## Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:1:1)

**בְּתוּלָה נִשֵּׂאת לַיּוֹם רְבִיעִי.** וְלֹא בְלֵיל חֲמִישִׁי, דְּאִיכָּא לְמֵיחַשׁ שֶׁמָּא יִהְיֶה טָרוּד בַּנִּשּׂוּאִים וְלֹא מָצֵי בָּעֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בתולה נשאת ליום רביעי – but not on Thursday night, for one would suspect that he would be excited/troubled with the marriage [ceremony] and he would not be able to engage in intercourse.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:1:2)

**שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁיֹּאמַר בָּעַלְתִּי וְלֹא מָצָאתִי דָם, לֹא שְׁנָא אִם הִיא קְטַנָּה אוֹ נַעֲרָה אוֹ בּוֹגֶרֶת. אוֹ פֶּתַח פָּתוּחַ מָצָאתִי, אִם הִיא קְטַנָּה אוֹ נַעֲרָה, אֲבָל בּוֹגֶרֶת אֵין לָהּ טַעֲנַת פֶּתַח פָּתוּחַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמא יש לו טענת בתולים – such that he [i.e., the husband] would say, I engaged in sexual intercourse but I did not find blood; it made no difference whether she was a minor or a young maiden or an adult, or whether I found an absence of virginity [in her]. If she was a minor or a young maiden , but if she was an adult, there can be no claim of the absence of virginity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:1:3)

**יַשְׁכִּים וְיָבֹא לְבֵית דִּין.** בְּעוֹד כַּעֲסוֹ עָלָיו, שֶׁמָּא יִתְפַּיֵּס וְתִתְקָרֵר דַּעְתּוֹ וִיקַיְּמֶנָּה, וְשֶׁמָּא זִנְּתָה תַּחְתָּיו וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו. וּבַגְּמָרָא פָּרֵיךְ וְתִנָּשֵׂא בְּאֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת וְאִם יֶשׁ לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים יַשְׁכִּים בְּיוֹם שֵׁנִי לְבֵית דִּין. וּמְשָׁנֵי, שָׁקְדוּ חֲכָמִים עַל תַּקָּנַת בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיְּהֵא טוֹרֵחַ בַּסְּעֻדָּה שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, אֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת וְשֵׁנִי בְשַׁבָּת וּשְׁלִישִׁי בְשַׁבָּת, וּבִרְבִיעִי כּוֹנְסָהּ. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בָּתֵּי דִינִין יוֹשְׁבִים בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי, אִשָּׁה נִשֵּׂאת בְּכָל יוֹם, וְהוּא שֶׁטָּרַח בַּסְּעֻדָּה שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. וּמִפְּנֵי תַּקָּנַת עֲנִיִּים נוֹהֲגִים בִּקְצָת מְקוֹמוֹת לִשָּׂא בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. וְטַעֲמָא דְּאַלְמָנָה לְיוֹם חֲמִישִׁי, שָׁקְדוּ חֲכָמִים עַל תַּקָּנַת בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׂמֵחַ עִמָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, חֲמִישִׁי בְשַׁבָּת וְשִׁשִּׁי בְשַׁבָּת וְשַׁבָּת. וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה אָסוּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַבְּתוּלָה כָּל שִׁבְעָה. וּלְעִנְיַן בִּרְכַּת חֲתָנִים, בֵּין בָּחוּר שֶׁנָּשָׂא אַלְמָנָה בֵּין אַלְמָן שֶׁנָּשָׂא בְּתוּלָה מְבָרְכִים בִּרְכַּת חֲתָנִים כָּל שִׁבְעָה, וְאַלְמָן שֶׁנָּשָׂא אַלְמָנָה, יוֹם אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ישכים ויבא לב"ד – all the while his anger is upon him, lest he become appeased and be pacified and sustain her and lest she invite unfaithfulness against him and she became forbidden to him. , and the Gemara raises the question , if she should get married on Sunday and if he has a claim [against her] concerning her virginity , he should get up early on Monday morning to go to the Jewish court. And they responded that the Sages were considerate towards the daughters of Israel (in ordaining weddings to be held on the fourth day of the week) that he should be engaged in preparations for the [wedding] meal for three days, Sunday Monday and Tuesday and on Wednesday, he would consummate the marriage. And at a time when the Jewish courts would not be in session on Mondays and Thursdays, a woman may be married on any day, but that he should be engaged in the preparations for the [wedding] meal for three days. And because of the ordinance for the poor, we have the practice in some places to marry on Fridays. And the reason that a widow [would marry] on Thursdays, is because the Sages were considerate towards the daughters of Israel that he should be happy with her for three days: Thurday, Friday and Shabbat. And a person who marries a widow it is prohibited to engage in work for three days, but one who marries a virgin [is prohibited to engage in work] all seven days. And regarding the wedding blessings [in the Birkat HaMazon/the blessing following the meal], it makes no difference whether a young man married a widow or whether a widower married a virgin, we recite the wedding blessings all seven days. But a widower who married a widow, [recites them] one day.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:2:1)

