## Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot Chapter 6

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:1:1)

**רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא הֵעִיד.** שֶׁמְּמָאֲנִים אֶת הַקְּטַנּוֹת. כְּגוֹן שְׁנֵי אַחִים נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת יְתוֹמוֹת, אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה, מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה וְנִמְצֵאת זְקוּקָה לְיָבָם בַּעַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְדוֹחָה זִקָּתָהּ אֶת נִשּׂוּאֵי אֲחוֹתָהּ הַקְּטַנָּה וְאוֹסַרְתָּהּ עָלָיו, שֶׁאֵין נִשּׂוּאֵי קְטַנָּה כְּלוּם, מְלַמְּדִים אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ, וּמֵאוּן עוֹקֵר נִשּׂוּאִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וּמֻתָּר לְיַבֵּם הַגְּדוֹלָה. וְכֵן יֵשׁ אַחֶרֶת כַּיּוֹצֵא בְּזוֹ בְּמַסֶּכֶת יְבָמוֹת פֶּרֶק בֵּית שַׁמַּאי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יהודה בן בבא העיד. שממאנים את הקטנות – such as the case of two brothers who are married to two orphan sisters, one older and one younger. The husband of the older one died and she is now found in need of a levir, the husband of the younger, and we override her interdependence of a childless widow [the younger] and her late husband’s brother, the levirate relation, and prohibit her upon him for the marriage of the younger woman is seen as valueless. We teach the younger woman that she should refuse him for the her refusal uproots her first marriage, and then he is permitted to marry the older wife of the brother who died without issue, and similarly if there is another, in a similar manner, in Tractate Yevamot, Chapter “The House of Shammai” (Chapter 13, Mishnah 7).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:1:2)

**וְשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה.** שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבָא עֵד אֶחָד בִּלְבַד וְאָמַר שֶׁמֵּת, מַשִּׂיאִין אוֹתָהּ עַל פִּיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומשיאין את האשה – whose husband went to abroad and only one witnesses came and said trhat he died, we allow her to [re]marry on his word.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:1:3)

**וְשֶׁנִּסְקַל תַּרְנְגוֹל שֶׁהָרַג אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ.** שֶׁנִּקֵּר מֹחוֹ שֶׁל תִּינוֹק. וְאַף עַל פִּי דְּכִי יִגַּח שׁוֹר כְּתִיב, אֶחָד שׁוֹר וְאֶחָד כָּל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, שֶׁכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שׁוֹר אָנוּ לְמֵדִין שׁוֹר שׁוֹר מִשַּׁבָּת, מַה לְּהָלָן הוּא הַדִּין לְכָל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, אַף כָּאן הוּא הַדִּין לְכָל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ושנסקל תרנגול שהרג את הנפש – that perorated the brain of a baby and even though it is written (Exodus 22:28): “When an ox gores [a man or a woman...],” both an ox and cattle, beasts and birds are included, for every place where it says, “ox,” we learn (Deuteronomy 5:14): “[but the seventh day is a sabbath of the LORD your God; you shall not do any work] – you, your son, or your daughter, your male or female slave, your ox or your ass, or any of your cattle…” from [the law of] Shabbat. Just as further on, the same law applies to all cattle, beasts and birds, even here the same law applies to all cattle, beasts and birds.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:1:4)

**וְעַל הַיַּיִן בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם.** וּמִקַּמֵּי הָכִי פָּסוּל, דַּהֲוָה לֵיהּ יַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל יין בן ארבעים יום – but prior to this, it is invalid, for it is wine from its vat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:1:5)

**שֶׁקָּרַב בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת.** שֶׁפַּעַם אַחַת בִּימֵי מַלְכוּת יָוָן לֹא הָיוּ לָהֶם כְּבָשִׂים לַתְּמִידִין וְנִשְׁתַּהוּ לְהַקְרִיב הַתָּמִיד, עַד שֶׁהֵאִיר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עֵינֵיהֶם וּמָצְאוּ שְׁנֵי טְלָאִים מְבֻקָּרִים בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַטְּלָאִים, וְהִקְרִיבוּ תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת בַּיּוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שקרב בארבע שעות – that one time during the days of the Grecian kingdom, they did not have lambs to sacrifice the daily whole burnt offering until the Holy One, blessed be He enlightened their eyes and they found two lambs which passed examination in the chamber of the lambs, and they offered the daily whole burnt offering of the morning at the fourth hour of the day.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:1)

**עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת.** שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כַּזַּיִת. דְּכַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת לְעוֹלָם מְטַמֵּא לְדִבְרֵי הַכֹּל כַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ. וְלֹא נֶחְלְקוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר קָטָן שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כַּזַּיִת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
על אבר מן המת (see also Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 7)- which lacks the equivalent of an olive’s bulk, for the equivalent of an olive’s bulk from the dead always defiles, according to the words of everyone, like the dead himself. And they did not dispute other than on a small limb which lacks in it the equivalent of an olive’s bulk.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:2)

**לֹא אָמְרוּ.** אֵבָרִים אֵין לָהֶם שִׁעוּר, אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, אֲבָל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת שִׁעוּרָא בָּעֵי לְטַמּוֹיֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא אמרו – limbs lack a fixed measurement, other than on the limb from a living person, but a limb from a dead person – a barley’s amount is necessary to defile.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:3)

**מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַחַיִּים.** הַשְׁתָּא פָּרֵיךְ עַל קַל וָחֹמֶר, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר, דִּין הוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי מְטַמֵּא בְּכָל שֶׁהוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא, שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ שֶׁמְּרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַחַיִּים מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּתִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מרובה טומאת החיים – now it raises an object on a Kal V’Homer/an a fortiori inference and this is how it should be read: it is law that a limb from a living being defiles in any amount even though a limb from a dead individual does not defile in any amount, for we have found that the defilement from the living is greater than the defilement from the dead.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:4)

**שֶׁהַחַי.** דְּהַיְנוּ הַזָּב כְּשֶׁהוּא חַי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שהחי – that is the person with a flux who is alive (see also Tractate Zavim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 6).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:5)

**עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב.** כָּל כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה, לְטַמֵּא אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים, כְּדִכְתִיב (ויקרא טו) וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עושה משכב ומושב – all utensils that are under it, and even if they are one hundred, defiles man and defiles clothing, as it is written (Leviticus 15:5): “Anyone who touches his bedding shall wash his wash his clothes,[bate in water, and remain impure until evening].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:6)

**וְעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף.** כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת מַדָּף, דְּהַיְנוּ טֻמְאָה קַלָּה, שֶׁאֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים כְּמוֹ מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב שֶׁהֵן תַּחְתָּיו, אֲבָל מְטַמְּאִים אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים. וּמַדָּף הוּא לְשׁוֹן קוֹל עָלֶה נִדָּף (ויקרא כו) כְּלוֹמַר טֻמְאָה קַלָּה. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, לְשׁוֹן רֵיחוֹ נוֹדֵף, שֶׁרֵיחַ טֻמְאַת הַזָּב הוֹלֶכֶת לְמֵרָחוֹק לְטַמֵּא כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע בָּהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל גביו מדף – all utensils that are on the person with a flux, even if they are one-hundred, this one on top of that one, are all impure through indirect contact for conferring ritual impurity, that is a a light impurity, which do not defile a person or utensils like surfaces designed for lying and sitting which are below him, but do defile food-stuffs and liquids, and the word מדף/indirect contact – is based upon the expression (Leviticus 26:36): “The sound of a driven leaf [shall put them to flight,” that is a light defilement. Another explanation: the expression its breath smells, that the breath of the defilement of an individual with a flux travels great distances to defile all the utensils upon it, even though it did not come in contact with them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:2:7)

**מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא.** דְּכֵלִים שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו שֶׁל מֵת אֵין טְמֵאִים אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִי וּשְׁלִישִׁי בִּלְבַד, מִדִּין מַגָּע. שֶׁהַכְּלִי שֶׁנָּגַע בַּמֵּת הֲרֵי הוּא כַּמֵּת, וְעוֹשֶׂה הַכְּלִי שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ אָב, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה רִאשׁוֹן, וְתוּ אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין כֵּלִים, דְּאֵין כֵּלִים מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא מֵאַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וְכֵן כֵּלִים שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו שֶׁל מֵת אֵינָן טְמֵאִים אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן שֵׁנִי וּשְׁלִישִׁי בִּלְבַד מִדִּין מַגָּע, וְלֹא מִדִּין מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מה שאין המת מטמא – for the utensils that are under the dead person are not defiled other than first-degree and second-degree and third-degree alone. From the law of contact, for the utensils that came in contact/touched the dead is like the dead, and makes the utensil that it came in contact with a primary [level of defilement], and [something that is is] third level of defilement that came in contact with it is made into first-degree [of defilement] and further than that, does not defile utensils. For utensils do not receive defilement other than from a primary-level of defilement. And similarly, utensils that are upon the dead do not defile other than first-degree, second-degree or third degree alone, from the law of contact, and not from the law of lying and sitting.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:1)

**כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי.** אֵבֶר שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מִן הָאָדָם הַחַי, דִּינוֹ שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא אֵבֶר שָׁלֵם, בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל, כַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יט) בַּחֲלַל חֶרֶב אוֹ בְּמֵת, אֵבֶר שֶׁהִבְדִּילַתּוּ הַחֶרֶב מִן הַחַי הֲרֵי הוּא כַּמֵּת. וְהַבָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַחַי אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אֵבֶר שָׁלֵם. וּכְשֶׁפֵּרַשׁ כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא כְּדִמְפָרֵשׁ טַעֲמָא וְאָזֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כזית בשר הפורש מאבר מן החי – a limb that separates from a living person, it’s law is that it defiles all the while it is a complete limb while in contact and while being carried and in the tent of the dead person himself, as it is written (Numbers 19:16): “[And in the open, anyone who touches a person] who was killed, or who died naturally...,” the limb that had been severed by the sword from the living, it is like the dead. And the flesh that separates from the living does not defile until it becomes a complete limb and when an olive’s bulk of flesh separates from the limb of a living person, Rabbi Eliezer defiles as it explains the reason further on.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:2)

**עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה.** מִן הַמֵּת, מְטַמֵּא בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּאֹהֶל, דִּכְתִיב (שם) וְעַל הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּעֶצֶם, וַהֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּכַשְּׂעֹרָה. וּכְשֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַמֵּא וְכוּ':

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עצם כשעורה – from the dead defiles through contact and through carrying but it does not defile in the tent, as it is written (Numbers 19:18): ‘”or on him who touched the bones [or the person who was killed or died naturally or the grave],” and it is a traditional interpretation of a written law that it defiles with a barley seed in bulk, and when it separates from a living limb, Rabbi Nehuniah defiles it, etc.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:3)

**מָצִינוּ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם.** כִּדְיָלְפִינַן מִקְרָא בַּחֲלַל חֶרֶב אוֹ בְּמֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מצינו אבר מן החי כמת עצמו – that we derive it from the Biblical verse (Numbers 19:16): “who was killed or died naturally.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:4)

**אִם טִמֵּאתָ כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת.** כְּלוֹמַר דִּין הוּא שֶׁכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת יְהֵא טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן יֵשׁ בּוֹ חֻמְרָא אַחֶרֶת, שֶׁעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ נַמִּי טָמֵא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם טמאת כזית בשר הפורש מן המת – that is to say, it is a law that an olive’s bulk of flesh that separates from the dead person will be defiled, just as it has another stringency that the bone is like a barley-seed in bulk that separates from it is also impure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:5)

**אֲבָל נְטַמֵּא כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי.** בִּתְמִיָּה. שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין בּוֹ זֹאת הַחֻמְרָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל נטמא כזית בשר הפורש מאבר מן החי – in astonishment, for there isn’t in this that stringency.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:6)

**שֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ.** דְּהָא תְּנַן לְעֵיל עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֲרִין. וּמִדִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ עָשׂוּ פִּרְכָא לְמַה מָּצִינוּ שֶׁהֵבִיא, וְכֵן לְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שכן טהרת עצם כשעורה הפורש ממנו – for it is taught in the Mishnah above that a bone which is a barley-seed in bulk that separates from a living limb, Rabbi Eliezer and RabbiYehoshua declare if pure, but from its own words, they made an objection/refutation what did we find that he brought and similarly to Rabbi Nehunia..”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:7)

