאוֹכֵל בְּטָהֳרַת מַעֲשֵׂר בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויאכל כנגדו (and he consumes its equivalent) – corresponding to what he gave to a person who does not observe religious practices related to tithes , he takes from his possessions and consumes with the ritual purity of the Second Tithe in Jerusalem.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:8)

**וּמְחַלְּלִים אוֹתוֹ כֶּסֶף עַל כֶּסֶף.** אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ כֶּסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי וְהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ יָכוֹל לְחַלְּלוֹ עַל כֶּסֶף חֻלִּין, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּוַדַּאי, שֶׁאֵין מְחַלְּלִין כֶּסֶף עַל כֶּסֶף אֶלָּא בִּסְלָעִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵי מְלָכִים שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְחַלֵּל זֶה עַל זֶה אִם הַשֵּׁנִי חָרִיף, אֲבָל שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ אֶחָד לֹא דְּלָאו דֶּרֶךְ חִלּוּל הוּא, וּבִדְמַאי שָׁרֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומחללים אותו כסף על כסף (and they redeem it [exchange its redemption money] silver for silver) – if he has silver coins of Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce and he needs it, he is able to redeem it for unconsecrated silver coins, what is not the case with certainly tithed [Second Tithe] that he doesn’t redeem silver for silver but rather Selas of the two kings that he can redeem one for the other if the second is current coinage but that of [only] one king, he cannot for this is not the manner of redemption, but for doubtfully tithed produce, it is permitted.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:9)

**כֶּסֶף עַל נְחֹשֶׁת.** אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא מִדֹּחַק. אֲבָל שֶׁל וַדַּאי מִדֹּחַק אִין, שֶׁלֹּא מִדֹּחַק לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כסף על נחשת (silver for copper) – even it is not an emergency, but of certainly [tithed produce] in an emergency one can [make this exchange], but not in a time which is not an emergency.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:2:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:2:10)

**וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִפְדֶּה אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת.** גָּרְסִינַן, וְלֹא גָרְסִינַן וּבִלְבָד שֶׁיַּחֲזֹר וְיִפְדֶּה. וְהָכִי קָאָמַר וְיָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר וְלִפְדּוֹת אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת אִם יִרְצֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר וְלִפְדּוֹתָם אֶלָּא מַעֲלֶה הַפֵּרוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויחזור ויפדה את הפירות – we have this reading, and we don’t have the reading of"ובלבד שיחזור ויפדה" /provided that he again redeem the produce [for money].” And this is what he said: And he can return and redeem the produce if he wants, the words of Rabbi Meir, but the Sages say: He cannot return and redeem them but rather, he brings up the produce to Jerusalem [and consumes it there]. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:1)

**הַלּוֹקֵחַ לְזֶרַע.** לָקַח תְּבוּאָה לְזָרְעָהּ פָּטוּר בִּדְמַאי, דְּאִלּוּ טֶבֶל וַדַּאי אָסוּר לִזְרֹעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הלוקח לזרע – he purchased grain to sow it, he is exempt [from tithes] with doubtfully tithed produce, whereas eatables which ae forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts, is definitely prohibited to sow [with them].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:2)

**וְלִבְהֵמָה.** לָקַח מִתְּחִלָּה לְהַאֲכִיל לִבְהֵמָה פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי. אֲבָל לָקַח מִתְּחִלָּה לְאָדָם וְנִמְלַךְ עָלֶיהָ לִבְהֵמָה חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר בִּדְמַאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולבהמה – he purchased from the beginning to feed his cattle he is exempt [from tithing] that which is doubtfully tithed. But if he purchased from the beginning for humans and changed his mind regarding it [and gave it] to his cattle, he is liable to tithe that which is doubtfully tithed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:3)

**וְקֶמַח לְעוֹרוֹת.** לְעַבֵּד בּוֹ עוֹרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וקמח לעורות – to tan the hides.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:4)

