## Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:1)

**הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם.** כָּל חוּצָה לָאֶרֶץ קָרֵי מְדִינַת הַיָּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המביא גט ממדינת הים – All [areas] that are outside of the land of Israel are called, “countries aboard.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:2)

**צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם.** אִית דְּאָמְרֵי טַעְמָא לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּנֵי מְדִינַת הַיָּם בְּנֵי תוֹרָה, וְאֵין יוֹדְעִין שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִכְתֹּב הַגֵּט לְשֵׁם הָאִשָּׁה, הִלְכָּךְ אוֹמֵר הַשָּׁלִיחַ בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, וּמִמֵּילָא שָׁיְלִינַן לֵיהּ אִם נִכְתַּב לִשְׁמָהּ, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אִין. וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי טַעְמָא לְפִי שֶׁאֵין שַׁיָּרוֹת מְצוּיוֹת מִשָּׁם לְכָאן, שֶׁאִם יָבֹא הַבַּעַל וִיעַרְעֵר לוֹמַר לֹא כְתַבְתִּיו שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֵדִים מְצוּיִין לְהַכִּיר חֲתִימַת הָעֵדִים. וְהֶאֱמִינוּהוּ רַבָּנָן לַשָּׁלִיחַ כְּבִתְרֵי, וְשׁוּב לֹא יוֹעִיל עִרְעוּר הַבַּעַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
צריך לומר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם – There are those who give the [following] reason, because there aren’t Torah scholars found in countries abroad, and they don’t know that one must write the Jewish bill of divorce for [the express purpose of] the [specific] woman. Therefore, the agent states, “it was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence.” And of itself, we ask him [the agent] if it [the Jewish bill of divorce] was written for her sake [alone], and he answers in the affirmative; [on the other hand,] there are those who say that the reason [that he must say that the Jewish bill of divorce was written in his presence and signed in his presence], because caravans [bearing numbers of people] are not found [traveling] from there to here, for if the husband would coביןme and raise a complaint [contesting the legality of the action] saying: “I did not write it,” witnesses would be found to recognize the signatures of those who witnessed [the writing of the Jewish bill of divorce]. But the Rabbis believed the agent as if he were two [witnesses], and furthermore, the complaint of the husband would have no effect.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:3)

**מִן הָרֶקֶם וּמִן הַחֶגֶר.** בֵּין קָדֵשׁ וּבֵין בָּרֶד, מְתַרְגְמִינַן בֵּין רֶקֶם וּבֵין חִגְרָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בין קדש ובין ברד – (As is written in Genesis 16:14): “[Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi;] it is between Kadesh and Bered.” And the Aramaic (Onkelos) translation of this is: "מן הרקם ומן החגר" .


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:4)

**אֲפִלּוּ מִכְּפַר לוּדִים.** שֶׁהִיא מִחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אפילו מכפר לודים – which is considered outside of the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:5)

**לְלוֹד.** שֶׁהִיא סְמוּכָה לָהּ וְהִיא מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ללוד – which is near it and it is from the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:1:6)

**מֵהֶגְמוֹנְיָא לְהֶגְמוֹנְיָא.** שְׁנֵי הֶגְמוֹנִים בְּעִיר אַחַת וּמַקְפִּידִים זֶה עַל זֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מהגמוניא להגמוניא – there were in one town two jurisdictions jealous of each other (Gittin 4a).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:2:1)

**מֵרֶקֶם לַמִּזְרָח.** מֵרֶקֶם עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם לְמִזְרָחוֹ קָרוּי חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, וְרֶקֶם עַצְמָהּ נִדּוֹנָה כְּמִזְרַח הָעוֹלָם וְלֹא כְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מרקם למזרח – from Rekem until the end of the world to its east is called outside the land of Israel. But Rekem itself is judged as being in the eastern part of the world and not in the land of Israel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:3:1)

**וְאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עוֹרְרִים.** שֶׁהַבַּעַל מְעַרְעֵר שֶׁהוּא מְזֻיָּף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם יש עליו עוררים – that the husband complains that it [the Jewish bill of divorce] is forged.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:3:2)