**שֶׁהַבָּשָׂר נוֹהֵג בַּנְּבֵלוֹת וּבַשְּׁרָצִים וְכוּ'.** דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יא) וְהַנֹּגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָם, בְּנִבְלָתָם וְלֹא בָּעֲצָמוֹת וְלֹא בַּקַּרְנַיִם וְלֹא בַּטְּלָפַיִם, אַלְמָא אֵין הָעֲצָמוֹת מְטַמְּאִים מִשּׁוּם נְבֵלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שהבשר נוהג בנבילות ובשרצים וכו' – as it is written (Leviticus 11:36): “[However, a spring or cistern in which water is collected shall be pure,] but whoever touches such a carcass in it shall be impure.” Such a carcass, and not the bones, and not the horns and not the cloven hoofs. So we see that the bones do not defile because of a carrion (that dies of itself).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:8)

**אֵבֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי.** אֵבֶר אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יט) אוֹ בְּעֶצֶם אָדָם, מָה אָדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת, אַף כָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת. וְאִם חָסֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁהָיָה עָלָיו וְנִשְׁאַר בּוֹ בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה אֲרוּכָה וְיַבְרִיא אִם הָיָה מְחֻבָּר בְּאָדָם חַי, מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבֶר. וְהַיְנוּ דְּקָאָמַר חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר טָמֵא. אֲבָל אִם נֶחְסַר כָּל שֶׁהוּא מִן הָעֶצֶם שֶׁבָּאֵבָר, שׁוּב אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֵבֶר. וְהַיְנוּ דְּקָאָמַר חָסֵר הָעֶצֶם טָהוֹר, כְּלוֹמַר טָהוֹר מִשּׁוּם אֵבֶר אֲבָל טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם בָּשָׂר, וְאִם כֵּן מָצִינוּ שֶׁמְּרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת בָּשָׂר מִטֻּמְאַת עֶצֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבר שיש עליו בשר כראוי – a limb does not defile other than if it has flesh and sinews and bones, as it is written (Numbers 19:16)” “or human bone,” just as a person who has flesh and sinews and bones, also all that have flesh and sinews and bones, and if it is missing from the flesh that was upon it and there remains upon it flesh as appropriate that will produce new flesh on a healing wound if it is attached to a living person, it defiles because of the limb, and that is - as we have said that if is missing the flesh, it is impure, but if it is missing a little bit from the bone in the limb, it does not defile because of the limb and that is as we have said, missing the bone, it is pure. That is to say, pure because of the limb, but it is impure because of the flesh and if so, we found that the defilement of the flesh is greater than the defilement from the bone.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:9)

**וְהוּא כִּבְרִיָתוֹ.** בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והוא כברייתו – flesh and sinews and bones.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:10)

**כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל.** אָמְרוּ לְפִי שֶׁתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם כַּזַּיִת, לְפִיכָךְ שִׁעוּר טֻמְאָתוֹ בְּכַזַּיִת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כזית בשר מטמא במגע ובמשא ובאהל – they said according to the beginning of the creation of man is as an olive’s bulk. Therefore the measure of his defilement is an olive’s bulk.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:11)

**וְרֹב עֲצָמוֹת.** רֹב מִנְיַן עַצְמוֹתָיו שֶׁל אָדָם, שֶׁמִּנְיַן עַצְמוֹתָיו שֶׁל אָדָם מָאתַיִם אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה, נִמְצָא הָרֹב מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורוב עצמות – the majority of the number of the bones of a human being, since the number of the bones of a human is two-hundred and forty-eight. It is found that the majority is one-hundred and twenty-five.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:12)

**חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר.** מִשִּׁעוּר שֶׁל כַּזַּיִת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חסר הבשר – from the measurement of an olive’s bulk


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:13)

**טָהוֹר.** גָּמוּר מִלְּטַמֵּא, לֹא בְּמַגָּע וְלֹא בְּמַשָּׂא וְלֹא בְּאֹהֶל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
טהור – completely from being defiled not through contact and not through carrying nor in a tent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:14)

**חָסֵר רֹב עֲצָמוֹת מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא.** דְּעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה מְטַמֵּא בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּאֹהֶל, אַלְמָא מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת עֲצָמוֹת מִטֻּמְאַת בָּשָׂר, דְּאִלּוּ עֲצָמוֹת כְּשֶׁנֶּחְסְרוּ מִשִּׁעוּרָן עֲדַיִן נִשְׁאַר בָּהֶן טֻמְאָה, וּבָשָׂר כְּשֶׁנֶּחְסַר מִשִּׁעוּרוֹ טָהוֹר גָּמוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חסר רוב עצמות מטמא במגע ובמשא – for a bone like a barley-seed in bulk defiles through contact and through carrying, but does not defile in the tent. So we see that the defilement of bones is greater than defilement by flesh, for if it were the bones that were missing from their measurement, still defilement would remain in them, but flesh that is missing from its measure is completely pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:15)

**רֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ.** כְּגוֹן שְׁתֵּי שׁוֹקַיִם וְיָרֵךְ אֶחָד. וְכָל בִּנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הֵן שְׁתֵּי שׁוֹקַיִם וְהַיְרֵכַיִם וְהַצְּלָעוֹת וְהַשִּׁדְרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רוב בנינו – such as two lower legs and one thigh and all of the skeleton of a person are two lower legs and the thighs and the ribs and the backbone.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:16
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:16)

**אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן רֹבַע.** דְּרֹבַע קַב עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁל מֵת מְטַמְּאִים בְּאֹהֶל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם רֹב מִנְיָן וְלֹא רֹב בִּנְיָן. וְכֵן רֹב מִנְיָן אוֹ רֹב בִּנְיָן מְטַמְּאִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן רֹבַע. אֲבָל בָּשָׂר כְּשֶׁהוּא פָּחוּת מִכַּזַּיִת אֵין לְךָ בּוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁיָּבִיא לוֹ אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אע"פ שאין בהן רובע – for one-quarter kab of ones of a dead person defile in the tent. Even though they don’t have the majority of the bones [of a human being] or the majority of the skeleton, they defile even though they lack the one-quarter [kab]. But flesh which is less than the equivalent of an olive’s bulk, you have nothing in it that will bring to him the defilement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:17
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:17)

**אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֵּת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב.** דִּין הוּא שֶׁכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר וְעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרְשִׁים מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ טְמֵאִים, שֶׁכֵּן יֵשׁ בַּמֵּת חֻמְרוֹת שֶׁל רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם אמרתם במת שיש בו רוב ורובע ורקב – it is the law that the equivalent of an olive’s bulk of flesh and a barley-side’s bulk of a bone that separates from the dead will be impure, for there are stringencies regarding the dead of a majority and one-quarter [kab] and a mass of earth from a grave containing parts of a decayed human body.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:18
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:18)

**תֹּאמְרוּ בַחַי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ.** חֻמְרוֹת הַלָּלוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לֹא כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר וְלֹא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרְשִׁים מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי טְמֵאִים אֶלָּא טְהוֹרִים. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
תאמרו בחי שאין בו – these stringencies which is not the law that there would be neither the equivalent of an olive’s bulk of flesh nor a barley-seed’s equivalent of a bone that separate from the limb of a living person, they are [not] impure, but rather pure. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:19
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 6:3:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/6:3:19)

**וְרָקָב.** גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל מֵת כְּשֶׁכָּלָה לַחוּתוֹ וְנַעֲשָׂה כְּמִין עָפָר, זֶהוּ רָקָב, שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא כִּמְלֹא תַּרְוָד, וְשִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא חָפְנַיִם שֶׁל אָדָם בֵּינוֹנִי. וְאֵין מְלֹא תַּרְוַד רָקָב מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁנִּקְבַּר עָרֹם בְּאָרוֹן שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ וּמְכֻסֶּה בְּכִסּוּי שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ, עַד שֶׁנּוֹדָע בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ תַּעֲרֹבֶת רִקָּבוֹן שֶׁל בֶּגֶד אוֹ שֶׁל עֵץ אוֹ עָפָר אַחֵר. אֲבָל מֵת שֶׁנִּקְבַּר בִּכְסוּתוֹ אוֹ בְּאָרוֹן שֶׁל עֵץ אוֹ בֶּעָפָר, אֵין לוֹ רָקָב. וְכֵן מֵת שֶׁנִּקְבַּר חֲסַר אֵבֶר אֵין לוֹ רָקָב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורקב – the body of a dead whose moistness had ceased, and had become like dirt, this is רקב/decay of the body that defiles a spoon-filled of dust/tarvad-full of dust [from parts of a decayed human body] and its measurement is the handful of an intermediate-size individual. But a handful of a decayed human body does not defile other than from a dead person buried naked in an alabaster coffin which is covered with a marble cover until it is definitively known that there is no mixture of a decay of clothing or of wood or other dirt. But if the dead is buried in his clothing or in a wooden coffin or in the dust, there is no decay, and similarly, a dead person that is buried missing a limb, there is no decay.