## Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot Chapter 8

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:1:1)

**הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עַל דַּם נְבֵלוֹת שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר.** מִלְּטַמֵּא כַּנְּבֵלָה בְּכַזַּיִת. אֲבָל מְטַמֵּא בִּרְבִיעִית. שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁיְּטַמֵּא דָּמוֹ כִבְשָׂרוֹ אֶלָּא הַשֶּׁרֶץ בִּלְבַד. וּלְעֵיל [רֵישׁ פֶּרֶק ה'] דִּתְנַן דַּם נְבֵלוֹת בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, לְגַמְרֵי הָיוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין, אֲבָל לֹא כַּנְּבֵלָה שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא בְּכַזַּיִת, אֶלָּא בִּרְבִיעִית:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
העיד רבי יהושע על דם נבילות שהוא טהור – from being made impure like a carrion in an olive’s bulk, and it defiles with a quarter [of a log]. For you do not have anything whose blood will become defiled like its skin other than for a reptile alone. And above [at the beginning of Chapter 5 of Tractate Eduyot] where it is taught in the Mishnah: that the blood of carrion – the School of Shammai declares clean and the School of Hillel declares unclean, but not like the carrion which defiles through an olive’s bulk, but through a quarter [of a log].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:1:2)

**שֶׁנָּגַע טָמֵא בְמִקְצָתוֹ שֶׁטִּמֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ.** מַעֲלָה עָשׂוּ בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבְאֵפֶר חַטָּאת, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם גּוּפִים חֲלוּקִים, אִם מֻנָּחִים בְּתוֹךְ כְּלִי אֶחָד וְנָגַע דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא לַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּמִקְצָתָן, נִטְמְאוּ כֻּלָּן, שֶׁהַכְּלִי מְצָרְפָן לְהַחֲשִׁיבָן כְּאִלּוּ הֵן גּוּף אֶחָד. וְאַסְּמְכוּהּ אַקְּרָא דִכְתִיב (במדבר ז) כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב מְלֵאָה קְטֹרֶת, הַכָּתוּב עָשָׂה לְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּכַף אַחַת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שנגע טמא במקצתו שטימא את כולו – they made a preference with Holy things and with the ashes of the sin-offering, for even thouh they themselves are divided if we place them within one utensil and comes in contact with something that defiles holy things in part, all were defiled, for the utensil combines them to be considered as if they are one body, and support is brought for it from the Biblical verse, as it is written (Numbers 7:14,20,26,32,38,44,50,56,62,68,74,80): “One gold ladle of 10 shekels, filled with incense,” as the Biblical verse made all of what is in one ladle.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:1:3)

**הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.** דְּאִלּוּ מֵעֵדוּתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן בְּתֵירָא לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא עַל הַטָּמֵא, וּבָא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְהוֹסִיף אֲפִלּוּ טְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא פּוֹסֵל בִּלְבַד, אִם נָגַע בְּמִקְצָתָן פָּסַל אֶת כֻּלָּן. וְרַמְבַּ"ם פֵּרֵשׁ, דִּמֵעֵדוּתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ שֶׁמְּצָרֵף אֶלָּא כְּלִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ תּוֹךְ, אֲבָל כְּלִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תּוֹךְ לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ שֶׁמְּצָרֵף, וּבָא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְהוֹסִיף שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ סֹלֶת וּקְטֹרֶת וּלְבוֹנָה וְגֶחָלִים שֶׁאֵינָן בְּתוֹךְ כְּלִי, אֶלָּא צְבוּרִים וּמֻנָּחִים עַל לוּחַ אוֹ דַּף שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תּוֹךְ, הֲרֵי הֵן כְּאִלּוּ מֻנָּחִים בְּתוֹךְ כְּלִי, וְנַעֲשִׂים כְּאִלּוּ הֵן גּוּף אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הוסיף ר' עקיבא – for whereas from the testimony of Rabbi Shimon ben Beterah, we did not hear other than on that which is impure, and Rabbi Akiva came and added that even one who immersed himself on that day – but is not completely pure until sunset which does not defile but is invalid alone, if it came comes in contact with part of it, it invalidates all of it. And Maimonides explained, that from the testimony of Rabbi Shimon, we did not hear that it combines other than a utensil that has an inside [receptacle] but a vessel that does not have an inside [receptacle], we did not hear that it combines, but Rabbi Akiva came and added that even sifted fine flour and incense and frankincense and coals that are not within the utensil, but are collected and placed on a board or plank which has no inside [receptacle], they are considered as if placed within the utensil, and are made as if they are one substance.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:1:4)

