## Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:1)

**כֹּל שֶׁהוּא יָד.** הָעֵץ הַמְחֻבָּר אֶל הַפְּרִי, וְאָדָם אוֹחֵז בּוֹ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאוֹכֵל הַפְּרִי, כְּגוֹן עֳקָצֵי תַפּוּחִים עֲנָבִים וַאֲגָסִים, קְרוּיִין יָדוֹת. וְכֵן עֶצֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ בָשָׂר, וְאָדָם אוֹחֵז בָּעֶצֶם כְּדֵי לֶאֱכֹל הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹ, הָוֵי הָעֶצֶם יָד לַבָּשָׂר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
כל שהוא יד (whatever -part of the fruit- serves as a handle -of the stem) – the wood that is attached to the fruit, and a person holds it at the time that he eats the fruit, as, for example, the peduncle/point of the apples, grapes and pears, are called ידות/handles. And similarly, a bone that has at its head/top meat/flesh, and a person holds the bone in order to eat the meat at its head/top, the bone is a handle to the meat/flesh.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:2)

**וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר.** לַאֲפוֹקֵי חֵלֶק הָעֹקֶץ הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּפְּרִי וְדָבוּק לַגַּרְעִין, שֶׁאוֹתוֹ הַחֵלֶק שׁוֹמֵר הוּא לַפְּרִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ולא שומר (and not as a protector – as the shell of a nut) – to exclude the portion of the peduncle/point that touches the fruit and is attached to the globule/the stone or kernel of a stone fruit, that this part is a protector to the fruit (see also Tractate Taharot, Chapter 10, Mishnah 5 – describing the "חותם"/the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:3)

**מִטַּמֵּא.** הַיָּד, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה, אִם נָגְעָה טֻמְאָה בָּאֹכֶל. דַּחֲשִׁיב הַיָּד חִבּוּר לָאֹכֶל וּכְאִלּוּ הוּא גוּף אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מיטמא – the handle is defiled, and even though it is not appropriate for consumption, if the defilement touched the food, the handle is considered as a connector/junction to the the food, and it is as if it is one body.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:4)

**וּמְטַמֵּא.** אִם נָגְעָה טֻמְאָה בַיָּד, נִטְמָא הָאֹכֶל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָגְעָה הַטֻּמְאָה בָּאֹכֶל. וּלְמָדוּהוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִן הַמִּקְרָא, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יא) וְכִי יִפֹּל מִנִּבְלָתָם עַל כָּל זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ וְגוֹ'‏ טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם, לְכָל שֶׁבְּצָרְכֵיכֶם, כְּלוֹמַר כָּל דָּבָר הַצָּרִיךְ לָאֹכֶל מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה כְּמוֹתוֹ וְטָמֵא וּמִטַּמֵּא עִמּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומטמא – if the defilement touched the handle, the food is defiled, even though the defilement did not touch the food. And our Rabbis learned this from the Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 11:37-38): “If such a carcass falls upon seed grain that is to be sewn, [it is pure; but if water is put on the seed and any part of the carcass falls upon it,] it shall be impure for you,” for everything that is in your needs, meaning to say, every thing that requires food is susceptible to receive ritual defilement like it, and it is impure and defiles with it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:5)

**וְלֹא מִצְטָרֵף.** אִם הָיָה הָאֹכֶל פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה, שֶׁאֵין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בְּפָחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה, אֵין יַד הָאֹכֶל מִצְטָרֶפֶת עִמּוֹ לְהַשְׁלִימוֹ לְכַשִּׁעוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ולא מצטרף – if the food was less than the bulk of an egg, for there is no defilement of food with less than an egg’s bulk, for this handle of the food does not combine with it to complete the requisite measurement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:6)

**שׁוֹמֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָד.** כְּגוֹן קְלִפַּת הַפְּרִי שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר אוֹתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִפָּסֵד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שומר אע"פ שאינו יד – as, for example, the shell of a fruit that protects it that it not be suffer loss/become damaged.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:7)

**מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא וּמִצְטָרֵף.** דִּכְתִיב עַל כָּל זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ, וּמַאי אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ, בְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָן לִזְרִיעָה, חִטִּין בִּקְלִפָּתָן, וּשְׂעֹרִים בִּקְלִפָּתָן, דְּהַיְנוּ עִם הַשּׁוֹמֵר שֶׁלָּהֶן. לְמַאי אִצְטְרִיךְ קְרָא, אִי לְמִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא, הַשְׁתָּא יַד הַפְּרִי מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא כִּדְיָלְפִינַן מִלָּכֶם לְכָל שֶׁבְּצָרְכֵיכֶם, שׁוֹמֵר מִבַּעְיָא, הָא לֹא אֲתָא קְרָא אֶלָּא לְמִצְטָרֵף עִמּוֹ, דְּיָד אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף עִמּוֹ, שׁוֹמֵר מִצְטָרֵף עִמּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מיטמא ומטמא ומצטרף – as it is written (Leviticus 11:37): “upon seed grain that is to be sown,” and what is “that is to be sown” – in the manner that people bring them out for sowing, wheat in their shells, and barley in their shells, that is with their protectors. For what purpose is the Biblical verse? If it is defiled and defiles, now the handle of the fruit is defiled and defiles as we derive from [the word]: "לכם"/for you – for all that are your needs, a protector is necessary, but the Biblical verse does not come other than to join with it, for a handle does not combine with it, while a protector combines with it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:8)

**וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא יָד וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר.** כְּמוֹ שֵׂעָר שֶׁבַּפֵּרוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וכל שאינו יד ולא שומר – like the hair that is on the fruit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1:9)

**לֹא מִטַּמֵּא וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא.** וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
לא מיטמא ולא מטמא – and there is no need to say that it doesn’t combine/join.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:1)

**וְהַקַּפְלוֹטוֹת.** כַּרְתִּי. חָצִיר בִּלְשׁוֹן מִקְרָא, בָּעֲרָבִי כורא"ת, וּבְלַעַ"ז פורו"ש:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והקפלוטות (leeks with a head, torret) – leeks, a חציר /leek (Numbers 11:5) in the language of Scripture, KORAHT in Arabic, and the foreign language PORUSH.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:2)

**וְהַפִּטְמָא שֶׁלָּהֶן.** כְּמִין פִּטְמָא שֶׁל רִמּוֹן שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁן, וְהָוֵי שׁוֹמֵר וּמִצְטָרֵף:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והפטמא שלהן (and their protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits – having the appearance of a pestle seated in a mortar – the upper portion of the fruit/top-piece) – like a kind of top-piece of a pomegranate that is at their top. And it is a protector and it combines.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:3)

**וְהָעַמּוּד שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל.** הוּא הַלֵּב שֶׁבַּבָּצָל שֶׁהַזֶּרַע נוֹלָד בְּקָצֵהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והעמוד שהוא מכוון כנגד האוכל (the scape/central stalk as far as it is surrounded by the edible part, the scape within the bulb) – which is the heart that is in the onion, that the seed is born at its end.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:4)

**שָׁרְשֵׁי הַחֲזָרִים.** הַשֹּׁרֶשׁ שֶׁל חֲזֶרֶת, הִיא חַסָּא בִּלְשׁוֹן גְּמָרָא, וְכֵן בָּעֲרָבִי, וּבְלַעַ"ז לטוג"א:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שרשי החזרים – the root of lettuce, which is חסא in the language of the Gemara and also in Arabic, and LETUGA in the foreign language.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:5)

**וְהַנָּפוּס.** מִין צְנוֹן הוּא, אֶלָּא שֶׁעָלָיו דּוֹמִים לַעֲלֵי הַלֶּפֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והנפוס (a kind of radish, resembling the carrot as to foliage, and the radish as to taste, or a turnip) – It is a kind of radish, but its leaves are similar to the leaves of the turnip.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:6)

