## Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah Chapter 8

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:1)

**הָרוֹאָה כֶתֶם.** כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה. בֵּית הָעֶרְוָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרואה כתם. כנגד בית התורפה (A woman who sees a bloodstain, corresponding to her pudenda) – place of nakedness/lewdness..


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:2)

**טְמֵאָה.** דְּאִיכָּא לְמֵימַר, דָּם מֵאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם נָפַל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
טמאה - for one cans ay that the blood from that place fell.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:3)

**עַל עֲקֵבָהּ.** זִמְנִין דְּמִתְרְמֵי וְנָגַע בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
על עקבה – that at times that by chance and it touched that place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:4)

**וְעַל רֹאשׁ גּוּדָלָהּ.** דְּבַהֲדֵי דְּפָסְעָה מִתְרְמֵי גּוּדָל שֶׁבְּרַגְלָהּ לִהְיוֹת תַּחַת אוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם וְדָם נוֹטֵף עָלָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל ראש גודלה – that while she stepped, it happened to be that the big toe that is on her foot was under that place and blood dripped upon it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:5)

**עַל שׁוֹקָהּ וְעַל פַּרְסוֹתֶיהָ מִבִּפְנִים טְמֵאָה.** כְּשֶׁאָדָם עוֹמֵד וּמְחַבֵּר רַגְלָיו וְשׁוֹקָיו זוֹ בָּזוֹ, כָּל מַה שֶּׁמְּחֻבָּר מֵהֶם זוֹ עִם זוֹ, קָרוּי לִפְנִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
על שוקה ועל פרסותיה מבפנים טמאה (on her thigh or on her foot) – when a person stands and fastens his legs and thighs one to the other, all that is attached one with the other from them is called “on the inside.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:6)

**מִבַּחוּץ.** מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מבחוץ – from here and from there.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:7)

**וְעַל הַצְּדָדִין.** אֲחוֹרֵי הַשּׁוֹק כָּל גָּבְהָן כְּנֶגֶד הֶעָקֵב, וּלְפָנָיו כָּל גָּבְהָן כְּנֶגֶד הָרֶגֶל, קְרוּיִים צְדָדִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל הצדדין – behind the thigh all of their height corresponding to the ankle, and in front of it all its high corresponding to the leg, are called “the sides.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:8)

**מִן הַחֲגוֹר וּלְמַטָּה.** כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה הוּא:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:9)

**אִם מַגִּיעַ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּרֹאשׁ בֵּית יָדָהּ סָמוּךְ לַיָּד, שֶׁפְּעָמִים שֶׁפּוֹשַׁטְתָּן מִזְּרוֹעַ וְנוֹפֵל כְּנֶגֶד מַטָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם מגיע כנגד בית התורפה – as for example, that it (i.e., the bloodstain) is found at the top of the sleeve near the hand, that sometimes she stretches them from the arm and it correspondingly falls corresponding downwards.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:10)

**וְאִם לָאו.** שֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה, כְּגוֹן שֶׁנִּמְצָא סָמוּךְ לַכְּתֵפוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם לאו – that it does not correspond with the pudenda, as for example, that it (i.e., the bloodstain) is found near the shoulders.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:11)

**שֶׁהוּא חוֹזֵר.** פְּעָמִים שֶׁרֹאשׁ הֶחָלוּק נֶהֱפָךְ כְּנֶגֶד פָּנֶיהָ שֶׁל מַטָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שהוא חוזר – sometimes that the top of he garment is reversed opposite her face below.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:1:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:1:12)

**וְכֵן בַּפּוֹלְיוֹן.** מִטְפַּחַת שֶׁהִיא מִתְכַּסָּה בּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן בפוליון (and similarly a pallium/a sheet worn as a cloak and used for a bed-cover) -towel/apron that she covers herself with.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:1)

**וְתוֹלָה.** הַכֶּתֶם שֶׁמָּצְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ותולה (she hangs it/blames it) – the bloodstain that she found.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:2)

**בְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהִיא יְכוֹלָה לִתְלוֹת.** לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא מִמֶּנָּה הָיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בכל דבר שהיא יכולה לתלות – to state that it (i.e., the bloodstain) was not from here.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:3)

