## Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:1:1)

**שְׁנַיִם טְמֵאִים בְּמֵת אֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה.** כֻּלַּהּ מַתְנִיתִין מְפָרֵשׁ לַהּ וְאָזֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שנים טמאים במת אחד טמא טומאת שבעה -the entire Mishnah is explained further on.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:1:2)

**אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה.** דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יט) הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ אָדָם וְטָמֵא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה אַב הַטֻּמְאָה, שֶׁהַמֵּת אֲבִי אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאָה הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אדם הנוגע במת, טמא טומאת שבעה – as it is written (Numbers 19:11): “He who touches the corpse of any human being shall be impure for seven days.” Because he has become a primary source of Levitical uncleanness/ritual impurity, as the corpse is a progenitor of the primary sources of ritual impurity/אבי אבות הטומאה.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:1:3)

**אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב.** דִּכְתִיב (שם) וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ הַנּוֹגַעַת תִּטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה וְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, וְכָל וְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה אֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים גָּזְרוּ עַל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בִּטְמֵא מֵת בְּעוֹדוֹ מְחֻבָּר לַמֵּת שֶׁיִּהְיֶה טָמֵא שִׁבְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אדם הנוגע בו טמא טומאת ערב – as it is written (Numbers 19:22): “[Whatever that impure person touches shall be impure] and the person who touches him shall be impure until evening.” Because he became a secondary source of impurity/ולד הטומאה, has only has ritual impurity until nightfall/טומאת ערב. But the Sages decreed on a person who has contact with a טמא מת/one made unclean through a corpse while he is still connected to the corpse, that he will be ritually impure seven [days] (see Talmud Avodah Zarah 37b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:2:1)

**כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת וֽכוּ'.** בֵּין כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת בֵּין כְּלֵי שֶׁטֶף וּבְגָדִים מִטַּמְּאִין כַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (שם) בַּחֲלַל חֶרֶב אוֹ בְמֵת, חֶרֶב הֲרֵי הוּא כַּמֵּת, וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים. הִלְכָּךְ כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת נַעֲשִׂים אֲבִי אֲבוֹת, וְכֵלִים בְּכֵלִים אַב הַטֻּמְאָה, דִּלְעוֹלָם אֵין הַכֵּלִים שְׁנִיִּים נַעֲשִׂים כָּרִאשׁוֹנִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
כלים הנוגעים במת וכו' – whether metal vessels or vessels or clothing which require only rinsing in order to be restored to Levitical cleanness and clothing, are defiled like the corpse itself, as it is written (Numbers 19:16): “[And in the open, anyone who touches a person] who was killed or died naturally, [or human bone or a grave, shall be impure seven days].” The person who was killed is like a corpse, and this is the law for all the rest of the vessels. Therefore, vessels that come in contact with the corpse become a progenitor of the primary sources of ritual impurity/אבי אבות הטומאה, but vessels [that come in contact] with vessels ae a primary source of ritual impurity for always second-degree of ritual impurity never become like [those vessels] that are first-degree of ritual impurity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:2:2)

**הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים.** נַעֲשִׂים רִאשׁוֹנִים וּמִטַּמְּאִין טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
השלישי בין אדם בין כלים – become first-degree of ritual impurity, and are defiled until nightfall.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:3:1)

**כֵּיצַד אַרְבָּעָה.** כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת, אֲבִי אֲבוֹת כְּמוֹתוֹ. וְאָדָם בַּכֵּלִים, אַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, נַמִּי אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כָּאָדָם עַצְמוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר לא) וְכִבַּסְתֶּם בִּגְדֵיכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּטְהַרְתֶּם, הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁכָּל אָדָם הַטָּמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה מְטַמֵּא הַכֵּלִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
כיצד ארבעה – vessels that come in contact with a corpse are progenitors of the primary sources of ritual impurity like it (i.e., a corpse). But a person [who is defiled] with utensils [which came in contact with a corpse becomes] a primary source of ritual impurity/אב הטומאה. And vessels [that were defiled by a corpse that came in contact with a person, is also a primary source of ritual impurity, like the person himself, as it is written (Numbers 31:24): “On the seventh day you shall wash your clothes and be pure, [and after that you may enter the camp],” hence you learned that every person who is defiled for seven days of defilement defiles vessels for a defilement of seven days.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:3:2)