**וְהַסִּיב שֶׁלּוֹ.** פֵּרֵשׁ הָרַמְבַּ"ם, שֶׁבְּצִדֵּי רֹאשׁ הַצְּנוֹן נוֹלָדִים גִּידִים דַּקִּים כְּמוֹ חוּטִין, וְחוֹתְכִין אוֹתָן הַמּוֹכְרִים בַּיָּד בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמּוֹכְרִין אוֹתָן, וְנִשְׁאָרִים מֵהֶן, וְהֵן נִקְרָאִים סִיב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והסיב שלו (and the fibrous root of the radish) – Maimonides explained that on the side of the top of the radish are born thin sinews like threads, and the sellers sever/cut them by hand at the time that they sell them, and what remains of them are called סיב/fibrous roots of the radish.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:7)

**וְהַמִּנְתָּא.** כָּךְ שְׁמָהּ בְּלַעַ"ז מונט"א, וּבַעֲרָבִי נענ"ע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והמיתנא (and the mint) – such is its name in the foreign tongue MUNTA, and NANA in Arabic.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:8)

**וְהַפֵּיגָם.** רוד"א בְלַעַ"ז, וּבַעֲרָבִי סדא"ב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והפיגום (rue) – RUDA in the foreign tongue, and in Arabicv SARAV.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:9)

**שֶׁעֲקָרָן.** כְּדֵי לְשָׁתְלָן בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שעקרן (which were uprooted)- in order to plant them in another place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:10)

**וְהַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁל שִׁבֹּלֶת.** חוּט הָאֶמְצָעִי, שֶׁהַחִטִּים דְּבוּקִים בּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והשדרה של שבולת (and the spine of an ear of corn) – the middle thread, that the threads are attached to it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:11)

**וְהַלְּבוּשׁ שֶׁלָּהּ.** וְהַקְּרוּם שֶׁעַל גַּרְעִין הַחִטָּה. וְכָל אֵלּוּ שׁוֹמְרִים הֵן לַפְּרִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והלבוש שלה (the husk of the wheat grain) – and the skin/membrane that is upon the seed of the wheat, and all of these are protections for the fruit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:2:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2:12)

**הַסִּיג שֶׁל רְצָפִית.** אָבָק הַנִּדְבָּק עַל רָאשֵׁי הַיְרָקוֹת וְרָצוּף בָּהֶם כְּקוּרֵי עַכָּבִישׁ. וְגַם הוּא חָשׁוּב שׁוֹמֵר לַפְּרִי. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
הסיג של רצפות (the cobweb-like covering of fruits) – dust that is attached on the heads of vegetables and joined closely on them like the spider’s web. ASnd it also is considered a protection to the fruit. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:1)

**מִטַּמְּאִים וּמְטַמְּאִים וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפִים.** לְפִי שֶׁהֵן יָדוֹת בִּלְבָד, וְאֵינָן מְשַׁמְּרִין אֶת הָאֹכֶל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
מיטמאים ומטמאים ולא מצטרפים – because they are handles only, and do not protect the food.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:2)

**וְיַד הַפַּרְכִּיל.** כְּשֶׁהָעֲנָבִים כְּרוּתִים עִם הַזְּמוֹרָה, נִקְרָאִים פַּרְכִּיל. לְשׁוֹן פַּרְכִּילֵי עֲנָבִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ויד הפרכיל (the handle, stem of a vine) – when the grapes are cut with the vine-shoot/rod, they are called פרכיל/handle, stem of a vine. The language of (see Tractate Betzah 30b and Tractate Sukkah 10a) twigs with grapes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:3)

