## Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:1)

**אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת.** הַשֶּׁרֶץ. שְׁמֹנָה שְׁרָצִים הַכְּתוּבִים בְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי, הַחֹלֶד וְהָעַכְבָּר וְכוּ', הֵן אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת לְטַמֵּא אָדָם וְכֵלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בָּהֶם בְּמוֹתָם, וְשִׁעוּרָן לְטַמֵּא בְּכָעֲדָשָׁה, שֶׁכֵּן הַחֹמֶט תְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ בְכָעֲדָשָׁה. אֲבָל הָאֵבָרִים אֵין לָהֶם שִׁעוּר, אֲפִלּוּ פָחוֹת מִכָּעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ מְטַמְּאִין. וְדַוְקָא כְשֶׁהוּא לַח הַשֶּׁרֶץ מְטַמֵּא, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא יָבֵשׁ, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יא) וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל עָלָיו מֵהֶם בְּמוֹתָם, כְּעֵין מוֹתָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אבות הטומאה. השרץ – there are eight reptiles that are written in the [Torah] portion of Shemini (Leviticus 11:29-30): החלד/the mole and עכבר/the mouse [and the צב/lizard; the ענקה/gecko; the כח/land crocodile; the לטאה/lizard; the חמט/sand lizard and the תנשמת/chameleon],” they are the primary sources of ritual impurity to defile humans and utensils/vessels that come in contact with them when they are dead. And their measurements for defiling is like that of a lentil (though we are informed in Tractate Kelim, Chapter 17, Mishnah 8, that whenever a lentil is spoken of, it means…the Egyptian lentil). For the sand lizard/חמט at the beginning of its creation is like that of lentil (see Tractate Nazir 52a). But the limbs have no measure, for even less that of a lentil of a reptile defiles (see Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 7). And especially when it is moist, the reptile defiles, but it does not defile when dry, as it is written (Leviticus 11:32): “And anything on which one of them falls when dead [shall be impure: be it any article of wood, or a cloth, or a skin, or a sack – any such article that can be put to use shall be dipped in water, and it shall remain impure until evening; then it shall be pure],” similar to their being dead (see Tractate Niddah 56a).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:2)

**וְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע.** דַּוְקָא שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְגָדוֹל, אֲבָל דְּנָכְרִי אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה אֲפִלּוּ מִדְּרַבָּנָן, דְּקֶרְיוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי טָהוֹר גָּמוּר. וְכֵן שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע שֶׁל קָטָן נַמִּי לֹא מְטַמְּאָה, דִּכְתִיב (שם טו) וְאִישׁ כִּי תֵצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, אִישׁ וְלֹא קָטָן פָּחוֹת מִבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, דְּאֵין בִּיאָתוֹ בִיאָה. וְשִׁעוּרָהּ לָרוֹאֶה, בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, אֲפִלּוּ כְּעֵין חַרְדָּל. וְלַנּוֹגֵעַ, בְּכָעֲדָשָׁה. וְדַוְקָא שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע לַחָה מְטַמְּאָה, דִּכְתִיב שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, בִּרְאוּיָה לְהַזְרִיעַ. וּמִדְּלֹא קָחֲשִׁיב תַּנָּא דִידָן בַּעַל קֶרִי בַּהֲדֵי אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת, שְׁמַע מִנַּהּ דְּאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, וְהָכִי תְנַן בְּסוֹף מַסֶּכֶת זָבִים, בַּעַל קֶרִי כְּמַגַּע שֶׁרֶץ, דְּלֹא הָוֵי אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ושכבת זרע – Specifically the semen of an adult Israelite , but that of a heathen does not defile, even according to the Rabbis, for the nocturnal pollution of a heathen is completely pure. And similarly, the semen of a minor also does not defile, as it is written (Leviticus 15:16): “When a man has an emission of semen, [he shall bathe his whole body in water and remain impure until evening],” a man/איש, but not a minor/קטן who is younger than nine-years and one-day old, for [prior to the age of nine-years and one-day] his act of sexual intercourse is not coition. And its measurement to the observer is a little bit, even similar to a mustard seed, and to contact/touching, like that of a lentil. And specifically moist semen that defiles, as it is written (Leviticus 15:16): “[When a man has] an emission of semen/כי תצא ממנו שכבת זרע,” he who is appropriate for emitting semen, for since the teacher of our Mishnah did not consider a בעל קרי/one who experienced a seminal emission (see Leviticus 15:16-18) as one of the primary sources of defilement, we learn from this that it is none other than first degree of ritual defilement, and this is taught at the conclusion of Tractate Zavim (Chapter 5, Mishnah 11), that a person who experienced a seminal emission is like one who came in contact with a reptile, and is not seen as other than first [degree of ritual defilement].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:3)

**וּטְמֵא מֵת.** אָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְמֵת. אֲבָל כֵּלִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְמֵת הֵן כַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ, וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן נַעֲשֶׂה אַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וְכֵלִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְאָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְמֵת אוֹ בְאָדָם שֶׁנָּגַע בְּכֵלִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְמֵת, הֲווּ אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וּטְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה כָאָדָם, כְּדִתְנַן פֶּרֶק קַמָּא דְאֳהָלוֹת. אֲבָל כְּלֵי חֶרֶס וָאֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְמֵת אֵין נַעֲשִׂים אַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וְדַוְקָא יִשְׂרָאֵל נַעֲשֶׂה אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כְּשֶׁנָּגַע בְּמֵת, אֲבָל לֹא נָכְרִי, וְכֵן נֵפֶל שֶׁנּוֹלַד בֶּן שְׁמֹנָה אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה אִם נָגַע בְּמֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וטמא מת – a person who became defiled through contact with the dead. But utensils/vessels that came in contact with the dead are like the dead itself, and whatever comes in contact with them is made into a primary source of ritual defilement. But utensils/vessels which came in contact with a person who was defiled through contact with the dead or a person who came in contact with utensils/vessels that had been in contact with the dead, they are primary sources of ritual defilement and are defiled for seven days like a person, as is taught in the Mishnah of the first chapter of Ohalot [Mishnah 2]. But earthenware and foods and liquids that came in contact with the dead do not become primary sources of ritual defilement. And especially an Israelite becomes a primary source of ritual defilement when he touched a dead person. But an idolater and similarly a non-viable birth/premature that was born at the age of a month is not susceptible to become ritually impure if he came in contact with the dead.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:4)

**וּמְצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ.** מְצֹרָע שֶׁהֻחְלַט בְּאֶחָד מִן הַנְּגָעִים וְנִתְרַפֵּא, וְהֻכְשַׁר בְּצִפֳּרִים וְעֵץ אֶרֶז וְאֵזוֹב וּשְׁנִי תוֹלַעַת וְתִגְלַחַת, וְיָשַׁב מִחוּץ לְאָהֳלוֹ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וּבַשְּׁמִינִי מֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו, וְאוֹתָם שִׁבְעַת יָמִים קְרוּיִין יְמֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּמְטַמֵּא אָדָם, דְּנֶאֱמַר כִּבּוּס בְּגָדִים בִּימֵי חִלּוּטוֹ וְנֶאֱמַר כִּבּוּס בְּגָדִים בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, מַה לְּהַלָּן מְטַמֵּא אָדָם אַף כָּאן מְטַמֵּא אָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומצורע בימי ספרו – A confirmed leper (declared ritually impure by a Kohen. All the laws applying to a quarantined leper apply to a confirmed leper – who must grow his hair long and rend his garments; to purify himself when healed, he must shave all his hair, and bring a special purification offering) and who is fitted for Levitical uncleanness with [his bringing] [two] birds, and cedar wood and hyssop and two scarlet-dyed yarn and shaving, and he sits from outside his tent for seven days and one the eighth [day] brings his sacrifices (see Leviticus 14:8), and on those seven days are called the days of his counting, and he defiles humans, and it is stated “the washing of his clothing “ (“The one to be purified shall was his clothing” – Leviticus 14:8) on the day of final decision [by a Kohen] and it is stated, “the washing of his clothes” on the days of his counting (Leviticus 14:9: “[On the seventh day he shall shave off all his hair…]he shall wash his clothes [and bathe his body in water; then he shall be pure],” just as there he defiles a human being, so here [also] he defiles a human being.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:5)

**וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה.** מְטַמְּאוּ בְמַגָּע. וְאִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, מְטַמְּאוּ אַף בְּמַשָּׂא, לְטַמֵּא אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים. דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יט) וּמַזֶּה מֵי הַנִּדָּה יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵי הַנִּדָּה יִטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ לָמְדוּ שֶׁהַמַּזֶּה טָהוֹר, וְלֹא בָא הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לִתֵּן שִׁעוּר לַנּוֹשֵׂא שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בוֹ כְדֵי הַזָּאָה. וְחִלֵּק הַכָּתוּב בֵּין מַיִם לְמַיִם, לוֹמַר לְךָ מַיִם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה מְטַמְּאִים אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים, וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה מְטַמְּאִים אָדָם לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין וְלֹא לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומי חטאת שאין בהם כדי הזייה – defiles him through contact. But if they have enough in order to sprinkle [of the water of the purification upon the unclean] it defiles even through carrying, to defile humans and clothing, as it is written (Numbers 19:21): “Further, he who sprinkled the water of lustration shall wash his clothes, and whoever touches the water of lustration shall be impure until evening.” But our Rabbis/teachers learned that the person who sprinkles is pure, and the Biblical verse does not come other than to give a measure to the person carrying [the waters of the sin-offering of the Red Heifer] that there must be enough for sprinkling , and the Biblical verse divided between the two kinds of water, to inform you that water where there is enough for sprinkling defiles a person to defile clothing, but where there isn’t enough [water] for sprinkling, it defiles a person to defile food and liquids but not to defile clothing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:6)

**וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס בַּאֲוִיר.** כְּשֶׁנָּפְלָה טֻמְאָה בַאֲוִיר כְּלִי חֶרֶס, בֵּין נָגְעָה בַכְּלִי בֵּין לֹא נָגְעָה, נִטְמָא הַכְּלִי. וְאִם נָגְעָה הַטֻּמְאָה בַכְּלִי מִבַּחוּץ, לֹא נִטְמָא בִּנְגִיעָה זוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יא) וְכָל כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל מֵהֶם אֶל תּוֹכוֹ וְגוֹ'‏ יִטְמָא, מִתּוֹכוֹ נִטְמָא וְאֵינוֹ נִטְמָא מֵאֲחוֹרָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וכלי חרס באויר – when his defilement fell in the airspace of an earthenware vessel, whether it touched ,the vessel or whether it did not touch it, the vessel is defiled. But if it the defilement touched the vessel from the outside, it was not defiled by this contact, as it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those (i.e., an article of wood, or a cloth, or a skin, or a sack) falls into an earthen vessel, everything inside it shall be impure [and the vessel itself you shall break],” from inside it/within it, it becomes defiled, but it is not defiled from outside of it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:1:7)

**וְאֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא.** דְּכָל הָנָךְ אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת דַּחֲשִׁיבֵי הָכָא כְתִיב בְּהוּ הַנּוֹגֵעַ וְלֹא כְתִיב בְּהוּ הַנּוֹשֵׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ואינם מטמאין במשא – that all of these primary sources of ritual defilement that are considered here are written concerning them "הנוגע"/someone who comes in contact with them and it is not written: "הנושא"/he who carries them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:2:1)

**מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הָאָדָם בְּמַשָּׂא.** מִשֶּׁהִגְבִּיהַּ אֶחָד מֵהֶן, בֵּין בְּיָדוֹ בֵּין שֶׁהִגְבִּיהוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ עַל כְּתֵפוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע הוּא בַטֻּמְאָה, אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה קְשׁוּרָה בְחֶבֶל וְהִגְבִּיהַּ הַטֻּמְאָה עַל יְדֵי הַחֶבֶל, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֵנִיעַ כֹּבֶד הַדָּבָר הַטָּמֵא בְּעַצְמוֹ נִטְמָא הָאָדָם טֻמְאַת מַשָּׂא לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים שֶׁעָלָיו, אוֹ כָל בְּגָדִים וְכֵלִים שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, חוּץ מִכְּלֵי חֶרֶס, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהַטֻּמְאָה עַל גַּבָּיו. אֲבָל לְאַחַר שֶׁפָּרַשׁ מִן הַטֻּמְאָה אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא כֵלִים בִּנְגִיעָה, לְפִי שֶׁהַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה, לְאַחַר שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנָּה אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, וְאֵין כֵּלִים מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא מֵאַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ בִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֶלָּא שְׁאָר כֵּלִים בִּלְבַד. וְאֵין לְךָ טָמֵא טֻמְאַת מַשָּׂא אֶלָּא הָאָדָם בִּלְבַד, וְלֹא כֵלִים וְלֹא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים, שֶׁאִם הָיוּ כֵלִים רַבִּים זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה וּנְבֵלָה אוֹ מֵי נִדָּה בַּכְּלִי הָעֶלְיוֹן, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ הַכֵּלִים הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים בְּמַשָּׂא כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נָגְעוּ בַנְּבֵלָה אוֹ בְמֵי הַנִּדָּה. וְכֵן אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים אֵין טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת מַשָּׂא, דְּגַבֵּי טֻמְאַת מַשָּׂא כְתִיב לָכֶם, וְדָרְשִׁינַן לָכֶם הֵם מְטַמְּאִים בְּמַשָּׂא וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִים לֹא כֵלִים וְלֹא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים בְּמַשָּׂא. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁהַנְּבֵלָה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא, כָּךְ מְטַמְּאָה בְהֶסֵּט, שֶׁהֶסֵּט מִמִּין מַשָּׂא הוּא, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה עֵץ מֻנָּח בְּרֹאשׁ הָאִילָן אוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל וּנְבֵלָה בְּקָצֶה אֶחָד שֶׁל הָעֵץ וּבָא אָדָם וְהִכְרִיעַ בַּקָּצֶה הַשֵּׁנִי, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגְבִּיהַּ הַקָּצֶה שֶׁבּוֹ הַנְּבֵלָה מֵחֲמַת הַכְרָעָתוֹ, נִטְמָא טֻמְאַת הֶסֵּט, דַּהֲוֵי כְנוֹשֵׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מטמאים את האדם במשא – when he lifts one of them whether by his hand or his fellow lifts it upon his shoulder, and even if he [himself] did not make contact with the defiling substance, or that the defiling substance was tied with a rope and the defiling agent was lifted via the rope. Since he moved the weight of the impure thing on his own, the person is defiled by ritual impurity imparted by carrying [even when not touching them directly] to defile the clothing that is upon him, or all of the garments/clothing and vessels/utensils that he comes in contact with, except for earthenware, all the while that the defiling matter is upon his back. But after he withdrew from the defilement, he does not defile utensils/vessels through touching/contact, for whomever carries the defilement, after he has withdrawn from it is not ought but first degree of ritual impurity, but utensils/vessels do not become susceptible to receive defilement other than from a primary source of ritual impurity. But even at the time that he carries the defilement, he does not defile humans nor earthenware vessels, but rather only other utensils/vessels. And you do not have something that is defiled with ritual impurity imparted by carrying other than a human being alone, but not utensils/vessels and not food and liquids, for if there were may utensils/vessels one on top of the other and a carrion or the waters of lustration in the upper-most vessel, the lower vessels are not defiled by carrying all the while that they did not touch/come in contact with the carrion or with the waters of lustration. And similarly, food and liquids are not defiled with the ritual impurity imparted by carrying, for concerning the ritual impurity imparted by carrying, it is written "לכם" (see Leviticus 11:39: “If an animal that you may eat has died/וכי ימות מן-הבהמה אשר-היא לכם לאכלה [anyone who touches its carcass shall be impure until evening]),” and we expound [the word] "לכם"/that you – that they defile through carrying but they do not defile vessels nor foods and liquids through carrying. And just as carrion defiles through carrying, so it also defiles through movement/ היסט (i.e., by means of a lever, without actually coming in contact with it – and this applies to impurity imparted by someone with gonorrhea, a woman in flux, a menstruating woman or a woman after childbirth), for movement is from the category/species of carrying, as for example, that there was wood placed at the tope of a tree or at the top of a wall and a carrion was at one end of the wood and a person comes and puts the knee of the balance down on the second/opposite end, since he lifted the end on which the carrion on is on account of his additional weight, it is defiled with the ritual impurity of movement, which is like carrying.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:2:2)

**וַחֲשׂוּכֵי בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע.** כְּלוֹמַר מְנוּעִים הַבְּגָדִים מִטֻּמְאָה אִי אִיכָּא מַגָּע בְּלֹא מַשָּׂא, שֶׁהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּנְּבֵלָה אוֹ בְמֵי הַנִּדָּה וְאֵינוֹ נוֹשְׂאָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֲפִלּוּ בְגָדִים שֶׁעָלָיו, כְּדִכְתִיב (ויקרא יא) הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָם יִטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב, וְלֹא נִזְכַּר שָׁם כִּבּוּס בְּגָדִים, וּבְמֵי הַנִּדָּה נַמִּי כְתִיב (במדבר יט) וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ הַנּוֹגַעַת תִּטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב. חֲשׂוּכֵי, לְשׁוֹן מְנִיעָה. כְּמוֹ וְלֹא חָשַׂכְתָּ אֶת בִּנְךָ (בראשית כב):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וחשוכי בגדים במגע (and to make unclean the persons alone but not their clothes) – meaning to say, the clothes are prevented from defilement if there is contact without carrying, for the person who comes in contact/touches the carrion or the waters of lustration but does not carry them does not defile even the clothing that is upon him, as it written (Leviticus 11:39, though this verse, which is brought by the commentary of Rabbi Pinchas Kahati on this Mishnah does NOT exactly express what Bartenura writes – perhaps he is referring to Leviticus 11:27): “anyone who touches its carcass shall be impure until evening” (and see verse 27: “whoever touches their carcasses/הנוגע בנבלתם shall be impure until evening. [They are impure for you/טמאים המה לכם”), and the washing of clothing is not mentioned there, and with the waters of lustration, it is also written (Numbers 19:21 – and this verse does not match the Hebrew text brought by the Bartenura commentary, but is also referred to by the commentary of Rabbi Pinchas Kahati where he mentions that in both places, the washing of clothing is not mentioned: “Whatever that impure person touches shall be impure until evening/והנוגע במי הנדה יטמא עד-הערב”. On the other hand, use of the Bar Ilan Responsa project takes the reader to Numbers 31:24: “On the seventh day you shall wash your clothes and be pure, and after that you may enter the camp.”). [The word] חשוכי – is the language of prevention, like (Genesis 22:16): “Because [you have done this] and have not withheld your son/ולא חשכת את-בנך, [your favored one].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:1)

**בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה.** כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ (ויקרא טו) וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ עָלָיו, לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב כְּנִדָּה, וּכְתִיב בַּתְרֵיהּ וְכָל הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו יִטְמָא, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר, אֶלָּא לְפָרוֹשֵׁי וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ עָלָיו דְּרֵישָׁא אֲתָא, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר, הַאי וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ עָלָיו שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לְךָ, לֹא אָמַרְתִּי אֶלָּא לְעִנְיָן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כְנִדָּה, מַה הִיא מְטַמְּאָה אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס אַף הוּא מְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֲבָל לַעֲשׂוֹת מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב כָּל אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו יִטְמָא הוּא, וְלֹא יְטַמֵּא אָדָם וְכֵלִים כְּמִשְׁכַּב הַנִּדָּה שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא אָדָם וְכֵלִים, אֶלָּא דִין רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה יֵשׁ לוֹ שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין בִּלְבַד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בועל נדה – It is written concerning them (Leviticus 15:24): “[And if a man lies with her,] her menstrual impurity is communicated to him/ותהי נדתה עליו; [he shall be impure seven days, and any bedding on which he lies shall become impure],” we learned that he, like a menstruating woman, defiles surfaces designated for lying and sitting, and it is written after this (Leviticus 15:24): “and any bedding on which he lies shall become impure/כל משכב אשר-ישכב עליו יטמא,” but it is not necessary to state this, but rather it comes to explain, “her menstrual impurity is communicated to him,” of the first clause [of the Mishnah], and this is what he said: this [phrase], “her menstrual impurity is communicated to him,” that I stated to you, I did not say other than in regard to the matter that he would be a primary source of ritual impurity like a menstruating woman, that just as she defiles a person and an earthenware vessel, even he defiles a person and an earthenware vessel, but [also] to make a surface designated for lying and sitting [impure], that “and any bedding on which he lies shall become impure,” but that he does not defile a person and vessels like the bedding of a menstruant woman who defiles a person and vessels/utensils, but he has the first degree of defilement that he defiles food and liquids alone.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:2)

**מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן.** כְּלוֹמַר, מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה כְּעֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב, מַה עֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב הַיְנוּ כֵּלִים שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב כְּגוֹן עֶשֶׂר מַצָּעוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ וְכֻלָּן עַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב, בֵּין שֶׁנָּגַע בָּהֶן הַזָּב בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע, טְמֵאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין אֲבָל לֹא אָדָם וְכֵלִים, אַף תַּחְתּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה דְּהַיְנוּ הַמַּצָּעוֹת שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו מְטַמְּאִין אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין וְלֹא אָדָם וְכֵלִים. דְּאִלּוּ תַחְתּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְזָבָה וְנִדָּה וְיוֹלֶדֶת, אֲפִלּוּ עֶשֶׂר מַצָּעוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ וְאֶחָד מִן הַטְּמֵאִין הַלָּלוּ בָּעֶלְיוֹן, כֻּלָּן שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו טְמֵאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
משכב תחתון כעליון (the lower surface upon which one lies is like the upper one)– that is to say, the lower surface upon which the man who has intercourse with a menstruating woman is like the upper one of a person with gonorrhea, that just as the upper surface of a person with gonorrhea, and that is vessels that are above the person with gonorrhea, such as ten couches one on top of the other and all of them are on top of the person with gonorrhea, whether the person with gonorrhea was in contact with them or not are ritually impure and they defile food and liquids but not humans nor vessels, so also the lower surface of a person who has intercourse with a menstruating woman, that is, the couches that are under him defile food and liquids but not humans and utensils/vessels. Whereas the lower surface below a person with gonorrhea or a woman with a flux or a menstruating woman or a woman after childbirth, even ten couches one on top of the other, and one of these defiled [couches] are above, all of them that are below/the lower surface are impure and defile humans and utensils/vessels.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:3)

**לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְכוּ'.** מִשּׁוּם דְּהָנָךְ דַּחֲשִׁיב וְאָזֵיל מְטַמְּאִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וּבוֹעֵל נִדָּה אֵין מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיִּשָּׂא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי קָתָנֵי לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, כְּלוֹמַר דְּהָנָךְ דַּחֲשִׁיב הֵן לְמַעְלָה מִבּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, לְפִי שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּבוֹעֵל נִדָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
למעלה מהן זובו של זב כו' – because these that are important and move defile I ay amount through contact and lifting, but a person having sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman does not defile until he raises [her] entirely, because of this it is taught [in the Mishnah], “above them/למעלה מהן,” meaning to say that these are considered are above/more important than someone who has intercourse with a menstruating woman because they defile with any amount, what is not the case with someone who has sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:4)

**שֶׁהֵם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא.** שֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעָן לְמַשָּׂאָן, דְּבֵין בְּמַגָּע בֵּין בְּמַשָּׂא מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים וְכֵלִים חוּץ מֵאָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שהם מטמאים במגע ובמשא – that their contact is equivalent to their lifting, that whether through contact or through lifting, they defile humans to defile clothing and vessels other than a person and vessels.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:5)

**מֶרְכָּב.** הַתְּפוּס שֶׁל אֻכָּף קָרוּי מֶרְכָּב. שֶׁהָאֻכָּף עַצְמוֹ שֶׁאָדָם רוֹכֵב עָלָיו טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב, וְהַתְּפוּס שֶׁלּוֹ טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם מֶרְכָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מרכב (riding) – the piece of wood fastened to a saddle, which is grasped on mounting of the saddle is called מרכב/riding – that the saddle itself that a person rides upon is impure because of sitting, and its piece of wood fastened to the saddle, which is grasped on mounting of the saddle is impure because of מרכב/riding.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:6)

**שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַּחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא.** אֶבֶן גְּדוֹלָה וּכְבֵדָה. כְּדִכְתִיב (דניאל ו) וְהֵיתָיִת אֶבֶן חֲדָא וְשֻׂמַת עַל פֻּם גֻּבָּא. וְאִם הָיְתָה אֶבֶן גְּדוֹלָה עַל גַּבֵּי הַתְּפוּס שֶׁל מֶרְכָּב וְהַזָּב תּוֹפֵס בָּהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין כָּבְדוֹ שֶׁל זָב נִכָּר עַל הַמֶּרְכָּב, נִטְמָא הַתְּפוּס שֶׁתַּחַת הָאֶבֶן מִשּׁוּם מֶרְכָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שהוא מטמא תחת אבן מסמא (that it defiles underneath a stone used for closing a pit – that the corpse was put on a closing – immovable-stone – under which there is a cavity- see Tractate Niddah 69b) – a large and heavy stone, as it is written (Daniel 6:18): “A rock was brought and placed over the mouth of the den; [the king sealed it with his signet and with the signet of the nobles, so that nothing might be altered concerning Daniel].” But if there was a large stone on top of the piece of wood fastened to a saddle, which is grasped on mounting of the riding and a person with gonorrhea grabs hold of it, even though the weight of the person with gonorrhea is not recognized on the riding seat, the piece of wood fastened to the saddle that is under the stone is defiled because of the riding seat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:7)

**לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמֶּרְכָּב מִשְׁכָּב.** דִּבְאֶבֶן מְסָמָא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב כְּמוֹ מֶרְכָּב, וְעוֹד חָמוּר מִמֶּנּוּ דְּשָׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ לְטַמֵּא אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים. מַגָּעוֹ בְהֶדְיָא כְתִיב בֵּיהּ (ויקרא טו) וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו. וּמַשָּׂאוֹ, דִּלְאַחַר שֶׁהִזְכִּיר הַכָּתוּב דִּין מַגַּע הַמִּשְׁכָּב וְדִין מַגָּע שֶׁל מֶרְכָּב נֶאֱמַר וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אוֹתָם יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו, אַלְמָא בְּמִשְׁכָּב בֵּין מַגָּע בֵּין מַשָּׂא טְעוּנִים כִּבּוּס בְּגָדִים, אֲבָל בְּמֶרְכָּב חִלֵּק הַכָּתוּב בֵּין מַגָּע לְמַשָּׂא, דִּכְתִיב (שם) וְכָל הַמֶּרְכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִרְכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב יִטְמָא, וְאִלּוּ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו לֹא כְתִיב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
למעלה מן המרכב משכב – for the stone used for closing a pit that the corpse was put on a closing (immovable) stone defiles lying as it does riding. And more stringent than this is that its coming in contact/touching is equivalent to carrying it to defile a person which defiles his clothing. His coming in contact/touching is explicitly written (Leviticus 15:5): “Anyone who touches his bedding shall wash his clothes, [bathe in water, and remain impure until evening].” And his carrying, that after Scripture mentioned the law of touching by lying and the law of touching by riding it states (Leviticus 15:9-10): “[Any means for riding that one with a discharge has mounted shall be impure; whoever touches anything that was under him shall be impure until evening;] and whoever carries such things shall wash his clothes, [bathe in water, and remain impure until evening],” so we see that regarding lying, whether through contact/touching – whether through carrying, requires the washing of clothing, but concerning riding, Scripture divides between coming in contact with/touching and carrying as it is written (Leviticus 15:9): “Any means for riding that one with a discharge has mounted shall be impure,” whereas that he should wash his clothes, is not written.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:3:8)

**וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב.** דִּכְתִיב (שם) כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב יִטְמָא, זָב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב. וְהִלְכָּךְ אִם נָגַע מִשְׁכַּב הַזָּב בְּכֵלִים אֵינָם אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה. נִמְצָא זָב לְמַעְלָה מִמִּשְׁכָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ואין משכב עושה משכב – as it is written (Leviticus 15:4): “Any bedding on which the one with a discharge lies shall be impure,” the man with a discharge/gonorrhea makes the bedding [impure] but the bedding does not make the bedding [impure]. Therefore, if the bedding of person with gonorrhea touched/came in contact with vessels/utensils, they are not other than first degree of ritual defilement. It is found that the man with gonorrhea is [on a] higher [level of impurity] than that of bedding.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:4:1)

**שֶׁהִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ.** טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. דְּגַבֵּי נִדָּה כְתִיב (שם) וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ עָלָיו וְטָמֵא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, וּכְתִיב נַמִּי גַּבֵּי זָבָה (שם) כִּימֵי נִדָּתָהּ תִּהְיֶה טְמֵאָה הִיא. וְדָרְשִׁינַן תִּהְיֶה טְמֵאָה, לְרַבּוֹת אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ. הִיא, הִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ וְאֵין הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא אֶת מַה שֶּׁבּוֹעֵל טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, אֶלָּא טֻמְאַת מַגָּע וּמַשָּׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שהיא מטמאה את בועלה – seven [days] of uncleanness. For regarding a menstruating woman, it is written (Leviticus 15:24): “[And if a man lies with her,] her menstrual impurity is communicated to him and he shall be impure seen days” and it is also written regarding a woman with flux (Leviticus 15:25): “she shall be impure, as though at the time of her menstrual impurity, as long as her discharge lasts,” and we expound upon "תהיה טמאה היא"/she shall be impure – to include the man who had sexual intercourse with her. [The word] "היא"/she – that she defiles the man who had sexual intercourse with her but the person with gonorrhea does not defile whomever he has had sexual intercourse with for [a period of] seven [days], but only the defilement of contact/touching and carrying.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:4:2)

**לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּבָה מְצֹרָע.** דִּמְצֹרָע עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב כְּזָבָה, וְחָמוּר מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה, כְּשֶׁבָּא אֶל הַבַּיִת טָמֵא כָּל מַה שֶׁבַּבַּיִת וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע, דִּכְתִיב (שם יג) מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה מוֹשָׁבוֹ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמּוֹשָׁבוֹ טָמֵא. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ מְצֹרָע שֶׁיּוֹשֵׁב תַּחַת הָאִילָן וְטָהוֹר עוֹבֵר, נִטְמָא הַטָּהוֹר. וְאִם טָהוֹר יוֹשֵׁב תַּחַת הָאִילָן וּמְצֹרָע עוֹבֵר, לֹא נִטְמָא הַטָּהוֹר. וְכֵן בַּבֶּגֶד הַמְנֻגָּע וּבָאֶבֶן הַמְנֻגַּעַת. וְדַוְקָא מְצֹרָע בִּימֵי חִלּוּטוֹ, אֲבָל בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, דְהַיְנוּ לְאַחַר תִּגְלַחַת וְצִפֳּרִים, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּמִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
למעלה מן הזבה מצורע – a leper [defiles] by lying and sitting like a woman with a flux. But more stringent than her, he defiles through entering [a place]. When he comes to the house, everything that is in the house is impure, even though he did not touch it/come in contact with it, as it is written (Leviticus 13:46): “[He shall be impure as long as the disease is upon him. Being impure, he shall dwell apart;] his dwelling shall be outside the camp,” which teaches that is dwelling is impure. From here, they (i.e., the Rabbis) stated that a leper that sits underneath the tree and a pure person passes by, the pure person is defiled. But if a pure person sits underneath the tree and a leper passes by, the pure person is not defiled. And similarly leprous clothing and with a leprous stone. And especially concerning a leper during the days of his receiving final judgment following probationary enclosure, but during the days of his counting, that is, after shaving/cutting off all of his hair and [the offering of] the birds, he does not defile by entering and he does not defile by lying and sitting.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:4:3)

**לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמְּצֹרָע עֶצֶם כַּשְּׁעוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה.** דִּכְתִיב (במדבר לא) וְכִבַּסְתֶּם בִּגְדֵיכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּטְהַרְתֶּם, כָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁאַתֶּם מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמֵת לֹא יִהְיוּ פְּחוּתִים מִשִּׁבְעָה. וְאַף עַל גַּב דִּמְצֹרָע חָמוּר מֵעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, דִּמְצֹרָע מְטַמֵּא כָל אֲשֶׁר בָּאֹהֶל כְּשֶׁבָּא אֶל הָאֹהֶל, וְעֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּמַעֲלָה זוֹ מִיהָא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה חָמוּר, שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. וְכֵן כָּל הָנֵי לְמַעְלָה לְמַעְלָה דַּחֲשִׁיב, לָאו לְכָל מִלֵּי קָאָמַר דְּחָמוּר בַּשֵּׁנִי מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן, דְּהַרְבֵּה מֵהֶן יֵשׁ שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֻמְרָא בָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁאֵינָהּ בַּשֵּׁנִי, אֶלָּא לְאוֹתָהּ מַעֲלָה שֶׁהוּא מוֹנֶה בִּלְבַד קָאָמַר שֶׁהַשֵּׁנִי חָמוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
למעלה מן המצורע עצם כשעורה שהוא מטמא טומאת שבעה – as it is written (Numbers 31:24): “On the seventh day you shall wash your clothes and be pure, [and after that you may enter the camp],” all defilements that you become defiled through [contact with] the dead will not be less than seven [days]. But even though that the leper is more stringent than a bone the size of a barley corn, for the leper defiles everything that is in the tent when he comes to the tent, but the bone the size of barley corn does not defile in the tent, nevertheless, on this level, however, the bone the size of a barley corn is more stringent as it defiles an uncleanness of seven[days]. And similarly, all of these are of [increasingly] higher levels that are considered not for every matter it is stated that the second is more stringent than the first, for many of them have a stringency in the first [mentioned] that is not [found] in the second, but for that [higher] level that he counts alone it is stated that the second is more stringent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:4:4)

**חָמוּר מִכֻּלָּם מֵת.** יֵשׁ מֵהֶן חֲמוּרִים מִמֵּת, שֶׁזָּב וְזָבָה עוֹשִׂים מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וּמְטַמְּאִין בְּאֶבֶן מְסָמָא, וּמֵת אֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּאֶבֶן מְסָמָא, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּמַעֲלָה זוֹ מֵת חָמוּר מִכֻּלָּן, שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא בְּאֹהֶל. וּמַה שֶּׁמְּצֹרָע מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה, אֵין טֻמְאָתוֹ כְּטֻמְאַת אֹהֶל, דְּאִם הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, טָהוֹר, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִכְנַס כֻּלּוֹ חוּץ מֵחָטְמוֹ, טָהוֹר, דְּבִיאָה בְּמִקְצָת לָאו שְׁמָהּ בִּיאָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ מְחִצָּה מַצֶּלֶת בְּבַיִת שֶׁהַמְּצֹרָע שָׁם, כְּדִתְנַן בִּנְגָעִים סוֹף פֶּרֶק י"ג נִכְנָס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת עוֹשִׂים לוֹ מְחִצָּה גְבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, נִכְנָס רִאשׁוֹן וְיוֹצֵא אַחֲרוֹן. וְכָל כְּהַאי גַוְנָא בְמֵת מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל. אִי נַמִּי יֵשׁ חִלּוּק בֵּין מְצֹרָע יוֹשֵׁב לִמְצֹרָע עוֹבֵר כִּדְפָרֵישְׁנָא לְעֵיל, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּמֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
חמור מכולם מת – there are those of them [listed] that are more stringent than a corpse, for a man with gonorrhea and a woman with flux makes [defilement] through lying and sitting and defile with the very heavy stone, but a corpse does not [defile] through lying and sitting and doesn’t defile with a very heavy stone. But nevertheless, on this [higher] level, a corpse is more stringent than all of them, as it defiles by overshadowing. For just as a leper causes defilement through entrance, his defilement is not like the defilement of overshadowing, for if he brought his hand into a leprous house, it is pure, and even if he completely entered except for his nose, he is pure, for partial entering is not called entering. And even a partition saves in a house where the leper is, as is taught in the Mishnah of [Tractate] Negaim at the end of the thirteenth chapter [Mishnah 12]: “If he entered the synagogue, they make a partition for him ten handbreadths high [by four cubits wide]. He enters first and leaves last.” And all in a similar manner concerning a corpse that defiles in a tent. Alternatively, there is a division between a sitting leper and a passing leper, as I have explained above, what is not the case regarding a corpse.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:1)