**וְהַגֶּחָלִים.** אוֹתָן שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל חוֹתֶה בַּמַּחְתָּה בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. אִם נָגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָן, נִפְסְלוּ כֻּלָּן. וּמַעֲלָה עָשׂוּ בָּהֶן, שֶׁאֵין הַגֶּחָלִים בְּנֵי קַבּוֹלֵי טֻמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והגחלים – those that the High Priest on Yom Kippur takes out in a pan, if a person who immersed himself on that day – but is not completely pure until sunset touched part of them, all of them are made in valid, and a preference was made with them, for the coals are not receptacles for defilement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:2:1)

**קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל.** וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, כִּדְפָרֵישְׁנָא בְּשִׁלְהֵי פִרְקִין דִּלְעֵיל. וְהוֹסִיף כָּאן כְּשֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעֲלָה. דְּמֵעֵדוּת דִּלְעֵיל לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁנִּבְעֲלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קטנה בת ישראל – and she is an orphan a has been explained at the end of the chapter above (i.e., Eduyot, Chapter 7, Mishnah 9), and he adds here that when she came to get married even though she had not yet engaged in sexual relations, because from the testimony of above (i.e., Eduyot, chapter 7, Mishnah 9), we did not hear/learn that she eats Terumah/priest’s due [if she married a Kohen] other than after she had engaged in sexual relations.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:2:2)

**שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה.** שֶׁנִּתְמַשְׁכְּנָה בִּידֵי נָכְרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שהורהנה – that she had been deposited as a pledge with idolaters.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:2:3)

**וְעֵדֶיהָ.** אוֹתָן שֶׁהֵעִידוּ שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועדיה – those who testified that she had been deposited as a pledge.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:2:4)

**הַאֲמִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה.** וְדַוְקָא לְזֹאת שֶׁעֵדֶיהָ מְעִידִים עָלֶיהָ שֶׁלֹּא נִטְמְאָה, הוּא דְאָמְרֵי רַבָּנָן הַאֲמִינוּ לָהּ, וְשֶׁלֹּא כַּדִּין רִחֲקוּהָ בְּנֵי מִשְׁפַּחְתָּהּ. אֲבָל אִם אֵין לָהּ עֵדִים, כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּחְבְּשָׁה עַל יְדֵי מָמוֹן בִּזְמַן שֶׁיַּד הַנָּכְרִים תַּקִּיפָה, אֲסוּרָה לְבַעְלָהּ כֹּהֵן, לֹא שְׁנָא הֻרְהֲנָה מִדַּעְתָּהּ וְלֹא שְׁנָא נֶחְבְּשָׁה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האמינו שלא נסתרה ושלא נטמאה – and specifically to this one that her witnesses testify about her that she had been defiled, It is this that the Rabbis said that they believed her, for not according to the law did the members of her family distance her from them. But if she doesn’t have witnesses, any woman detained through money at the time when the idolaters are in power, she is prohibited for a Kohen to engage in sexual relations with her. There is no difference whether she was deposited as a pledge or whether she had been detained/imprisoned.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:1)

**אַלְמָנַת עִסָּה.** מִשְׁפָּחָה אַחַת שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בָּהּ סְפֵק חָלָל, כָּל אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה סָפֵק אִם הוּא אוֹתוֹ סָפֵק שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בָּהֶן אִם לָאו. וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי אוֹתָהּ מִשְׁפָּחָה וּמֵת בַּעְלָהּ, הִיא קְרוּיָה אַלְמָנַת עִסָּה, שֶׁכְּמוֹ שֶׁהָעִסָּה נִלּוֹשָׁה וּמְעֹרֶבֶת, כָּךְ זֹאת הָאִשָּׁה מְעֹרֶבֶת מִסְּפֵקוֹת. סָפֵק אִם בַּעְלָהּ הוּא אוֹתוֹ סְפֵק חָלָל, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם הוּא אוֹתוֹ סְפֵק חָלָל שֶׁמָּא אֵינוֹ חָלָל לְפִי הָאֱמֶת. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר אוֹתָהּ לַכְּהֻנָּה, שֶׁיֵּשׁ כָּאן סְפֵק סְפֵקָא וּלְקֻלָּא. וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל סָבַר אַף עַל גַּב דִּבְעָלְמָא סְפֵק סְפֵקָא לְקֻלָּא, הָכָא שָׁאנֵי, דְּמַעֲלָה עָשׂוּ בְּיוֹחֲסִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלמנת עיסה – one family that was mixed up with someone who was doubtful for the priesthood on account of his father’s illegitimate connection. All the children of that family are doubtful if he was that doubtfulness that was mixed up with them or not. And a woman who married one of the children of that family, and her husband died, is called the widow of one belonging to a family suspected of containing an alien admixture, that is like the examined and mixed family [suspected of containing an alien admixture], so too this particular woman is mixed from doubts – doubt if her husband was that doubtful one for the priesthood on account of his father’s illegitimate connection, according to the truth. Rabbi Yehoshua validates her for the priesthood, because there is here a compound uncertainty and is judged leniently. But Rabban Gamaliel holds that even though generally, a compound uncertainly which is judged leniently, here is different, for they made a preference for pedigrees.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:2)