**הָרְבִיעִי בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים.** נַעֲשִׂים רִאשׁוֹנִים. וְהוּא הַדִּין דִּבְכֵיצַד שְׁלֹשָׁה הֲוָה מָצֵי לְמִתְנֵי אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. אֶלָּא מִסֵּיפָא אַרְבָּעָה טְמֵאִין בְּמֵת שָׁמְעִינַן לַהּ, דַּאֲפִלּוּ אָדָם בְּכֵלִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְּמֵת וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם קָתָנֵי טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אָדָם בַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ וְכֵלִים בְּאָדָם דְּאִיכָּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
הרביעי בין אדם בין כלים -become first-degree of ritual impurity. And the say law applies with “How so- for three?” for one is able to teach that a person who comes in contact with a corpse or vessels with a person are defiled with ritual impurity for seven days; the third, whether a person or vessels are defiled with ritual impurity until nightfall, but from the concluding clause [of the Mishnah] for the fourth who are defiled through contact with a corpse, we understand it, that even a person with utensils that came in contact with a corpse and/or vessels that came in contact with a person is taught that there is a period of defilement for seven days. All the more so, a person with the dead himself, or vessels with a [defiled] person, where there is a defilement of ritual impurity for seven days.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:3:3)

**שַׁפּוּד.** כְּמִין עַמּוּד שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת תָּקוּעַ בְּאֶמְצַע הָאֹהֶל וּבְרֹאשׁוֹ קוֹשְׁרִין הָאֹהֶל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שפוד (a spit) – like a kind of column of metal that is fastened in the tent and upon its end they tie the tent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:3:4)

**אֵין הָאֹהֶל מִתְחַשֵּׁב.** לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הָאֹהֶל מְטַמֵּא הַשַּׁפּוּד, לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ נֶחֱשָׁב בְּמִנְיַן סֵדֶר הַטֻּמְאוֹת, אֶלָּא כָּל הַמֻּנָּח בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת כְּנוֹגֵעַ בַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵין כָּאן אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעָה. אִי נַמִּי, אֲפִלּוּ אֵין הַשַּׁפּוּד בְּתוֹךְ הָאֹהֶל אֶלָּא שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ בָּאֹהֶל מִבַּחוּץ אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי אֵין הָאֹהֶל מִתְחַשֵּׁב בְּמִנְיַן סֵדֶר מִשְׁנָתֵנוּ. וְהָכִי מוּכָח לְקַמָּן בְּפֶרֶק סָגוֹס עָבֶה בְּמִשְׁנַת טַבְלָיוֹת שֶׁל עֵץ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אין האוהל מתחשב (the tent does not come into consideration)- because the tent does not defile the spit, therefore it is not considered in the number of the order of the defilements, but rather, all that is placed in the tent of the corpse is like it is touching the corpse itself, and there are only four here. Alternatively, even if the spit is not within the tent, but rather that it touches the tent from outside, nevertheless, the tent does not come into consideration in the number of the order of our Mishnah. And this proved further on/ahead in the Chapter "סכום עבה"/The Thick Coarse Woolen Blanket (Chapter 15), in the Mishnah "טבליות של עץ"/Tables of Wood (Mishnah 2).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:4:1)

**שֶׁהַכֵּלִים שְׁלֹשָׁה.** כְּגוֹן כֵּלִים שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בְּמֵת וְכֵלִים בַּכֵּלִים וְעוֹד כֵּלִים שְׁלִישִׁים בַּשְּׁנִיִּים, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שהכלים שלשה – as for example vessels that came in contact with a corpse and vessels [that came in contact] with vessels. And further, vessels are third [degree of ritual uncleanness [which came in contact’ with vessels that are second [degree of ritual uncleanness], all are impure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:4:2)

**וְהָאָדָם שְׁנָיִם.** כְּגוֹן אָדָם בְּמֵת וְאָדָם שֵׁנִי בְּזֶה הָאָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא בַּמֵּת. אֲבָל אָדָם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בַּשֵּׁנִי, טָהוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והאדם שנים – as for example, a person [who came in contact] with a corpse and a second person [came in contact] with that person that was defiled [through contact] with a corpse. But a third person who has third [who came in contact] with [a person] with second [degree of uncleanness] is ritually pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:4:3)

**שֶׁהוּא בָאֶמְצַע.** כְּגוֹן כֵּלִים וְאָדָם וְכֵלִים, דְּהָרְבִיעִי בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים מִטַּמֵּא טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, כִּדְשָׁמְעִינַן מִמַּתְנִיתִין דִּלְעֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שהוא באמצע – as for example, vessels and a person and vessels. For the fourth, whether it is a person or vessels defiles until nightfall, as we learned from our Mishnah above (see Mishnah 1).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:5:1)

**מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים.** כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא פֵרַשׁ, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא טו) וְהַנֹּגֵעַ בִּבְשַׂר הַזָּב יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו, אַלְמָא שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ בַּזָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מטמא בגדים – all of this that is not explained [in the Mishnah] as it is written (Leviticus 15:7): “Whoever touches he the body of the one with the discharge shall wash his clothes, [bathe in water, and remain impure until evening],” so we see that he defiles [his] clothing at the time of his contact with the one with the discharge/the person who has gonorrhea.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:5:2)

**וְאֵין בְּגָדִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּזָב מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים.** לְפִי שֶׁהַזָּב אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַבְּגָדִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בּוֹ נַעֲשִׂים רִאשׁוֹן וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁאֵין אָדָם וְכֵלִים מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא מֵאַב הַטֻּמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ואין הבגדים הנוגעים בזב מטמאין בגדים – because the person with the discharge/gonorrhea is a primary source of Levitical uncleanness/אב הטומאה, and the clothes that touch it become first [degree of ritual uncleanness]. But they do not defile other clothing, for a person and vessels do not become susceptible to receiving defilement other than from a primary source of ritual impurity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:5:3)

**שֶׁהַבְּגָדִים הַנּוֹשְׂאִין אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם.** כְּגוֹן מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב שֶׁל זָב מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם, לְפִי שֶׁהֵן נַעֲשִׂים אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כַּזָּב עַצְמוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (שם) וְכָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכָל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה תַּחְתָּיו יִטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והבגדים הנושאין את הזב מטמאין אדם – as for example, lying and sitting of a person with a discharge/gonorrhea which defile a person because they become a primary source of ritual impurity like the person with a discharge/gonorrhea himself As it is written (Leviticus 15:10): “Whoever touches anything that was under him shall be impure until evening.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:5:4)

**וְאֵין אָדָם הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא אָדָם.** וַאֲפִלּוּ בְשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא אוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁפֵרַשׁ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, וְאֵין רִאשׁוֹן מְטַמֵּא אָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ואין אדם הנושא את הזב מטמא את האדם – and even at the time that he carries him prior to his separating. For he is aught other than first degree of ritual impurity and a nothing that is first [degree of ritual impurity] can defile a person.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:1)

**עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ.** דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יט) כָּל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת בְּנֶפֶשׁ הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת. לִמֶּדְךָ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיָּמוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עד שתצא נפשו – as it is written (Numbers 19:13): “Whoever touches a corpse, the body of a person who has died, [and he does not purify himself, defiles the LORD’s Tabernacle; that person shall be cut off from Israel. Since the water of lustration was not dashed on him, he remains impure; his impurity is still upon him],” that Scripture comes to teach that a person does not defile until he dies.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:2)

**מְגֻיָּד.** מְחֻתָּךְ. לְשׁוֹן גֹּדּוּ אִילָנָא (דניאל ד):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מגוייד (he who had his arteries opened, bled to death) – cut piecemeal, the language of (Daniel 4:11): “Hew down the tree.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:3)

**זוֹקֵק לַיִּבּוּם.** כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא גּוֹסֵס יְבִמְתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה לְהִנָּשֵׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
זוקק ליבום – all the while that he is rapidly passing away/lying on his deathbed, his sister-in-law (i.e., widow of his brother who died without issue) is forbidden to get married


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:4)

**וּפוֹטֵר מִן הַיִּבּוּם.** אִם מֵת וְהִנִּיחַ בֵּן גּוֹסֵס, אִשְׁתּוֹ פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ופוטר מן היבום – if he (i.e., the brother-in-law) died, and he left a son who is rapidly passing away. His wife is exempt from Halitzah/the ceremony that frees the widow of a man who died without children from the obligation to marry one of her deceased husband’s brothers and allows her to remarry [through the removal of a special sandal from the foot of one of her deceased husband’s brothers].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:5)

**וּמַאֲכִיל בַּתְּרוּמָה.** אֶת אִמּוֹ, אִם הִיא בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומאכיל תרומה – if the mother of his mother is an Israelite who was married to a Kohen (see also Mishnah Tractate Yevamot, Chapter 9, Mishnah 5).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:6)

**וּפוֹסֵל.** אֶת אִמּוֹ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, אִם בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ופוסל – he invalidates his mother from [partaking of] the heave-offering/priest’s due if she is the daughter of a Kohen married to an Israelite.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:7)

**וְכֵן בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה אֵין מְטַמְּאִין.** טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת, עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשָׁם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וכן בהמה וחיה אין מטמאין- the ritual impurity imparted by an unslaughtered carcass, until their souls depart


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:6:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:6:8)

**כִּזְנַב הַלְּטָאָה.** כְּלוֹמַר לְמָה פִּרְכּוּס זֶה דוֹמֶה, לִזְנַב הַלְּטָאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
כזנב הלטאה (like the tail of a species of lizard) – meaning to say, what is this spasmatic movement (jerking motion) similar to? To the tail of a species of lizard.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:7:1)