**עֶשֶׂר טֻמְאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם.** עֶשֶׂר מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ יֵשׁ בְּטֻמְאוֹת הַפּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עשר טמאות פורשות מן האדם – there are ten levels/degrees of uncleanness one above the other that emanate from the human.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:2)

**מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים.** כְּגוֹן מְצֹרָע מֻחְלָט, וְזָב בַּעַל שָׁלֹשׁ רְאִיּוֹת, וְזָבָה, וְיוֹלֶדֶת, שֶׁטָּבְלוּ וְהֶעֱרִיב שִׁמְשָׁן, אֲסוּרִין לֶאֱכֹל קָדָשִׁים עַד שֶׁיָּבִיאוּ כַפָּרָתָן. וּמֻתָּרִין בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מחוסר כפורים (lacking atonement) – as for example the confirmed leper (whom must grow his hair long and rend his garments), and the male with gonorrhea who has had three appearances of flux, and the woman with flux and the woman following childbirth, who immersed in the ritual bath and when their [seventh day’s] suns have set, they are prohibited to eat Holy Things until they bring their atonement. And then [if they are Kohanim or married to them] are permitted to eat heave-offering/Terumah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:3)

**חָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְבוּל יוֹם.** טָמֵא שֶׁטָּבַל וְלֹא הֶעֱרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
חזר להיות טבול יום – an impure person who has immersed in the ritual bath/Mikveh but his sunset has not come.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:4)

**אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה.** וּפוֹסֵל אוֹתָם אִם נָגַע בָּהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אסור בקודש ובתרומה – and he disqualifies/invalidates them if he comes in contact with/touches them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:5)

**חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי.** שֶׁיָּצָא מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע וְלֹא טָבַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
חזר להיות בעל קרי – that effusion of semen came out from him and he didn’t immerse in a Mikveh.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:6)

**חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה.** וְהָא דְּלֹא תָנֵי חָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְמֵא מֵת שֶׁהוּא חָמוּר מִבַּעַל קֶרִי, דִּטְמֵא מֵת אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וּבַעַל קֶרִי אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן, וַהֲדַר לִתְנֵי חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה דְּחָמוּר מִטְּמֵא מֵת, שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב הַתַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן, מִשּׁוּם דְּהָנָךְ עֶשֶׂר טֻמְאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם, וְזוֹ טֻמְאַת מַגָּע הִיא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
חזר להיות בועל נדה – but surely that it (i.e., the Mishnah) did not teach that he became unclean through contact with a corpse which is more severe than someone who experienced a seminal emission, for a person who comes in contact with a corpse is a primary source of ritual impurity, but someone who experienced a seminal emission is only a first-degree of ritual impurity, and it (i.e., the Mishnah) returns to teach that he returned to become someone who had sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman which is more severe than someone who became unclean through contact with a corpse that he defiles the lower surface upon which he lies which is like the upper one. And because these ten defilements emanate from the human being, this is defilement through contact.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:7)

**מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן.** מִשְׁכָּב הַתַּחְתּוֹן שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה כְעֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב, מַה עֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב טָמֵא לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין אֲבָל לֹא אָדָם וְכֵלִים, אַף תַּחְתּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה טָמֵא לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין לֹא אָדָם וְכֵלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
משכב תחתון כעליון (the lower surface upon which one lies is like the upper one) – the bedding underneath the man who engages in sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman is like the upper one of a man with gonorrhea/flux. Just as what is above a man with gonorrhea is unclean to defile food and liquids but not a person nor vessels, even what is below the man who has sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman is impure to defile food and liquids, but not humans or vessels/utensils.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:8)

**שֶׁרָאָה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב.** וְצָרִיךְ לִסְפֹּר שִׁבְעָה נְקִיִּים. דְּהָכִי תְנַן פֶּרֶק קַמָּא דִמְגִלָּה (משנה ג) אֵין בֵּין זָב הָרוֹאֶה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת לְזָב שֶׁרָאָה שָׁלֹשׁ רְאִיּוֹת אֶלָּא קָרְבָּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שראה שתי ראיות מטמא משכב ומושב (renders unclean the couch and the chair he sits upon) – and he needs to count seven clean [days]. For this is taught in the Mishnah in the first chapter of [Tractate] Megillah (Mishnah 7): “There is no difference between a person with gonorrhea/Zab who suffers two appearances of flux and one who suffers three except the requirement of a sacrifice/offering [for the latter].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:9)

**וְצָרִיךְ בִּיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים.** דִּכְתִיב בְּזָב (ויקרא טו) וְרָחַץ בְּשָׂרוֹ בְּמַיִם חַיִּים. אֲבָל שְׁאָר כָּל הַטְּמֵאִים סַגִּי לְהוּ בְמֵי מִקְוֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וצריך ביאת מים חיים – as it is written concerning a man with gonorrhea/flux (Leviticus 15:13): “[When one with a discharge becomes purified of his discharge, he shall count off seven days for his purification, wash his clothes, [and bathe his body in fresh water/מים חיים; [then he shall be pure],” but the rest of all of those who are impure, the waters of the Mikveh are sufficient for them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:10)

**חַיָּב בַּקָּרְבָּן.** הֶאָמוּר בְּפָרָשַׁת מְצֹרָע גַּבֵּי זָב. וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא קָרְבָּן הָוֵי מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
חייב קרבן – that is stated in the Torah portion of Metzora regarding a man with gonorrhea/flux (Leviticus 15:14-15). And all the time that he didn’t bring a sacrifice, he is lacking atonement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:11)

**מְצֹרָע מֻסְגָּר.** שֶׁמַּסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים לִרְאוֹת אִם יִוָּלְדוּ בּוֹ סִימָנֵי טֻמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מצורע מוסגר (quarantined leper) – that the Kohen quarantines him for seven days to see if he will produce signs/symptoms of defilement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:12)

**מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה.** אִם בָּא אֶל הַבַּיִת נִטְמָא כָל אֲשֶׁר בַּבַּיִת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מטמא בביאה – if he comes into the house, everything that is in the house is defiled.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:13)

**וּפָטוּר מִן הַפְּרִיעָה וּמִן הַפְּרִימָה.** דְּלֹא אָמְרָה תּוֹרָה בְּגָדָיו יִהְיוּ פְרוּמִים וְרֹאשׁוֹ יִהְיֶה פָּרוּעַ, אֶלָּא בִמְצֹרָע מֻחְלָט:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ופטור מן הפריעה ומן הפרימה (and he is exempt from letting the hair grow and rending his garments) – for the Torah did not say that his clothing should be rent/torn and that [the hair on] his head will be neglected (i.e., allowed to grow wildly).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:14)

**וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת וּמִן הַצִּפֳּרִים.** דְּמֻחְלָט שֶׁנִּתְרַפֵּא מֵבִיא צִפֳּרִים וּמְגַלֵּחַ אֶת כָּל שְׂעָרוֹ, וּמֻסְגָּר לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומן התגלחת ומן הצפורים – that a confirmed [leper] that healed brings birds and shaves all of his hair off but a quarantined [leper] does not [do these things].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:15)

**שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי.** כְּדִמְפָרֵשׁ בַּסֵּיפָא כְדֵי לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאין עליו בשר כראוי – as is explained in the concluding clause [of the Mishnah] in order to produce new flesh/skin on a healing wound.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:16
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:16)

**מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל.** דִּבְמַגַּע כְּתִיב (במדבר יט) [וְעַל] הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּעֶצֶם, מַשְׁמַע בֵּין יֵשׁ בּוֹ בָשָׂר כָּרָאוּי בֵּין אֵין בּוֹ בָשָׂר כָּרָאוּי. וּבְטֻמְאַת אֹהֶל כְּתִיב, אוֹ בְעֶצֶם אָדָם אוֹ בְקָבֶר, וְעֶצֶם אָדָם מַשְׁמַע עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בוֹ בָשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מטמא במגע ובמשא ואינו מטמא באוהל – that regarding contact/touching, it is written (Numbers 19:18): “[and on] him who touched the bones [or the person who was killed or died naturally or the grave],”implying, whether he has appropriate flesh or whether he lacks appropriate flesh. And regarding the defilement in a tent, it is written (Numbers 19:16): “or human bone, or a grave, [shall be impure seven days],” and human bone implies until there will be upon him flesh and sinews and bones.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:17
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:5:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:5:17)

**בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיפוֹ בְחוּט עֵרֶב.** שֶׁאִם יַחְתֹּךְ הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁעַל הָאֵבָר לְחוּטִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּעָבְיָן כְּחוּט עֵרֶב, שֶׁהוּא יוֹתֵר עָב מִחוּט הַשְּׁתִי כִּפְלַיִם, וְיִהְיֶה בָהֶן כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיף אֶת הָאֵבָר, בְּיָדוּעַ דִּבְהָכִי הוּא מַעֲלֶה אֲרוּכָה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
במקום אחד כדי להקיפו בחוט ערב (in one place enough [flesh] to surround the member with [the thickness] of the thread of the woof) – if he would cut the flesh that is on the limb to thread that have in their thickness like the thread of the woof, which is thicker by double than the thread of the warp, and there will be in them enough to surround the member, while knowing that through this, it is producing new flesh/skin on a healing wound. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:6:1)

**עֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת הֵן.** אַיְדֵי דְּאַיְרֵי לְעֵיל בְּמַעֲלוֹת שֶׁל טֻמְאוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ, תָּנָא נַמִּי הָכָא מַעֲלוֹת שֶׁל קְדֻשּׁוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עשר קדושות הן – since we speak about the degrees/ of defilement – one above the other, it (i.e., the Mishnah) also teaches the degrees/ascents of holiness, one above from the other.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:6:2)

**שֶׁמְּבִיאִין מִמֶּנָּה הָעֹמֶר.** דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא כג) וּקְצַרְתֶּם אֶת קְצִירָהּ וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר, קְצִירָהּ וְלֹא קְצִיר חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שמביאין ממנה העומר – as it is written (Leviticus 23:10): “[When you enter the land that I am giving to you] and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the first sheaf [of your harvest to the priest],” reaping the harvest [in the land of Israel] but not the harvest outside the Land.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:6:3)

**וְהַבִּכּוּרִים.** דִּכְתִיב (דברים כו) וְלָקַחְתָּ מֵרֵאשִׁית כָּל פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר תָּבִיא מֵאַרְצְךָ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והבכורים – as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:2): “You shall take some of every first fruit of the soil, which you harvest from the land [that the LORD your God is giving you].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:6:4)

**וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם.** דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא כג) מִמּוֹשְׁבוֹתֵיכֶם תָּבִיאוּ לֶחֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ושתי הלחם – as it is written (Leviticus 23:17): “You shall bring from your settlements two loaves of bread [as an elevation offering].” (Also see Tractate Kiddushin, Chapter 1, Mishnah 7: “Every commandment that is dependent upon/tied to the land [of Israel] is not observed other than in the Land [of Israel.].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:7:1)

**עֲיָרוֹת הַמֻּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה.** מִימוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן. דְּבִמְצֹרָע כְּתִיב (שם יג) מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה מוֹשָׁבוֹ, חוּץ לְמַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּכְשֶׁכָּבַשׁ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת הָאָרֶץ קִדֵּשׁ הָעֲיָרוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ מֻקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה בְּיָמָיו שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כְּמַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ מִשָּׁם מְצֹרָעִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עיירות המוקפות חומה –[cities surrounded by a wall] from the days of Joshua son of Nun. That regarding a leper it is written (Leviticus 13:46): “[He shall be impure as long as the disease is on him. Being impure, he shall dwell apart;] his dwelling shall be outside the camp,” outside of the camp of Israel. But when Joshua conquered the Land, he sanctified the cities/towns that were surround by a wall in his days that they would be like the camp of Israel to send off from there the lepers.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:7:2)

**וּמְסַבְּבִים לְתוֹכָן מֵת.** מֻתָּר לְנָשְׂאוֹ בָּעִיר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם עַד מָקוֹם שֶׁיִּרְצוּ טוֹבֵי הָעִיר לְקָבְרוֹ שָׁם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומסבבים לתוכן מת – it is permitted to carry it (i.e., the corpse) in the city from place to place until the place that the representatives of the town wish to bury him there.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:7:3)

**יָצָא.** הַמֵּת מִן הָעִיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
יצא – if the corpse [left] the city.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:7:4)

**אֵין מַחֲזִירִים אוֹתוֹ.** בָּעִיר לְקָבְרוֹ שָׁם, וַאֲפִלּוּ רָצוּ טוֹבֵי הָעִיר, דְּכֵיוָן דְּיָצְאָה טֻמְאָה מִן הָעִיר אֵין מַכְנִיסִין אוֹתָהּ בְּתוֹכָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אין מחזירים אותו – [they don’t bring him back] into the city to bury him there and even if the representatives of the town wished it. For since the defilement departed from the city, we don’t bring it back inside [the city].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:1)

**לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה.** מֵחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
לפנים מן החומה – from the wall of Jerusalem.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:2)

**שֶׁאוֹכְלִים שָׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי.** דִּכְתִיב (דברים יב) וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה וְגוֹ', וּכְתִיב (שם) לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְגוֹ':

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאוכלים שם קדשים קלים ומעשר שני – as it is written (Deuteronomy 12:5-6): “[But only to the site that the LORD your God will choose amidst all your tribes as His habitation, to establish His name there.] There you are to go, and there you are to bring [your burnt-offerings and other sacrifices], and it is written (Deuteronomy 12:17): “You may not partake in your settlements [of the tithes of your new grain or wine or oil].” (see also Tractate Makkot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 3).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:3)

**הַר הַבַּיִת.** חָמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת אַמָּה עַל חָמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת אַמָּה הָיָה, וּבוֹ הָיָה בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בָּנוּי, וּמִשָּׁם מַתְחִיל מַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה וְשִׁעוּרוֹ עַד שַׁעַר נִיקָנוֹר, מִשַּׁעַר נִיקָנוֹר וְלִפְנִים מַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה, וּמֵהַר הַבַּיִת וְלַחוּץ עַד חוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
הר הבית – it was five-hundred cubits by five-hundred cubits, and in it the Temple was built, and from there begins the Levitical camp and its measurement [is] until the Nicanor Gate, from the Nicanor Gate inward is the camp of God’s presence, and from the Temple Mount towards the outside until the wall of Jerusalem is the camp of Israel (see also Tractate Middot, Chapter 2, Mishnah 12).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:4)

**שֶׁאֵין זָבִים וְזָבוֹת נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם.** דִּכְתִיב (במדבר ה) וִישַׁלְּחוּ מִן הַמַּחֲנֶה כָּל צָרוּעַ וְכָל זָב וְכָל טָמֵא לָנָפֶשׁ, שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן יוֹצְאִים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר בַּמְּצֹרָע בָּדָד יֵשֵׁב, אַלְמָא אֵינוֹ מְשֻׁלָּח לְמָקוֹם שֶׁזָּב וּטְמֵא מֵת מְשֻׁלָּחִים. וּמַה מְּצֹרָע שֶׁטֻּמְאָתוֹ חֲמוּרָה חָמוּר שִׁלּוּחוֹ מִשִּׁלּוּחַ חֲבֵרוֹ דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יג) מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה מוֹשָׁבוֹ, לְפִיכָךְ מְשֻׁלָּח חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, אַף זָבִים וְזָבוֹת נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת שֶׁטֻּמְאָתָן חֲמוּרָה מִטֻּמְאַת מֵת, שֶׁעוֹשׂוֹת מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וּמְטַמְּאוֹת בְּאֶבֶן מְסָמָא, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּטֻמְאַת מֵת, חָמוּר שִׁלּוּחָן מִשִּׁלּוּחַ חֲבֵרָן. נִמְצֵאתָ אוֹמֵר, מְצֹרָע מְשֻׁלָּח חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁהִיא כְּנֶגֶד מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְזָבִים וְזָבוֹת נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת מְשֻׁלָּחוֹת מֵהַר הַבַּיִת, שֶׁהוּא מַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה, וּמֻתָּרוֹת בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. טְמֵא מֵת וַאֲפִלּוּ מֵת עַצְמוֹ מֻתָּר בְּהַר הַבַּיִת, וּמְשֻׁלָּח מִשַּׁעַר נִיקָנוֹר וְלִפְנִים, שֶׁהוּא מַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאין זבים וזבות נדות ויולדות נכנסים לשם – as it is written (Numbers 5:2): “[Instruct the Israelites] to remove from camp anyone with an eruption or a discharge and anyone defiled by a corpse,” I hear that all three (i.e., a man with gonorrhea/a woman with a flux, menstruating women and women after childbirth) go out to one place, the inference teaches us regarding a leper (Leviticus 13:46): “[He shall be impure as long as the disease is on him. Being impure,] he shall dwell apart,” so we see that he is not sent to the place that the man with gonorrhea/flux and someone defiled to a corpse are sent, and just as a leper whose defilement is more severe, his banishment from the banishment of his fellow as it is written (Leviticus 13:46): “his dwelling shall be outside the camp,” therefore he is exiled outside of Jerusalem, even those men with gonorrhea or women with flux, menstruating women and women following childbirth whose defilement is graver than the defilement of coming in contact with a corpse, that make [defilement by] lying and sitting and the very heavy stone (leading to that which is beneath it becoming ritually impure) which is not the case for someone defiled through contact with a corpse, their exile is greater than the exile of their fellows. It is found that one states, that a leper is exiled outside of Jerusalem which is opposite the camp of Israel. Men with gonorrhea/flux and women with a flux and menstruating women and women after childbirth are exiled from the Temple Mount. That this is the camp of the Levites, but they are permitted in Jerusalem. A person defiled by contact with a corpse and even the corpse itself are permitted on the Temple Mount and is exiled from Nicanor Gate and within, which is the camp of the Divine Presence/Shekhina.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:5)