**שֶׁהָעִסָּה כְשֵׁרָה לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר.** כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהַמִּשְׁפָּחָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בָּהּ סְפֵק חָלָל הֲרֵי הִיא בְּחֶזְקַת כַּשְׁרוּת כִּשְׁאָר הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת הַמְיֻחָסוֹת, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁשְּׁאָר הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת אוֹמְרוֹת זוֹ טְמֵאָה וּמִתְרַחֲקִים מִמֶּנָּה וְזוֹ טְהוֹרָה וּמְקָרְבִים אוֹתָהּ, כָּךְ מִשְׁפָּחָה זוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמַע בָּהּ סְפֵק חָלָל, אֵין יְכוֹלִים לוֹמַר הוֹאִיל וְנִטְמָע בָּהּ סָפֵק אֵין צְרִיכִים יוֹתֵר לִבְדֹּק כְּשֶׁנּוֹשְׂאִים נָשִׁים אֵיזוֹ נִטְמְאָה וְאֵיזוֹ טְהוֹרָה, כְּדֵי לְרַחֵק הַטְּמֵאָה וּלְקָרֵב הַטְּהוֹרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
העיסה כשרה לטמא ולטהר – that is to say, that a family that became mixed through someone doubtful for the priesthood on account of his father’s illegitimate connection, behold, she is presumption of being fit like the rest of the families of legitimate descent, and like that the rest of the families say: “this one is ritually impure” and distance themselves from her, and “this one is pure” and they draw her close, so is this family that had become mixed up beyond recognition as a result of someone doubtful for the priesthood on account of his father’s illegitimate connection, and we cannot say for since that it become so mixed up beyond recognition, we don’t any longer to check when women marry -which one was defiled and which one is pure, in order to distance the impure one and to draw close the pure one.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:3)

**קִבַּלְנוּ עֵדוּתְכֶם.** נֶאֱמָנִים אַתֶּם בְּעֵינֵינוּ וּמַאֲמִינִים אָנוּ שֶׁכָּךְ שְׁמַעְתֶּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קבלנו עדותכם – you are believed in our eyes and we believe that such is what you heard.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:4)

**שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹשִׁיב בֵּית דִּין עַל כָּךְ.** לְהַתִּיר אַלְמָנַת עִסָּה לְכַתְּחִלָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלא להושיב ב"ד על כך – to permit the widow of one belonging to a family suspected of containing an alien admixture ab initio.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:5)

**הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְעִים לָכֶם לְרַחֵק.** אִם תֹּאמְרוּ אֲסוּרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכהנים שומעים לכם לרחק – if you would say that she is forbidden.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:3:6)

**אֲבָל לֹא לְקָרֵב.** אִם תֹּאמְרוּ מֻתֶּרֶת. וּפְסַק הֲלָכָה, שֶׁאַלְמָנַת עִסָּה אֲסוּרָה לְהִנָּשֵׂא לַכְּהֻנָּה לְכַתְּחִלָּה, וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת לֹא תֵּצֵא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל לא לקרב – if you would say that she is permitted. And the Legal decision is that a woman who married one of that family, and her husband died, is called the widow of one belong to a family suspected of containing an alien mixture, and she is forbidden to marry into the priesthood ab initio, and if she married, she cannot be divorced.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:1)

**אַיִל קַמְצָא.** מִין חָגָב הוּא. תַּרְגּוּם כַּחֲגָבִים כְּקַמְצִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
איל קמצא – a form of locust. The Aramaic translation of “like locusts” is “like a species of locusts.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:2)

**דָּכָן.** טָהוֹר וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דכן – it is clean and permitted to eat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:3)