**יִתְקַיֵּם בְּחוֹתְמָיו.** אִם יָעִידוּ הָעֵדִים עַל חֲתִימַת יְדֵיהֶם, אוֹ עֵדִים אֲחֵרִים יַכִּירוּ חֲתִימָתָם, כָּשֵׁר. וּבַזְּמַן הַזֶּה, הַמֵּבִיא גֵּט בֵּין בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין בְּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ צָרִיךְ לִתְּנוֹ לָהּ בִּפְנֵי שְׁנַיִם וְצָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. וְאִם חֲתִימַת הָעֵדִים נִכֶּרֶת בִּמְקוֹם נְתִינַת הַגֵּט וְנִתְקַיֵּם הַגֵּט בְּחוֹתְמָיו, אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יתקיים בחותמיו – if the witnesses will testify on their own signatures, or other witnesses who recognize their signatures [of the original witnesses], it is valid. And in our times, a person who brings a Jewish bill of divorce whether from the land of Israel or from outside the land of Israel must give it to her [the wife] in the presence of two [witnesses] and must say: ”It was written my presence and signed in my presence.” And if the signatures of the witnesses are recognized in the location where the Jewish bill of divorce is delivered and the Jewish bill of divorce is validated through its signatories, there is no need to say: “it was written in my presence and signed in my presence.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:3:3)

**וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ כְּשֶׁהוּא פִּקֵּחַ וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם עַד שֶׁנִּתְחָרֵשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואינו יכול לומר – [it was written in my presence and signed in my presence] for example, that it [the Jewish bill of divorce] was given to her when he was lucid but he was not able to say: “it was written in my presence and signed in my presence” until he became a deaf-mute.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:4:1)

**שָׁוִין לַמּוֹלִיךְ וְלַמֵּבִיא.** לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שוין למוליך ומביא – to state “it was written in my presence and signed in my presence.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:5:1)

**חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים.** שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵד כּוּתִי אֶחָד, כָּשֵׁר. אֲבָל שְׁנֵיהֶם כּוּתִים, פּוֹסֵל תַּנָּא קַמָּא אֲפִלּוּ בְּגִטֵּי נָשִׁים. וְרַבָּן (שמעון בן) גַּמְלִיאֵל עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה וְהִכְשִׁיר אֲפִלּוּ כְּשֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם כּוּתִים. וְהָאִידְנָא דְּגָזְרוּ עַל הַכּוּתִים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כְּגוֹיִם לְכָל דִּבְרֵיהֶם, לֹא שְׁנָא שְׁאָר שְׁטָרוֹת וְלֹא שְׁנָא גִּטֵּי נָשִׁים, אֲפִלּוּ עֵד אֶחָד כּוּתִי, פָּסוּל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מגיטי נשים – that if there was upon it [a Jewish bill of divorce] one witnesses who is a Cuthean/a member of the sect of the Samaritans (on occasion, this word is used in place of גוי/non-Jew; עכו"ם /idol worshiper or מין/sectarian as a result of censorship), it is valid, if both of the them are Cutheans, the first teacher of the Mishnah disqualifies them for Jewish bills of divorce, but Rabban Gamaliel relates a story where he validated [it], even where both of them [the witnesses] were Cutheans. But nowadays, they [the Rabbis] decreed [against] the Cutheans as they were [to be considered] as non-Jews in all matters, making no distinction between other documents and Jewish bills of divorce, for even if one witness was a Cuthean, it [the document] is invalid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:5:2)

**בְּעַרְכָּאוֹת שֶׁל גּוֹיִם.** שֶׁהֵעִידוּ הָעֵדִים עֵדוּתָם לִפְנֵי הַשּׁוֹפֵט בִּמְקוֹם מוֹשַׁב מִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶם. וְהוּא שֶׁיָּדַעְנוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ שׁוֹפֵט וּבְאוֹתָם עֵדִים דְּלֹא מְקַבְּלֵי שֹׁחֲדָא. וְדַוְקָא בְּשִׁטְרֵי הַלְוָאוֹת וְשִׁטְרֵי מִקָּח וּמִמְכָּר, שֶׁהָעֵדִים רָאוּ בִּנְתִינַת הַמָּמוֹן. אֲבָל שִׁטְרֵי הוֹדָאוֹת וְגִטֵּי נָשִׁים, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֵׂה בֵּית דִּין בְּעַרְכָּאוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶם, הַכֹּל פָּסוּל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בערכאות של גוים – that the witnesses would offer their testimony before the sitting judge in the place where their matters of justice take place. But this is where they knew that judge and of those witnesses who do not accept bribes. And this specifically [refers to] loan documents and documents of sale where the witnesses saw funds exchanged. But documents of admission and Jewish bills of divorce, and any thing which is a legal matter in their [i.e., Roman] gentile offices, everything is invalid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:5:3)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר כְּשֵׁרִים.** לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ לְהִפָּסֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי שמעון אומר כשרים – they were not mentioned in the Jewish academy (Bet Midrash) to be invalidated.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:5:4)

**אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְהֶדְיוֹט.** עַל יְדֵי גּוֹיִם הֶדְיוֹטוֹת שֶׁאֵינָם דַּיָּנִים. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלא בזמן שנעשו בהדיוט – through non-Jewish commoners who are not judges, but the Halakha does not follow like [the opinion of] Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:1)

**רָצָה לַחֲזֹר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן.** קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לְיַד הָאִשָּׁה וְהָעֶבֶד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רצה לחזור בשניהן – before it [the Jewish bill of divorce or the bill of manumission] reaches the hand of the woman and/or the slave.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:2)

**יַחֲזֹר.** וְאֵין הַשָּׁלִיחַ יָכוֹל לִזְכּוֹת בָּהֶם לְצָרְכָן, דְּחוֹב הוּא לָהֶן, שֶׁמְאַבְּדִין מְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יחזור – But the agent cannot provide their needs for their benefit since it [the document] is something to their detriment and they lose their food/support.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:3)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים בְּגִטֵּי נָשִׁים.** יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים: בגיטי נשים – He (i.e., the husband) can retract (his Jewish bill of divorce),


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:4)

**אֲבָל לֹא בְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים.** וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל לא בשחרורי עבדים – but he cannot retract in his bill of manumission of slaves. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:5)

**שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה שֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת עַבְדּוֹ רַשַּׁאי.** הִלְכָּךְ כִּי מְשַׁחְרֵר לֵיהּ לֹא מַפְסִיד לֵיהּ מְזוֹנֵי. אֲבָל שֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי, הִלְכָּךְ כִּי מְגָרֵשׁ לָהּ מַפְסִיד לָהּ מְזוֹנֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שאם ירצה שלא לזון את עבדו רשאי – Therefore, when he (i.e., the owner) frees him (i.e., his slave), he does not cause him to lose his support/food, but he is not permitted to feed his wife; therefore, if he divorces her, she causes her to lose her support/food.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:6)

**מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קִנְיָנוֹ.** כְּלוֹמַר הָא דְּהוּא אָכִיל בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּשֶׁהוּא עֶבֶד כֹּהֵן אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן, מִידֵי דַּהֲוָה אַבְּהֶמְתּוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת בְּכַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, וְלָאו מִשּׁוּם מְעַלְּיוּתָא הִיא, הִלְכָּךְ כִּי מְשַׁחְרֵר לֵיהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמַּפְסִידוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה אֵין זוֹ חוֹבָה לָעֶבֶד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפני שהוא קנינו – That is to say, since he {i.e., the slave] eats the heave-offering/Terumah when the slave is the servant of a Kohen/Priest, it is only because he is the purchase-property of the Kohen/Priest, since regarding the cattle of Kohen/Priest which can eat the veches of Terumah/heave-offering, but it is not a a perfect comparison. Therefore, when he frees him (i.e. the slave), even though he causes him to lose the ability to eat Terumah/heave-offering, it is not an obligation for the slave [to do so].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:7)

**לֹא יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה.** דְּגִּטָּא לֹא הָוֵי עַד דְּמָטֵי לְיָדָהּ וְכִי מָטֵי לְיָדָהּ הָא מֵת וְאֵין גֵּט לְאַחַר מִיתָה. וּשְׁטַר שִׁחְרוּר נַמִּי כִּי מְטָא לְיָדֵיהּ הָא מֵת וּפָקַע רְשׁוּתֵיהּ מִנֵּיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא יתנו לאחר מיתה – The Get/Jewish bill of divorce does not take effect until it reaches her hand, and if it reaches her hand, he has died, and there is no Jewish bill of divorce after death. And similarly, the document of manumission, when it reaches his (i.e. the slave’s) hand if he died, his ownership over him is broken.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin 1:6:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Gittin/r/1:6:8)

**יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה.** וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא אָמַר מָנֶה זֶה, דְּדִבְרֵי שְׁכִיב מֵרַע כִּכְתוּבִין וְכִמְסוּרִין דָּמוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יתנו לאחר מיתה – even though he (i.e., the now deceased owner) did not say, “this Maneh”/weight equivalent to fifty silver shekels, since the words of someone who is on his death bed are regarded as if they are written and transmitted.