**בְּתוּלָה אַלְמָנָה גְּרוּשָׁה.** כְּלוֹמַר, בְּתוּלָה שֶׁהִיא אַלְמָנָה אוֹ גְרוּשָׁה אוֹ חֲלוּצָה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, וְחָזְרָה וְנִשֵּׂאת, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מִן הַשֵּׁנִי מָאתַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בתולה אלמה גרושה – that is to say, a virgin who is a widow or divorcee or a woman who was released from leviratical marriage [by a halitzah] by the brother of now-deceased betrothed, and she went back and married [another], her Ketubah/marriage contract from the second husband is two hundred [zuz].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:2:2)

**וְיֵשׁ לָהּ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים.** אִם לֹא מָצָא לָהּ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּתוּלִים, אִבְּדָה כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, דְּמֶקַּח טָעוּת הוּא שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּחֶזְקַת בְּתוּלָה נְשָׂאָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויש לה טענת בתולים – if the second [husband] did not find her to be a virgin, she has lost her Ketubah, for it is a mistaken purchase as there was a presumption of her being a virgin when she married.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:3:1)

**שֶׁבָּא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה.** פְּחוּתָה מִבַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, שֶׁאֵין בִּיאָתָהּ בִּיאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שבא על הקטנה – [a minor girl who is] less than three years and one day [old], for her coition is not coition.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:3:2)

**וְקָטָן.** פָּחוֹת מִבֶּן תֵּשַׁע, שֶׁאֵין בִּיאָתוֹ בִּיאָה, וּבָא עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וקטן – [a minor boy who is] less than nine [years of age] as his coition is not coition if he engages in sexual relations with an adult women.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:3:3)

**וּמֻכַּת עֵץ.** שֶׁנִּתְקַע לָהּ עֵץ בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומוכת עץ – if [piece of wood] had been inserted in her at that same place


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:3:4)

**כְּתֻבָּתָן מָאתַיִם.** אִם נִשְּׂאוּ סְתָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כתובתן מאתים – it they simply married in an undefined manner


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:3:5)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים מֻכַּת עֵץ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה.** וְהִלְכָתָא כְּוָתַיְהוּ. וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִכִּיר בָּהּ, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה, וְלֹא הֲוֵי מֶקַּח טָעוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים: מוכת עץ כתובתה מנה – And the Halakha is according to the Sages, and even if he did not know her, her Ketubah is a Maneh, and it is not considered an errant purchase.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:4:1)

**בְּתוּלָה שֶׁהִיא אַלְמָנָה אוֹ גְרוּשָׁה אוֹ חֲלוּצָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִים.** אִם חָזְרָה וְנִשֵּׂאת סְתָם, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה, דִּבְחֶזְקַת בְּעוּלָה קָיְמָא מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בתולה שהיא אלמנה או גרושה או חלוצה מן הנשואים – if she went back and got married in an undefined manner, her Ketubah is a Maneh, for she is under the presumption [of being] no longer a virgin, we confirm , when she enters the marriage canopy.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:5:1)