**וְעַל מַשְׁקֵה בֵּית מִטְבְּחַיָּא.** הַדָּם וְהַמַּיִם שֶׁהֵם בְּבֵית הַמִּטְבְּחַיִם שֶׁבָּעֲזָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל משקה בית מטבחייא – the blood in the slaughterhouse of the Temple courtyard.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:4)

**דְּאִינוּן דַּכְיָן.** אִיכָּא מַאן דְּאָמַר דַּכְיָן טְהוֹרִים לְגַמְרֵי. דְּטֻמְאַת מַשְׁקִין לָאו דְאוֹרַיְתָא אֶלָּא רַבָּנָן הוּא דְּגָזוּר בְּהוּ טֻמְאָה, וּבְהָנֵי לֹא גָזוּר. וְאִיכָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר דַּכְיָן טְהוֹרִים מִלְּטַמֵּא אֲחֵרִים, אֲבָל טֻמְאַת עַצְמָן יֵשׁ לָהֶן, דְּיֵשׁ לְמַשְׁקִין טֻמְאָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה לְהִטַּמֵּא, וְלֹא מָצוּ רַבָּנָן לְטַהֵר מַה שֶּׁטִּמְּאָה הַתּוֹרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דאינון דכיין – there is one who says that they are completely pure, for the defilement of liquids is not from the Torah but rather the Rabbis are those who decreed upon them defilement, and on these they did not decree. And there is another opinion that these are pure from making others impure, but they are impure of themselves and there is, from the Torah, defilement for liquids, to become defiled and the Rabbis were not able to make pure what the Torah had defiled.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:5)

**וּדְיִקְרַב בְּמִיתָא מְסָאַב.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, וְכָל דְּיִקְרַב וַדַּאי לְמִיתָא, מְסָאַב. אֲבָל סָפֵק, אֲפִלּוּ טֻמְאַת מֵת חֲמוּרָה, טָהוֹר. וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן טֻמְאַת שֶׁרֶץ קַלָּה. וּסְפֵק טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בָּא לְהַתִּיר. וְאַף עַל גַּב דִּסְפֵק טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים טָהוֹר דְּאוֹרַיְתָא הוּא, דְּכָל אִסּוּר סְפֵק טֻמְאָה מִסּוֹטָה יָלְפִינַן, דְּאַפִּיק לַהּ קְרָא בִּלְשׁוֹן טֻמְאָה, וְנִסְתְּרָה וְהִיא נִטְמְאָה, מַגִּיד לְךָ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁעַל הַסָּפֵק אֲסוּרָה, וּמַה סּוֹטָה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין סְתִירָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אַף טֻמְאַת סָפֵק אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, מִכָּל מָקוֹם קֹדֶם שֶׁבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים הֲלָכָה וְאֵין מוֹרִין כֵּן, וּבָא הוּא וְהֵעִיד שֶׁמּוֹרִין כֵּן לְכַתְּחִלָּה לְטַהֵר כָּל סְפֵק טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל דיקרב למיתא מסאב – this is how it should be understood (Talmud Avodah Zarah 37b), that whomever definitely touches a corpse is unclean. But there is a doubt, even a grave defilement of the dead is pure, and all the more so, defilement [via a contact with] a reptile is light. And a doubtful impurity in the public domain comes to permit. And even though a doubtful impurity in the public domain is pure according to the Torah, for prohibition of doubtful defilement we derive from the Sotah/suspected adulterous woman, for the Bible derives it with the language of defilement (Numbers 5:13): “and she keeps secret the fact that she has defiled herself, the Biblical verse informs us that on that which is doubtful, she is prohibited, and just as the case of the Sotah/suspected adulterous woman is in the private domain, and there is no hiding in the public domain, so doubtful defilement is not other than in the private domain, nevertheless before Yosi ben Yoezer came, they would say, it is the Halakha but we don’t teach thus. And he came and testified that we do teach as such ab initio, to make pure all doubtful defilement in the public domain.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:4:6)

**וְקָרוּ לֵיהּ יוֹסֵי שָׁרְיָא.** לְפִי שֶׁהִתִּיר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹהֲגִין בָּהֶן אִסּוּר. שֶׁכָּל בֵּית דִּין שֶׁמַּתִּיר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין הַהֶתֵּר שֶׁלָּהֶן פָּשׁוּט, קָרוּ לֵיהּ בֵּי דִינָא שָׁרְיָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וקרי ליה יוסי שריא – because he permitted three things that they (i.e., the Rabbis) would practice a prohibition on them. For any Jewish court that permits three things where their permit is not simple, they would call it, a permitting/absolving Jewish court.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:5:1)

**שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד.** אִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבָא עֵד אֶחָד וְאָמַר שֶׁמֵּת, מַשִּׂיאִים אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל פִּיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמשיאין האשה ע"פ עד אחד (this section of the Mishnah is also taught at the conclusion of Tractate Yevamot, Chapter 16, Mishnah 7) – a woman whose husband went abrought and one witness came and said that he died. We marry off his wife through his word.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:5:2)

**בְּדִיר הָעֵצִים.** לִשְׁכָּה שֶׁשָּׁם הָיוּ אוֹצְרִים כָּל עֲצֵי הַמַּעֲרָכָה, וְהִיא הָיְתָה בְּמִקְצוֹעַ מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית שֶׁל עֶזְרַת נָשִׁים. וּמָצְאוּ שָׁם עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁל מֵתִים, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְלַקֵּט עֶצֶם עֶצֶם וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר, וְלֹא חָיְשִׁינַן שֶׁמָּא נִטְמְאוּ בָּהֶם אָדָם וְכֵלִים, מִשּׁוּם דְּעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים דִּין רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים יֵשׁ לָהּ וְהָוֵי סְפֵק טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים דִּסְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. וּבְמַסֶּכֶת זְבָחִים פֶּרֶק בָּתְרָא [דַּף קיג] מַיְתֵי גְמָרָא שֶׁרָצוּ לִגְזֹר טֻמְאָה עַל כָּל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם בִּשְׁבִיל אוֹתָן עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְּדִיר הָעֵצִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לֹא בּוּשָׁה וּכְלִמָּה הִיא לָנוּ שֶׁנִּגְזֹר טֻמְאָה עַל עִיר אֲבוֹתֵינוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כדיר העצים – a chamber where they gather all the wood of the altar of the Temple. And it was in the north-east corner of the Women’s compartment [of the Temple court] and they found there the bones of the dead. But the Sages said that they should collect bone by bone and everything is ritually pure. And we should not suspect lest they humans and utensils were defiled by them because in the Women’s compartment has the law of the public domain, and this is doubtful defilement in the public domain, for its doubtfulness makes is pure. And in the Tractate Zevahim in the last chapter (chapter 14) [ page 113a], the Gemara brings that they (i.e., the Sages) wanted to decree defilement on all of Jerusalem because of those bones that were found in the shed for the wood, but that Rabbi Yehoshua said to them: No: It is a shame and disgrace for us that we should decree defilement on the city of our forefathers.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:6:1)

**שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁמַּקְרִיבִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בַּיִת.** לְפִי שֶׁקְּדֻשָּׁה שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת הַבַּיִת, קִדְּשָׁה לִשְׁעָתָהּ וְקִדְּשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. וְכֵן קְדֻשַּׁת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם קִדְשָׁה לְעוֹלָם. אֲבָל קְדֻשַּׁת שְׁאָר אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא קִדְּשָׁה בְּכִבּוּשׁ רִאשׁוֹן אֶלָּא לִשְׁעָתָהּ, עַד שֶׁחָזְרוּ עוֹלֵי בָּבֶל וְקִדְּשׁוּהָ קְדֻשָּׁה שְׁנִיָּה, וְאוֹתָהּ קְדֻשָּׁה קִדְּשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמעתי שמקריבים אף על פי שאין בית – [since] the holiness that Solomon sanctified the Temple, he sanctified for its time and he sanctified it for the future. And similarly, the holiness of Jerusalem was sanctified forever. But the sanctification of the rest of the Land of Israel, he did not sanctify during the first conquest other than for its time [alone] until those who came up from Babylonia returned and they sanctified it a second time, and that sanctification was sanctified for the future.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:1)

**הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי.** שֶׁהֶרְאָה לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה בְּסִינַי דּוֹר דּוֹר וְדוֹרְשָׁיו, וְהֶרְאָהוּ שֶׁאֵין אֵלִיָּהוּ בָּא לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב, לְבָרֵר סְפֵק מִשְׁפָּחוֹת הַמְטֻמָּעוֹת מִי נִטְמָע וּמִי לֹא נִטְמָע, אֶלָּא יַנִּיחֵם וְהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, דַּהֲלָכָה הִיא מִשְׁפָּחָה שֶׁנִּטְמְעָה נִטְמְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הלכה למשה מסיני – For the Holy One, blessed be He showed Moses at Sinai, each generation and its expounders, and showed him that Elijah does not come to make impure or to make pure, to distance or to bring close, to verify [doubtful] families mixed up (i.e., lost to the priesthood as they had been mixed with Israelites beyond traces of genealogical disabilities) beyond recognition; who had been mixed up beyond recognition and who had not been mixed up beyond recognition, but he should leave them and they will be valid in the future to come, for the Halakha is that a family that had mixed up beyond recognition remains mixed up beyond recognition.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:2)