**טֶפַח מִכָּאן וְטֶפַח מִכָּאן.** הַזְּמוֹרָה שֶׁנִּקְצְצָה וְהָאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת תְּלוּיִין בָּהּ, טֶפַח מִן הַזְּמוֹרָה מִיָּמִין לָאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְטֶפַח מִשְּׂמֹאל, חָשׁוּב יָד, טְפֵי לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
טפח מכאן וטפח מכאן – the vine-shoot that is cut and the clusters [of grapes] are suspended/hang on it, a handbreadth from the vine-shoot from the right of the cluster and a handbreadth from the left, is considered a handle, but not more.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:4)

**יַד הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל.** עֹקֶץ הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁתָּלוּי בַּזְּמוֹרָה, הוּא יַד הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
יד האשכול – the peduncle/point of the cluster [of grapes] is suspended/hanging from the vine-shoot/rod, which is the handle of the cluster.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:5)

**כָּל שֶׁהוּא.** אֲפִלּוּ אָרֹךְ הַרְבֵּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
כל שהוא – even if it is very long.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:6)

**זְנַב הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל.** סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל אֶשְׁכּוֹל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
זנב האשכול – the end of the cluster [of grapes]


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:7)

**שֶׁרִקְּנוֹ.** שֶׁהֻשְּׁרוּ מִמֶּנּוּ גַּרְעִינֵי הָעֲנָבִים, אַף הוּא יָד לַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹ, שֶׁאוֹחֲזִים אוֹתוֹ בִּזְנָבוֹ. וְאַף הוּא שִׁעוּרוֹ בְכָל שֶׁהוּא, וַאֲפִלּוּ אָרֹךְ הַרְבֵּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שריקנו (the skeleton of a cluster of grapes which one has stripped – of its grapes) – that were loosened from it the globules/stone, kernel of a stone fruit, even that it is the handle to the grapes at its head/top, that we hold it by its ail. And even its measurement is whatever the amount, and even very long.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:8)

**וְהַמַּכְבֵּד שֶׁל תְּמָרָה.** מַכְבְּדוֹת שֶׁל תְּמָרִים, וּבָהֶן תְּמָרִים, שִׁעוּר אֹרֶךְ הַיָּד שֶׁלָּהֶן לְהָבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, אֲבָל טְפֵי לֹא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והמכבד של תמרה (the fan-shaped twig of the palm tree/the broom of the palm tree) – the fan-shaped twigs of the palm trees and upon them are palms, the measurement is the length of their handle to include the defilement of four handbreadths, but not more.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3:9)

**וּמַלְעִין שֶׁל שִׁבֳּלִין.** זָקָן הָעֶלְיוֹן שֶׁל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁיָּצָא בְרֹאשׁוֹ כְּמִין שֵׂעָר שֶׁל זָקָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומלעין של שבלים (the outer husk of grains/glume) – upper beard of the ear of corn that extended on its head, like a kind of hair of a beard.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4:1)

**אֵלּוּ לֹא מִטַּמְּאִין.** שֶׁאֵין חֲשׁוּבִין לֹא שׁוֹמֵר וְלֹא יָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אלו לא מטמאין – that they are not considered either a protection or a handle.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4:2)

**קוֹלְסֵי הַכְּרוּב.** רַמְבַּ"ם פֵּרֵשׁ, רָאשֵׁי הַכְּרוּב שֶׁיּוֹצְאִים מֵהֶם גִּידִים שֶׁסּוֹבְבִים [מְסֻבָּכִים צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר], וְדֶרֶךְ מוֹכְרֵי הַכְּרוּב שֶׁכּוֹרְתִים אוֹתָן וּמַשְׁלִיכִין אוֹתָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
קולסי כרוב (cabbage-heads/stalks) – Maimonides explained, the heads of the cabbage where sinews that surround them extend out from them (one needs to say, entangled), and it the manner of cabbage sellers that they cut them and cast them off.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4:3)