**הָאוֹכֵל אֵצֶל חָמִיו בִּיהוּדָה.** כְּשֶׁהָיוּ עוֹשִׂין סְעֻדַּת אֵרוּסִין בְּבֵית אֲבִי הַכַּלָּה בִּיהוּדָה, הָיוּ נוֹהֲגִים שֶׁהָאָרוּס מִתְיַחֵד עִם אֲרוּסָתוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא לִבּוֹ גַּס בָּהּ, לְפִיכָךְ כְּשֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת אַחַר כָּךְ אֵין לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האוכל אצל חמיו ביהודה – When they were making the festive meal [celebrating her] betrothal in the house of the bride’s father in Judea, it was the practice that the betrothing [male] would be alone with his betrothed [female] in order that he may become bold towards her (i.e., become intimate). Therefore, when she gets married after that, there is no claim of [her not being] a virgin.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:6:1)

**וְנִסְתַּחֲפָה שָׂדֶךָ.** מָטָר סוֹחֵף בָּא עַל שָׂדְךָ וְהִפְסִידָהּ, כְּלוֹמַר מַזָּלְךָ גָּרַם וְתֶן לִי כְּתֻבָּתִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונסתחפה שדך – an inundating rain has come upon your field ( which is a euphemism) and ruined it, that is to say, your luck has caused this- and you [must] give me my Ketubah-value.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:6:2)

**וְהָיָה מִקָּחִי מֶקַּח טָעוּת.** וְאֵין לָךְ כְּתֻבָּה מִמֶּנִּי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והיה מקחי מקח טעות – and you don’t have a Ketubah [settlement] from me.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:6:3)

**נֶאֱמֶנֶת.** וּמַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ שְׁבוּעַת הֶסֵּת שֶׁכֵּן הוּא כִדְבָרֶיהָ, וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְכֵן הֲלָכָה. וְאִי אָמְרָה בְּתוּלָה מְצָאָנִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, דְּהֵימְנוּהוּ רַבָּנָן לַבַּעַל וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא שְׁבוּעָה, דַּחֲזָקָה אֵין אָדָם טוֹרֵחַ בִּסְעֻדָּה וּמַפְסִידָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נאמנת – and we make her take an equitable oath (i.e., one who is sued for a debt denies the latter entirely) that such is according to her words and she takes her Ketubah-value. And such is the Halakha. And if she said: “You found me to be a virgin,” she is not believed, but the Rabbis found the husband to be trustworthy and even without an oath, for it is presumption that a husband will not busy himself with the [wedding] meal and cause her a loss.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:7:1)

**דְּרוּסַת אִישׁ.** בְּעוּלַת אִישׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דרוסת איש – she had sexual relations with a man.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:7:2)

**נֶאֱמֶנֶת.** וְלֹא הִפְסִידָה כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אִי אֵשֶׁת כֹּהֵן הִיא וּלְאַחַר זְמַן הָאֵרוּסִין כְּשֶׁנִּשְּׂאָה טָעַן דְּרוּסַת אִישׁ אַתְּ, מַפְּקִינַן לָהּ מִנֵּיהּ, דְּשֶׁמָּא לְאַחַר שֶׁאֵרַס אוֹתָהּ נִבְעֲלָה, וּמִכִּי אָמַר דְּרוּסַת אִישׁ אַתְּ שַׁוְיַהּ אַנַּפְשֵׁיהּ חֲתִיכָה דְאִסּוּרָא. וַאֲפִלּוּ נִבְעֲלָה בְּאֹנֶס, הָא קַיְמָא לָן אֵשֶׁת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנֶּאֶנְסָה אֲסוּרָה לְבַעֲלָהּ. וּמְגָרֵשׁ לָהּ וְיָהֵיב לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נאמנת – and she does not lose her Ketubah-payment. But nevertheless, if she was the wife of a Kohen and following the time of her betrothal, when she married, he claimed that “you had engaged in sexual relations with a man” we remove her from him, lest after he had betrothed her, she had had sexual relations with [another] man, since he said to her, “you had sexual relations with a man,” she is considered to him as a piece [of meat] that is forbidden, and even if by uncontrollable accident had engaged in sexual relations, we establish for ourselves that if she is the wife of a Kohen who had by uncontrollable accident [had sexual relations with another man], she is forbidden to her husband, and he must divorce her and provide her Ketubah-settlement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:8:1)