**הַחֵיל.** לִפְנִים מֵחוֹמַת הַר הַבַּיִת הָיָה כֹתֶל גָּבֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וְהוּא נִקְרָא סוֹרֵג, וְלִפְנִים מִמֶּנּוּ הַחֵיל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
החיל (the rampart – a low wall surrounding the Temple courtyard and he buildings within it) – inside from the Temple Mount wall was a wall ten handbreadths high and it is called סורג/one of the approaches of the Temple fortification (see Tractate Middot, Chapter 2, Mishnah 3), and ten cubits inside from this is the rampart/חיל.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:6)

**שֶׁאֵין נָכְרִים וּטְמֵאֵי מֵתִים נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם.** אַף עַל גַּב דְּרַבָּנָן גַּזּוּר עַל הַנָּכְרִים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כְּזָבִים לְכָל דִּבְרֵיהֶם, לְעִנְיַן שִׁלּוּחַ מַחֲנוֹת לֹא גַזּוּר עֲלַיְהוּ אֶלָּא כִּטְמֵאֵי מֵתִים. וְהַאי דִּטְמֵאֵי מֵתִים אֵין נִכְנָסִים מִן הַחֵיל וְלִפְנִים, הַיְנוּ מִדְּרַבָּנָן. דְּמִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא אֲפִלּוּ בְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים שָׁרֵי, שֶׁכָּל זֶה מַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה עַד עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁם שַׁעַר נִיקָנוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאין נכרים וטמאי מתים נכנסים לשם – even though that the Rabbis decreed regarding the heathens that they will be like people with gonorrhea/flux for all their things, for the matter of exile from the camps, they did not decree anything upon them other than that they are like those who have been defiled through contact with a corpse. And this – that those who have been defiled through contact with a corpse they do not enter from the rampart/חיל and [further] inside, that is from the Rabbis. But according to the Torah-law, even in the Women’s Courtyard/עזרת נשים (which was the largest in the Temple, demarcated from the Israelite’s courtyard by the Gate of Nicanor – which was square: 135 cubits by 135 cubits. Men and women stood there and its sanctity was greater than that of the rampart and the Temple Mount). For all this was the Levite’s Camp until the Israelite courtyard where the Gate of Nicanor was.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:7)

**עֶזְרַת נָשִׁים.** לִפְנִים מִן הַחֵיל הָיְתָה, אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עזרת נשים – inside from the rampart/חיל it was 135 cubits by 135 cubits.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:8)

**שֶׁאֵין טְבוּל יוֹם נִכְנָס לְשָׁם.** יְהוֹשָׁפָט וּבֵית דִּינוֹ גָּזְרוּ עַל טְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס לְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים, דִּכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב כ) וַיַּעֲמֹד יְהוֹשָׁפָט בִּקְהַל יְהוּדָה וְגוֹ'‏ לִפְנֵי הֶחָצֵר הַחֲדָשָׁה, וְאָמְרוּ בַגְּמָרָא מַאי הֶחָצֵר הַחֲדָשָׁה, שֶׁחִדְּשׁוּ בָהּ דְּבָרִים וְאָמְרוּ טְבוּל יוֹם אַל יִכָּנֵס בְּמַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה. וְלֹא בְכָל מַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה גָּזְרוּ, אֶלָּא בְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים בִּלְבַד. וְגָזְרוּ עַל טְבוּל יוֹם וְלֹא גָזְרוּ עַל מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, לְפִי שֶׁטְּבוּל יוֹם אָסוּר בַּתְּרוּמָה וּמְחֻסָּר כִּפּוּרִים מֻתָּר בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְכָל שֶׁטֻּמְאָתוֹ חֲמוּרָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ חָמוּר שִׁלּוּחוֹ מִשִּׁלּוּחַ חֲבֵרוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאין טבול יום נכנס לשם – Jehoshaphat and his legal court decreed (see Tractate Yevamot 7a and Tractate Pesahim 92a) on the one who immersed that day/טבול יום (but a Kohen who had just immersed following a period of impurity cannot partake of heave-offering/Terumah until after nightfall; see Tractate Berakhot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1) that he/she should not enter into the Women’s Courtyard. As it is written (II Chronicles 20:5): “Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem in the House of the LORD at the front of the new court.” And they stated in the Gemara (see above): “What is the new court?” That they renewed things in it and stated, that a person who has just immersed following a period of impurity/טבול יום cannot enter into the Levite camp, but not in all of the Levite camp, but rather only [not] in the Women’s Court alone. And they decreed on the person who has just immersed following a period of impurity but did not make a decree on someone lacking atonement/מחוסר כפורים, because a person who has just immersed following a period of impurity is prohibited to [partake of] heave-offering/Terumah, but someone lacking atonement (i.e., a sacrifice) is permitted to [partake of] heave-offering/Terumah (if that individual is a Kohen or married to one). And all whose defilement is more serious than that of his fellow, his banishment/exile is more severe than that of his fellow.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:9)

**עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל.** לִפְנִים מֵעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים הָיְתָה, אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה. וְכֵן עֶזְרַת כֹּהֲנִים הָיְתָה אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה שְׁלֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה, וְרָאשֵׁי פִסְפְּסִין הָיוּ מַבְדִּילִים בֵּין עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עזרת ישראל – it was inside from the Women’s Courtyard, its length was one-hundred and thirty-five by a width of eleven [cubits]. And similarly, the Courtyard of the Priests had a length of one-hundred and thirty-five by a width of eleven [cubits], and the cut and polished stone block/mosaic would divide between the Israelite courtyard and the Courtyard of the Priests.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:10)

**שֶׁאֵין מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים נִכְנָס לְשָׁם.** הוּא הַדִּין דַּהֲוֵי מָצֵי לְמִתְנֵי שֶׁאֵין טָהוֹר נִכְנָס לְשָׁם עַד שֶׁיִּטְבֹּל, דְּהָכִי תְנַן בְּפֶרֶק אָמַר לָהֶן הַמְמֻנֶּה, אֵין אָדָם טָהוֹר נִכְנָס לָעֲזָרָה עַד שֶׁיִּטְבֹּל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שאין מחוסר כפורים נכנס לשם – and the same law applies that it (i.e., the Mishnah) is able to teach that a ritually pure person is not able to enter there until he immerses [in a Mikveh], for this is taught [in the Mishnah] in the chapter "אמר להם הממונה"/The supervisor said to them [Tractate Yoma, Chapter 3, Mishnah 3]: “No pure person enters the Temple courtyard until he immerses [in a Mikveh” [Talmud Yoma 30a].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:11)

**וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת.** הַטְּמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ שָׁם בִּשְׁגָגָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וחייבים עליה חטאת – the impure who entered there inadvertently.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:12)

**לִסְמִיכָה.** לִסְמֹךְ יָדוֹ עַל רֹאשׁ קָרְבָּנוֹ. וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר אֶלָּא בַבְּעָלִים, דִּכְתִיב וְסָמַךְ אֶת יָדוֹ, וְלֹא יַד שְׁלוּחוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
לסמיכה – to press his hand on the head of his sacrifice (to indicate ownership) and that is impossible other than its owners, as it is written (Leviticus 3:8): “and lay his hand [upon the head of his offering], and not the hand of his agent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:13)

**לִשְׁחִיטָה.** שֶׁהַשְּׁחִיטָה כְשֵׁרָה בְזָר. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר בְּכֹהֲנִים, וְאֶפְשָׁר נַמִּי לְזָר לִשְׁחֹט בְּעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי לֹא אָסְרוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִכָּנֵס בְּעֶזְרַת כֹּהֲנִים לִשְׁחֹט הַקָּרְבָּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
לשחיטה – that slaughter can be done by a foreigner (i.e., non-Kohen), and even though that it is possible for Kohanim [to perform the slaughter], it is also possible for a “foreigner” to slaughter in the Israelite courtyard, nevertheless they did not prohibit an Israelite to enter into the Priest’s Courtyard to slaughter the sacrifice.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:8:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:8:14)