**אֶלָּא לְרַחֵק הַמְקֹרָבִים בִּזְרוֹעַ.** שֶׁהַכֹּל מַחֲזִיקִים אוֹתָן בִּפְסוּלִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּתְקָרְבוּ בִּזְרוֹעַ. אֲבָל מִשְׁפָּחָה שֶׁנִּטְמְעָה מֵחֲמַת שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדַע פְּסוּלָהּ, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בְּכַשְׁרוּתָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלא לרחק המקורבים בזרוע – for everyone presumes them as invalid, but that they were brought close by force, but a family which had been mixed up beyond recognition on account that it was not known that its defilement was unknown, should be left in its fitness.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:3)

**בֵּית צְרִיפָה.** כָּךְ שֵׁם הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בית הצרפה – such is the name of the family.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:4)

**וְרִחֲקָהּ.** הִכְרִיז עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁהֵן פְּסוּלִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורחקה – he announced concerning them that they are invalid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:5)

**בֶּן צִיּוֹן.** אֱינָשׁ אַלִּימָא הֲוָה וּבַעַל זְרוֹעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בן ציון – he was a strong man and a violent person.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:6)

**וְעוֹד מִשְׁפָּחָה אַחֶרֶת הָיְתָה שָׁם.** שֶׁהָיְתָה פְּסוּלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועוד משפחה אחרת היתה שם – that was invalid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:7)

**וְקֵרְבָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ.** וְהִכְרִיז עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁרִים לְהִתְחַתֵּן בָּהֶם. וְחָס הַתַּנָּא עַל כְּבוֹד הַבְּרִיּוֹת וְלֹא הִזְכִּיר שֵׁם הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה הַפְּסוּלָה שֶׁקֵּרְבָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהִזְכִּיר שֵׁם הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה הַכְּשֵׁרָה, לְלַמֶּדְךָ כַּמָּה צָרִיךְ אָדָם לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לְסַפֵּר בִּגְנוּת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְלִהְיוֹת כּוֹסֶה קָלוֹן. אִם כָּךְ בִּפְסוּלִים, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בִּכְשֵׁרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וקרבה בן ציון בזרוע – and he announced concerning them that they are valid to marry with them, and the Tanna/teach of the Mishnah had consideration on the honor of human creations and did not mention the name of the invalid family that Ben Zion drew close forcefully, like he had mentioned the name of the fit/valid family, to teach you how much a person has to be careful not to recount of the denigration of his fellow and to be able to hide degradation. If such is the case with those who are invalid, all the more so regarding those who are valid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:8)

**כְּגוֹן אֵלּוּ.** שֶׁכַּשְׁרוּתָן וּפַסְלוּתָן יְדוּעָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּתְרַחֲקוּ בִּזְרוֹעַ וְנִתְקָרְבוּ בִּזְרוֹעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כגון אלו – who validity and invalidity were known but that they were distanced by force and brought closer by force.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:9)

**לְקָרֵב אֲבָל לֹא לְרַחֵק.** הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה הַכְּשֵׁרָה שֶׁנִּתְרַחֲקָה בִּזְרוֹעַ, הוּא מְקָרֵב. אֲבָל אֵינוֹ מְרַחֵק אוֹתָהּ שֶׁנִּתְקָרְבָה בִּזְרוֹעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לקרב אבל לא לרחק – the valid family that had been distanced by force, he brings close but he does not distance that which had been brought close by force.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot 8:7:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/8:7:10)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהֵשִׁיב לֵב אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים.** שֶׁעָתִיד לוֹמַר בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ זֶה מִבְּנֵי בָּנָיו שֶׁל זֶה. וּלְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אָבוֹת אֵלּוּ הַחֲכָמִים, וּבָנִים אֵלּוּ הַתַּלְמִידִים, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לֵב כֻּלָּן שָׁוֶה וְלֹא יִפֹּל בֵּינֵיהֶן מַחֲלֹקֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שנאמר והשיב לב אבות על בנים – that will be said in the future with the Holy Spirit that this because of the children’s children of this one. And according to the words of Rabbi Shimon, the fathers are the Sages and the children are the students, so that the heart of all of them will be equivalent and dispute will not fall between them.