**מְדַבֶּרֶת.** מִתְיַחֶדֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מדברת – engaging in sexual relations with


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:8:2)

**וְכֹהֵן הוּא.** מְיֻחָס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכהן הוא – of traceable genealogy, distinguished birth/well-connected


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:8:3)

**נֶאֱמֶנֶת.** כְּשֵׁרָה לַכְּהֻנָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נאמנת – and she is fit to marry into the priesthood.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:9:1)

**מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר זֶה וְכוּ'.** רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר נֶאֱמֶנֶת, וּכְשֵׁרִים לַכְּהֻנָּה הִיא וּבִתָּהּ. אֲבָל לְעִנְיַן יְרוּשָׁה לֹא אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁזֶּה הָעֻבָּר יִירָשֶׁנּוּ. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּכָל הָנֵי בָּבֵי דְמַתְנִיתִין. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָכִי לְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא לַכְּהֻנָּה לֹא הַמְדַבֶּרֶת עִם אֶחָד וְלֹא הַמְעֻבֶּרֶת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיוּ רֹב אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר מְיֻחָסִים וְנִבְעֲלָה זֹאת הָאִשָּׁה מֵאֶחָד מֵהֶם שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ חוּץ לָעִיר וּבָעַל, דְּאָמְרִינַן כָּל דְּפָרֵישׁ מֵרֻבָּא פָּרֵישׁ, וְאָז תִּנָּשֵׂא לְכַתְּחִלָּה לַכְּהֻנָּה בֵּין הִיא בֵּין בִּתָּהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מה טיבו של עובר זה וכו' – Rabban Gamaliel states that she is to be believed and she and are daughter are fit to [be married into] the priesthood. But [concerning] the matter of inheritance, Rabban Gamaliel did not state that this fetus should inherit him, and the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel in all the sections of our Mishnah. And even so, ab initio, she should not marry into the priesthood – neither one who speaks (i.e., one who has had sexual relationships) with one person and not the pregnant, other than if most of the people of the city are of traceable genealogy and this particular woman was impregnated from one of them who had separated himself outside of the city and had sexual relations [with her], for we say: “whatever comes out of a mixed multitude is presumed to have come from the majority “(i.e., has the legal status of the majority -see Talmud Ketubot 15a and Zevahim 73a), and so, she may marry into the priesthood whether she or her daughter.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:10:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot 1:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Ketubot/r/1:10:1)

**אִם רֹב הָעִיר מַשִּׂיאִין לַכְּהֻנָּה.** אַף עַל גַּב דְּרֻבָּא חַד סַגִּי בְּעַלְמָא, מַעֲלָה עָשׂוּ בְּיוֹחֲסִין, וְהָכָא אַצְרְכוּהָ רַבָּנָן תְּרֵי רֻבֵּי, רֹב סִיעָה הָעוֹבֶרֶת שָׁם וְרֹב הָעִיר. וְאֵין מַשִּׂיאִין לְכַתְּחִלָּה לַכְּהֻנָּה אֶלָּא בִּתְרֵי רֻבֵּי, וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם רוב העיר משיאין לכהונה – Even though that a majority of one in a general way is sufficient, regarding priestly descent is concerned, they put up a higher standard (i.e., made the law more stringent – Talmud Ketubot 13a). And here, the rabbis required a double majority: most of the party [of priests] that pass through the place and most of the people of the city. But, ab initio, we do not marry into the priesthood other than with the double majority – and such is the Halakha.