**וְלִתְנוּפָה.** דְּכֹהֵן מֵנִיחַ יָדוֹ תַחַת יַד הַבְּעָלִים וּמֵנִיף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ולתנופה – that the Kohen places his hand under the hand of the owners and waves it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:9:1)

**בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה שֶׁאֵין פְּרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ וּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם.** בַּגְּמָרָא בְהַקֹּמֶץ רַבָּה [מְנָחוֹת דַּף כז] מוֹכִיחַ דְּכָל הָנֵי מַעֲלוֹת דְּתָנֵי הַשְׁתָּא כְגוֹן הַנִּכְנָס לְעֶזְרַת כֹּהֲנִים שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ וְכֵן בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ, כֻּלְּהוּ מַעֲלוֹת דְּרַבָּנָן הֵן. וְכָךְ קִבַּלְתִּיהָ מֵרַבּוֹתַי. אֲבָל רַמְבַּ"ם סְבִירָא לֵיהּ דְּכֻלְּהוּ מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא. בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא כא) כִּי כָל אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ מוּם לֹא יִקְרָב. וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ, דְּאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּשְׁכָּן (שם י) רָאשֵׁיכֶם אַל תִּפְרָעוּ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלְּשׁוֹן הַתּוֹסֶפְתָּא מְסַיֵּעַ לְדִבְרֵי הָרַמְבַּ"ם, קַבָּלַת רַבּוֹתַי נִרְאֵית לִי עִקָּר. וְהַאי דְלָא חֲשִׁיב תַּנָּא קַמָּא שְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם בַּהֲדֵי בַעֲלֵי מוּמִים וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ כְּדַחֲשִׁיב לְהוּ רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַסֵּיפָא, מִשּׁוּם דְּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ פְּסוּלָן בְּגוּפָן, הִלְכָּךְ שִׁלּוּחָן חָמוּר, אֲבָל שְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם פְּסוּלָן מֵחֲמַת דָּבָר אַחֵר, הִלְכָּךְ לֹא הֶחְמִיר בְּשִׁלּוּחָן כָּל כָּךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בין אולם ולמזבח מקודש ממנו שאין פרועי ראש ובעלי מומין נכנסים לשם – In the Gemara (Tractate Menahot, Chapter 3, 27b proves that all of these gradations that are taught here, as for example, a person who enters the Priest’s Courtyard without need and similarly, those [Kohanim] with physical defects/בעלי מומין and those [Kohanim] with overgrown hair/פרועי ראש that entered between the entrance hall/אולם and the altar. All of them are the gradations of the Rabbis. And such is what I received from my Rabbis/teaches. But Maimonides holds that all of them are from the Torah, those [Kohanim]with physical defects/deformities, as it is written (Leviticus 21:21): “No man among the offspring of Aaron the priest who has a defect [he shall not be qualified to offer the food of his God],” (but the way that the Bartenura commentary quotes this verse: "כי כל איש אשר בו מום לא יקרב" – the last two words – “that he shall not offer it” are NOT found in this verse – though the words, "לא יקרב" are found in verse 16). And [priests] with overgrown hair, as the All-Merciful states to Aaron and his sons who were in the Tabernacle (Leviticus 10:8): “[And Moses said to Aaron and to his sons Eleazar and Ithamar:] ‘Do not bare your heads/dishevel your hair’ [and do not rend your clothes, lest you die and anger strike the whole community].” But even though the language of the Tosefta (Tractate Kelim Bava Kamma, Chapter 1, Halakha 11) supports the words of Maimonides, the tradition of my Rabbis appears to me to be essential, and that the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] does not consider those [Kohanim] who are intoxicated with wine and who had not washed their hands and feet together with those with physical defects and those [Kohanim] whose hair is overgrown as Rabbi Yossi considers them in the concluding clause [of the Mishnah] because those [Kohanim] with physical defects and overgrown hair, their invalidation is in their bodies, therefore, their exile is severe, but those [Kohanim] who are intoxicated with wine and those who have not washed their hands and their feet , their invalidation is on account of another matter, therefore, he was not strict regarding their exile so much.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:9:2)

**אֶלָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים.** דִּכְתִיב (שם טז) וְאַל יָבֹא בְכָל עֵת אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּזֹאת יָבֹא וְכוּ':

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אלא כהן גדול ביום הכפורים – as it is written (Leviticus 16:2-3): “[Tell your brother Aaron] that he is ot to come at will into the Shrine behind the curtain [in front of the cover that is upon the ark, lest he die; for I appear in the cloud over the cover.] Thus only shall Aaron enter the Shrine.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:9:3)

**בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה.** אַרְבַּע פְּעָמִים נִכְנָס שָׁם, אַחַת לְהַקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת, שְׁנִיָּה לְהַזּוֹת מִדַּם הַפָּר, שְׁלִישִׁית לְהַזּוֹת מִדַּם הַשָּׂעִיר, רְבִיעִית לְהוֹצִיא הַכַּף וְהַמַּחְתָּה. וְאִם נִכְנַס חָמֵשׁ פְּעָמִים חַיָּב מִיתָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בשעת עבודה – for times, he (i.e., the High Priest) enters there, 1): to offer up incense; 2) to sprinkle from the blood of the bullock; 3) to sprinkle from the blood of the goat; 4) to remove the spoon and the coal-pan, but if he enters into it five times, he is liable for death (see Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma, Chapter 1, Halakha 7).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim 1:9:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Kelim/r/1:9:4)

**וּפוֹרְשִׁין מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ בִּשְׁעַת הַקְטָרָה.** בֵּין בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּקְטִירִים קְטֹרֶת בְּמִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל, בֵּין בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מַקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים, כָּל הָעָם פּוֹרְשִׁים מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִן הַהֵיכָל. וְתַנָּא קַמָּא פָלֵיג אַדְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְסָבַר דִּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּקְטִירִין קְטֹרֶת בַּהֵיכָל הוּא דְּפָרְשֵׁי מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אֲבָל כְּשֶׁמַּקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים אֵין הָעָם פּוֹרְשִׁים אֶלָּא מִן הַהֵיכָל בִּלְבַד וְלֹא מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ. וַהֲלָכָה כְּתַנָּא קַמָּא. וְעֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת דִּתְנַן בְּמַתְנִיתִין וְהָנָךְ אַחַד עָשָׂר נִינְהוּ, פֵּרְשׁוּ הַגְּאוֹנִים דְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינָהּ מִמִּנְיַן הַקְּדֻשּׁוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁבִּשְׁאָר קְדֻשּׁוֹת יֵשׁ בָּהֶן כָּבוֹד לַמָּקוֹם שֶׁמּוֹנְעִים מִמֶּנּוּ קְצָת טֻמְאוֹת אוֹ שֶׁמּוֹנְעִים מִקְצָת בְּנֵי אָדָם לִכָּנֵס אֵלָיו, וְאֵין בִּסְתָם אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל קְדֻשָּׁה זוֹ. וַהֲבָאַת בִּכּוּרִים וְעֹמֶר וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם וְלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים אֵינָם כִּקְדֻשּׁוֹת הַלָּלוּ. וְאִית דִּמְפָרְשֵׁי דְתַנָּא קַמָּא דַּחֲשִׁיב עֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הִיא, דְּאִית לֵיהּ דְּבֵין הָאוּלָם וּלְמִזְבֵּחַ שָׁוֶה לַהֵיכָל בַּחֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים, וּלְדִידֵיהּ לֹא הָווּ אֶלָּא עֶשֶׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ופורשים בין האולם ולמזבח בשעת הקטרה (and they keep distant [from the area] between the porch and the altar at the time of [offering up] the incense – whether at the time that they offer up the incense on the Golden Altar that is in the Sanctuary, or at the time that the High Priest offers up incense In the innermost part of the Temple precincts (i.e., the Holy of Holies) , all of the people keep distant from between the porch and the altar and one does not need to mention, from the Sanctuary. But the first Tanna/teacher disputes on that of Rabbi Yossi and holds that at the time that they offer up incense in the Sanctuary is only when they keep distant and not been the porch and the Altar. And the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher. And the ten Holy [locations] that are taught in our Mishnah, these are [actually] eleven, the Gaonim that the Land of Israel is not from the number of Holy Places, because in the remainder of the Holy Places, there is within them honor to the place that prevents from them some of the defilements or prevents from some of the people from entering to it. And this holiness is not found merely within the Land of Israel. But the bringing of First Fruits, and the Omer and the two loaves and the shewbread are not like these Holy Things. But there are those who explain that the first Tanna/teacher that considers ten Holy Things is Rabbi Yossi, and he holds that between the porch and the Altar is equivalent to the Sanctuary in five matters, and for him, they are there weren’t any other than ten.