**וְחֻלְפוֹת תְּרָדִים.** שָׁרְשֵׁי הַתְּרָדִים שֶׁמַּשְׁאִירִים בַּקַּרְקַע כְּשֶׁחוֹתְכִים הַתְּרָדִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּחֲלִיפוּ וְיַעֲלוּ אֲחֵרִים תַּחְתָּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
וחליפות התרדים (and the young shoots of beets) – the roots of the beets that remain in the ground when they cut the beats in order to exchange and others will rise up in their place.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4:4)

**אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לִגָּזֵז.** הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁדַּרְכָּם לְגָזְזָן וְלֹא לְעָקְרָן עִם שָׁרְשֵׁיהֶם, אִם עֲקָרָן אֵין הַשָּׁרָשִׁים מְטַמְּאִין, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן לֹא יָד וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
את שדרכן ליגזז – the things where the practice is to cut them not to uproot them with their roots, if to uproot them, the roots do not defile, because they are not either a handle nor a protection.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4:5)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא בְכֻלָּן.** דְּכֻלָּם חֲשׁוּבִים יָד לָאֹכֶל, חוּץ מִקּוֹלְסֵי כְרוּב וְהַלֶּפֶת שֶׁאוֹתָן גִּידִין הַסּוֹבְבִים [מְסֻבָּכִים] אֵינָן חֲשׁוּבִים לֹא יָד וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ר' יוסי מטמא בכולן – for all of them are considered a handle for food except for the cabbage-heads/stalks and the turnip, for those sinews that surround (that are entangled) are not considered either a handle or a protector. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:1)

**שֶׁבְּסָסָן.** שֶׁדַּשׁ אוֹתָן בְּרַגְלֵי הַבְּהֵמָה אוֹ בְמַקְלוֹת עִם הַתְּבוּאָה. וּבְסָסָן, לְשׁוֹן בּוֹסְסוּ מִקְדָּשֶׁךָ (ישעיה סג):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שבססן (tread, stamped/packed in the barn/threshing floor) – that he threshed them with the feet of the animal or with sticks/staffs with the grain. And [the word] "ובססן" is the language of (Isaiah 63:18): “Which Your holy people possessed but a little while.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:2)

**וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא.** הוֹאִיל וּרְאוּיִים לְהָפְכָן בְּעֶתֶר עִם הַתְּבוּאָה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ורבי יוסי מטמא – because/since they are fit/worthy to be turned over/up with a shovel with the grain. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:3)

**פְּסִיגָה שֶׁל אֶשְׁכּוֹל.** דֶּרֶךְ הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל לָצֵאת מִן הַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁלָּהּ כַּמָּה אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת קְטַנִּים, וְאוֹתָן אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת נִקְרָאִים פְּסִיגֵי עֲנָבִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
פסיגה של אשכול – a sprig of a vine [when stripped of its grapes] – it is the manner of a vine/cluster of grapes to depart from its stem like small vines/clusters and those vines are called פסיגי ענבים/sprig of grapes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:4)

**שֶׁרִקְּנָהּ.** שֶׁנִּתְרוֹקְנָה מִן הַפְּסִיגִים שֶׁבָּהּ, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהֵסִירוּ מִמֶּנָּה הַפְּסִיגִים הַקְּטַנִּים וְנִשְׁאֲרָה רֵיקָנִית:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שריקנה (when stripped/emptied of its grapes) – that were stripped/emptied from the springs that are on it, meaning to say that they removed from it the small sprigs and they remained empty.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:5)

**שִׁיֵּר בָּהּ גַּרְגִּיר אֶחָד טְמֵאָה.** שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית כֻּלָּהּ יָד לְאוֹתוֹ גַּרְגִּיר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שייר בה גרגיר אחד טמאה – all of it became a handle to that berry.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:6)

**שַׁרְבִיט שֶׁל תְּמָרָה שֶׁרִקְּנוֹ.** שֶׁהֵסִיר הַתְּמָרִים וְנִשְׁאַר הַשַּׁרְבִיט רֵיקָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
שרביט של תמרה שריקנו (a twig of a date tree that was stripped of its dates) – that he removed the dates and there remains the empty twig.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:7)

**וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל פּוֹל.** מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַפּוֹלִין גַּסִּים הֵן וְאֵין צְרִיכִין לְשַׁרְבִיט, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ מִתְעָרְבִים בַּפְּסֹלֶת נוֹחַ לְנַקְּרָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ור' אלעזר בן עזריה מטמא בשל פול – became they are large beans and they don’t require a twig, for even if they combine with chips/refuse , it is pleasant to pick at them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:5:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5:8)

**וּמְטַמֵּא בְּשֶׁל קִטְנִיּוֹת.** דְּשׁוֹמֵר הוּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן דַּקִּין וְאֵין יָכוֹל לְנַקְּרָן כְּשֶׁמִּתְעָרְבִים בַּפְּסֹלֶת, וְנִיחָא לֵיהּ שֶׁיְּהוּ בְאוֹתָן שַׁרְבִיטִין כְּדֵי שֶׁיּוּכַל לְמַשְׁמְשָׁן וּלְטַלְטְלָן בְּאוֹתוֹ שַׁרְבִיט. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומטמא של קטניות - for it is a protection, because they are thin and one is not able to pick at them when they are combined with chips/refuse, and it is appropriate for it that they would be on the same twig in order to be able to handle them and to carry them on that twig. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:1)

**וְהַכְּלוּסִים.** מִין קִטְנִיּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
והכלוסין – a species of pulse/beans.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:2)

**וּמִצְטָרְפִים.** דִּפְעָמִים שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱכָלִין עִם הַפְּרִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ומצטרפים – for sometimes they are consumed with the fruit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:3)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אַף עֹקֶץ הַדְּלָעַת.** מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נִשְׁלָק עִמָּהּ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
ר' יוסי אומר אף עוקץ הדלעת (Rabbi Yossi says: even the peduncle of gourds/pumpkins) – because it is boiled with it. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:4)

**אֲגָּסִים.** בַּעֲרָבִי אג"ס, וּבְלַעַ"ז פירא"ש:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
אגסים- in Arabic AGAS and in the foreign tongue PEARS.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:5)

**קְרֻסְטְמֵלִין.** תַּפּוּחִים קְטַנִּים שֶׁדּוֹמִים לַעֲפָצִים. הַקְּרוּיִים מלי"ן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
קרוסטמלין (Crustumenian pear – red on one side) – small apples that are similar to gall-nuts. They are called MILIN.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:6)

**פְּרִישִׁין.** בַּעֲרָבִי ספרג"ל, וּבְלַעַ"ז קודוניי"ש:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
פרישין (quince)- in Arabic SPARGIL and in the foreign language KODONAISH.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:7)

**עֻזְרָדִין.** בַּעֲרָבִי זערו"ד. וּבְלַעַ"ז סורבא"ש:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
עוזרדין (sorb-apples, medlars, crab-apples) – in Arabic ZAROD and in the foreign language SORBASH.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:8)

**טֶפַח.** אַעֹקֶץ דְּלַעַת יְוָנִית דַּוְקָא קָאֵי, וְלֹא אַאַחֲרִינֵי הַשְּׁנוּיִים בַּמִּשְׁנָה, דְּעֳקָצֵיהֶן קְטַנִּים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
טפח - it refers to the peduncle/stalk of the Greek gourd, but not to the others that are taught in the Mishnah as they peduncles are small.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:9)

**קוּנְרָס.** יְרָקוֹת מָרִים, וּמְמַתְּקִין אוֹתָן עַל יְדֵי הָאוּר בְּרוֹתְחִים. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
קונדס (artichokes) – bitter vegetables, and we sweeten them through the hot flame. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eleazar b’Rabbi Tzadok.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin 1:6:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6:10)

**לֹא מִטַּמְּאִין וְלֹא מְטַמְּאִין.** וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין מִצְטָרְפִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2022:**
לא מיטמאין ולא מטמאין – and it is not necessary to state that they don’t combine.