**הָאֵבָרִים.** צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בָּהֶם בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת, וּבְכָךְ הוּא נֶחֱשָׁב אֵבָר. וּמַיְרֵי בֵּין בְּאֵבָר שֶׁנִּתְלַשׁ מִן הַחַי בֵּין בְּאֵבָר מִן הַמֵּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
האיברים – there must be upon them flesh and sinews and bones and through this it is considered a limb. And we are speaking of whether the limb was detached from the living or whether a limb from the dead.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:1)

**פִּסַּת הָרֶגֶל.** כַּף הָרֶגֶל הִיא הַפַּרְסָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
פיסת הרגל (the foot to the ankle) – the sole of the foot is the foot.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:2)

**שִׁשָּׁה בְכָל אֶצְבַּע.** לְחָמֵשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, הַיְנוּ שְׁלֹשִׁים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ששה בכל אצבע -for five fingers, which are thirty.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:3)

**קֻרְסָל.** תַּרְגּוּם כְּרָעַיִם, קַרְסוּלִין. מְקוֹם חִבּוּר הָרֶגֶל וְהַשּׁוֹק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
קרסול (ankle) – It is the Aramaic translation of כרעיים/leg, (see Leviticus 11:21): “[But these you may eat among the all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours:] all that have, above their feet, jointed legs [to leap with on the ground,” קרסולי. It is the place of the connection of the foot and the foreleg.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:4)

**קַטְלִית.** לְמַעְלָה בְּרֹאשׁ הַיָּרֵךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
קטלת ([club-shaped], the thigh with the knee-pan)- above the top of the knee.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:5)

**בַּקָּנֶה.** עֶצֶם הַמְחֻבָּר לַיָּד. מִלְּשׁוֹן קְנֵה הַמִּדָּה, שֶׁבּוֹ מוֹדְדִים הָאַמָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בקנה (forearm) – he bone that is connection to the hand. From the language (Ezekiel 40:5): “The rod that the man held [was six cubits long, plus one handbreadth for each cubit],” that with it they measure the cubit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:6)

**מַרְפֵּק.** קוד"ו בְּלַעַ"ז:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מרפק (elbow) – KODO in the foreign language.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:7)

**מֵאָה וְאֶחָד מִזֶּה.** שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁמָּנָה עַד עַכְשָׁיו מִצַּד אֶחָד מֵהַגּוּף הוּא, כְּגוֹן יָד אֶחָד וְרֶגֶל אֶחָד וְדֹפֶן אַחַת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מאה ואחד מזה – that all that he counted until now was from one side from the body, such as for example, one hand and one leg and one rib.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:8)

**מַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל לֵב.** הוּא הֶחָזֶה. שֶׁמִּפְּנֵי תְנוּעַת הֶחָזֶה מְנַשֵּׁב הָרֵאָה עַל הַלֵּב, נִמְצָא הֶחָזֶה פּוֹתֵחַ דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ יִכָּנֵס הָאֲוִיר וְיֵצֵא לַלֵּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מפתח של לב (valve of the heart) -this is the chest. That because of the movement of the chest, the lung causes to blow on the heart, it is found that the chest opens the path that from it the air enters in and goes out to the heart.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:9)

**בִּנְקָבָיו.** הַבֵּיצִים וְגִיד הָאַמָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בנקוביו (the perforations/organs of the extremities) – the testicles and the membrum virile.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:10)

**בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי.** כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה אֲרוּכָה וְיַבְרִיא, אִם הָיָה מְחֻבָּר בְּאָדָם חַי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
בשר כראוי (when there is an appropriate amount of flesh) – in order that it will rise up in length and be healthy (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 5), if it is connected to a living person.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot 1:8:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oholot/r/1:8:11)

**וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל.** לְפִי שֶׁטֻּמְאַת אֹהֶל אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא אוֹ בְאָדָם שָׁלֵם כְּדִכְתִיב (במדבר יט) אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל, אוֹ בְּאֵבָר הַדּוֹמֶה לְאָדָם כְּדִכְתִיב (שם) בְּעֶצֶם אָדָם, מָה אָדָם יֵשׁ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת וּמְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, אַף אֵבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ואין מטמאין באוהל – for defilement from a tent is not other either with a complete person, as it is written (Numbers 19:14): “When a person dies in a tent,” or with a limb that is similar to a person, as it states (Numbers 19:16): “or human bone,” just as a human being that has flesh and sews and bones and defiles in a tent, even a limb that has flesh and sinews and bones defiles in a tent.