**מִכְּזִיב וּלְהַלָּן.** כְּזִיב הוּא סוֹף הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁכָּבְשׁוּ עוֹלֵי בָּבֶל, וּמִשָּׁם וּלְהַלָּן כָּבְשׁוּ עוֹלֵי מִצְרַיִם וְלֹא כָּבְשׁוּ עוֹלֵי בָּבֶל, וְלֹא נִתְחַיְּבוּ בִּדְמַאי אֶלָּא הָאֲרָצוֹת שֶׁכָּבְשׁוּ עוֹלֵי בָּבֶל בִּלְבָד, הִלְכָּךְ מִכְּזִיב וּלְהַלָּן פָּטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי וְלֹא חַיְשִׁינַן שֶׁמָּא מִפֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ שֶׁכָּבְשׁוּ עוֹלֵי בָּבֶל הוֹלִיכוּ לְשָׁם, שֶׁחֶזְקַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ פָּטוּר עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע לְךָ שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב וְחֶזְקַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל חַיָּב, עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע לְךָ שֶׁהוּא פָּטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מכזיב ולהלן – Keziv is the end of the place where those who came up from Babylonia conquered and from there and onwards, those who came up from Egypt conquered, but those who came up from Babylonia did not conquer, but they were not liable for [tithing] doubtfully tithed produce other than from those lands that those who came up from Babylonia conquered alone, therefore from Keziv and onwards is exempt from [tithing] that which is doubtfully tithed, and we don’t worry that perhaps from the produce of the Land [of Israel] that those who came up from Babylonia brought there, for the presumption of that which is outside the Land [of Israel] is exempt until it is known to you that it is liable, and the presumption of the Land of Israel is that it is obligatory until it is known to you that it is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:5)

**חַלַּת עַם הָאָרֶץ.** שֶׁתִּקֵּן לוֹ גַּבָּל חָבֵר וְרוֹצֶה לִתְּנָהּ לְכֹהֵן חָבֵר, פָּטוּר מִלְּעַשֵּׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חלת עם הארץ – that the kneader/baker who is a member of the order for the observance of Levitical laws in daily intercourse prepared for him and wants to give to it to a Kohen who is a member of the order of Levitical laws in daily intercourse is exempt from tithing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:6)

**וְהַמְדֻמָּע.** עַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁנָּפְלָה לוֹ סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה סְאִין שֶׁל חֻלִּין, שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הַכֹּל מְדֻמָּע כְּלוֹמַר עֵרוּב תְּרוּמָה, וְנוֹתֵן הַכֹּל לַכֹּהֵן, פָּטוּר מִלְּעַשֵּׂר דְּמַאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמדומע – a person who does not observe certain religious customs concerning tithes that fell to him a Seah of heave-offering in less than one-hundred Seah of unconsecrated produce, that everything became mixed in proportions sufficient to make the whole prohibited to non-priests, that is to say, a mixture of heave-offering and he gives everything to a Kohen, he is exempt from tithing that which is doubtfully tithed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:7)

**וְהַלָּקוּחַ בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר.** שֶׁלָּקַח דְּמַאי בְּמָעוֹת שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בֵּין בִּמְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי בֵּין בִּמְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל וַדַּאי, פָּטוּר מִלְּעַשֵּׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והלקוח בכסף מעשר – that he acquired doubtfully tithed produce with the monies of Second Tithe, whether they are the monies of Second Tithe of produce doubtfully tithed or with the monies of Second Tithe that are definitely [tithed], he is exempt from tithing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:8)

**וּשְׁיָרֵי מְנָחוֹת.** שֶׁהַקֹּמֶץ לַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְהַשְּׁיָרִים נֶאֱכָלִים לַכֹּהֲנִים, וְלֹא חַיְשִׁינַן שֶׁמָּא הֵבִיא עַם הָאָרֶץ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְתֻקָּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושירי מנחות – that the person who takes a handful of the meal offering which the priest takes to be put on the altar and the left-overs are eaten by the Kohen and we don’t worry that perhaps a person who does not observe certain religious customs concerning tithes (i.e., an עם הארץ) brings something that is not legally fit for use by giving the priestly dues.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:3:9)

**שֶׁמֶן עָרֵב.** שֶׁמֶן אֲפַרְסְמוֹן. וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים שֶׁמֶן זַיִת מְעֹרָב עִם מוֹר וַאֲהָלוֹת וּבְשָׂמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמן ערב (spiced oil) – balsamum oil, and there are those who interpret olive coil that is combined with myrrh and aloe and spices.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:1)

**מְעָרְבִין בּוֹ.** עֵרוּבֵי תְּחוּמִין וַחֲצֵרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מערבין בו – the joining of borders and the joining of courtyards.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:2)

**וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בּוֹ.** שִׁתּוּפֵי מְבוֹאוֹת, וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא חָזֵי לֵיהּ, מִגּוֹ דְּאִי בָּעֵי מַפְקִיר לְנִכְסֵיהּ הֲוֵי עָנִי וְחָזֵי לֵיהּ, דְּהָא תְּנַן מַאֲכִילִין אֶת הָעֲנִיִּים דְּמַאי, הַשְׁתָּא נַמִּי חָזֵי לֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומשתתפין בו -the merging of alleyways and even though that he did not see it, because if he wanted, he could declare all his property ownerless and would be poor and it is appropriate for him, and this is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Demai, Chapter 3, Mishnah 1): We feed the poor people doubtfully tithed produce, now also it is appropriate for him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:3)

**וּמְבָרְכִין עָלָיו.** בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומברכין עליו – the prayer after the meal/ברכת המזון.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:4)

**וּמְזַמְּנִין עָלָיו.** וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּאָכַל בַּעֲבֵרָה, דְּלָאו עָנִי הוּא, מִגּוֹ דְּאִי בָּעֵי מַפְקִיר לְנִכְסֵיהּ וַהֲוֵי עָנִי וְחָזֵי לֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומזמנין עליו – and even though he ate while sinning hat he wasn’t poor, for if he wanted he could declare ownerless all his possessions and he would be poor and it would be appropriate for him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:5)

**וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתוֹ עָרוֹם.** כְּשֶׁבָּא לְהַפְרִישׁ מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי יָכוֹל לְהַפְרִישׁ וְהוּא עָרוֹם, דְּלֹא בָּעֵי בְּרוּכֵי, דְּאִלּוּ בָּעֵי בְּרוּכֵי הָא בָּעִינַן וְהָיָה מַחֲנֶיךָ קָדוֹשׁ (דברים כג) וְלֵיכָּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומפרישין אותו ערום – when he comes to separate from it the heave-offering of the tithe [for the Levite] and he Second Tithe, he is able to separate it and he is naked and does not need to make a blessing, for if he made a blessing, we require (Deuteronomy 23:15): “let your camp be holy,” but it is not.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:6)

**בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת.** שֶׁל עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, דְּסָפֵק חֲשֵׁכָה מְעַשְּׂרִין אֶת הַדְּמַאי וְאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִין אֶת הַוַּדַּאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בין השמשות – on the eve of the Sabbath, for when it doubtfully dark we tithe the doubtfully tithed, but we don’t tithe that which is definitely tithed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:7)

**וְאִם הִקְדִּים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן.** שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי קֹדֶם שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן כְּדֵי לִטֹּל תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבּוֹ, אֵין בְּכָךְ כְּלוּם. מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּוַדַּאי, דִּתְנַן כְּכָל מִצְוָתְךָ אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָנִי (שם כו), הָא אִם הִקְדִּים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְוַדּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם הקדים מעשר שני לראשון – if he separated out the Second Tithe prior to his separating out the First Tithe in order to take the heave-offering of the tithe that is in it, it does not matter. What is not the case regarding definitely tithed where it teaches in the Mishnah (Tractate Maaser Sheni, Chapter 5, Mishnah 11) (Deuteronomy 26:13): “just as you commanded me,” but if he separated Second Tithe prior to the First [Tithe], he is not able to confess (Deuteronomy 26:5-10).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:8)

**הַגַּרְדִּי.** הָאוֹרֵג:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הגרדי – the weaver.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:9)

**חַיָּב בִּדְמָאי.** שֶׁעַל גּוּפוֹ הוּא נוֹתְנוֹ, וְסִיכָה כִּשְׁתִיָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חייב בדמאי – for on his body he gives it and anointing is considered like drinking.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Demai 1:4:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Demai/r/1:4:10)

**וְשֶׁהַסּוֹרֵק.** הַצֶּמֶר בַּמַּסְרֵק נוֹתֵן עַל הַצֶּמֶר הֲוֵי כְּשֶׁמֶן לָסוּךְ בּוֹ אֶת הַכֵּלִים וּפָטוּר מִן הַדְּמַאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והסורק (the wool comber) – with a comb he places on the wool it is like oil to anoint/pour oil the utensils and he is exempt from tithing that which is doubtfully tithed.