**מַאֲכֹלֶת.** כִּנָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מאכולת (louse) – vermin.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:4)

**עַד כַּמָּה הִיא תוֹלָה.** בְּדַם מַאֲכֹלֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד כמה הוא תולה – with the blood of a louse/vermin.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:5)

**עַד כַּגְּרִיס.** אֲבָל טְפֵי מֵהָכִי אֵין דַּם מַאֲכֹלֶת כָּל כָּךְ גָּדוֹל. וּבְהָכִי מִיהָא תַּלְיָא וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יָדְעָה שֶׁהָרְגָה. וְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא פָּלֵיג אַתַּנָּא קַמָּא דְּאָמַר הָרְגָה אִין, לֹא הָרְגָה לֹא. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד כגריס (the size of a bean/split bean) – but more than this, the blood of a louse is not that great. And in this, however, she blames, and even though she didn’t know that she killed it. But Rabbi Hanina [ben Antigonos] disputes the first Tanna/teacher who stated, that yes (i.e., she may place the blame upon it), if she killed it, but not, if she didn’t. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Hanina ben Antigonos.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:6)

**וְתוֹלָה בִבְנָהּ וּבְבַעְלָהּ.** הַשּׁוֹכְבִים אֶצְלָהּ אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן מַכָּה, לוֹמַר שֶׁכֶּתֶם זֶה מֵהֶן הָיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ותולה בבנה ובבעלה – that lie next to her, if they have a wound, to state that this bloodstain was from them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:7)

**וְאִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ מַכָּה.** שֶׁהֶעֶלְתָה קְרוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם יש בה מכה – that the skin/membrane lifted off [the wound].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:2:8)

**וְהִיא יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְגַּלַּע.** לְהִגָּלוֹת. מִלְּשׁוֹן לִפְנֵי הִתְגַּלַּע הָרִיב (משלי יז). כְּלוֹמַר, שֶׁיָּסִיר הַקְּרוּם וִיקַלֵּף וְתִתְגַּלֶּה הַמַּכָּה וְיֵצֵא מִמֶּנָּה דָּם, תּוֹלָה בָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והיא יכולה להתגלע (and she is able to scratch it open) – to be revealed. From the language (Proverbs 17:14): “Before a dispute flares up/לפני התגלע הריב [drop it]," that is to say, that he should the skin/membrane and peel it and the wound will be revealed and blood comes out from it, she may blame it (i.e., rely upon it).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:3:1)

**דָּם וְלֹא כָתֶם.** וַחֲכָמִים הוּא דְּגַזּוּר עַל הַכְּתָמִים, לְפִיכָךְ הוֹלְכִים בָּהֶם לְהָקֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דם ולא כתם – but it is the Sages who decreed on the bloodstains, therefore, we follow them for a lenient ruling.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:4:1)

**עֵד שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן תַּחַת הַכַּר.** הַבֶּגֶד שֶׁמְּקַנַּחַת בּוֹ אֶת עַצְמָהּ בִּשְׁעַת תַּשְׁמִישׁ, קָרוּי עֵד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד שהוא נתון תחת הכר – the clothing that uses to clean/wipe herself at the time of sexual intercourse is called a “testing or examining rag”/piece of cloth used by women for ascertaining their condition of cleanness or uncleanness


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:4:2)

**דָּם עָגֹל טָהוֹר.** דְּדַם מַאֲכֹלֶת הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דם עגול טהור – for it is the blood of a louse.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:4:3)

**מָשׁוּךְ טָמֵא.** וְאִם טִפָּה מְשׁוּכָה הִיא, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁחֶזְקָתָהּ שֶׁהִיא מִמֶּנָּה, וּבְעֵת שֶׁקִּנְּחָה עַצְמָהּ נִתְלָה זֶה הַדָּם בָּעֵד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משוך טמא – but if it is an elongated drop, it is impure, for the presumption is that it (i.e., the bloodstain) is from it, and at the time that she wiped herself, she blames this blood on the examining rag.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah 8:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Niddah/r/8:4:4)

**דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר רַבִּי צָדוֹק.** וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
דברי ר' אליעזר בר ר' צדוק – and such is the Halakha.