## Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah Chapter 1

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:1)

**אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים הֵן.** לַמְּלָכִים. מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹנִין לָהֶם מִנִּיסָן. שֶׁאִם מָלַךְ מֶלֶךְ בִּשְׁבָט אוֹ בַּאֲדָר, מִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ נִיסָן כָּלְתָה לוֹ שָׁנָה וּמַתְחִילִין לִמְנוֹת לוֹ שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה. וּמִקְּרָא נָפְקָא לָן דְּמִנִּיסָן מָנִינַן לְהוּ, דִּכְתִיב (מלכים א ו) וַיְהִי בִשְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְצֵאת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי לִמְלֹךְ שְׁלֹמֹה עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֵקִישׁ מַלְכוּת שְׁלֹמֹה לִיצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם, מַה יְּצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם מִנִּיסָן מָנִינַן לַהּ, אַף לְמַלְכוּת שְׁלֹמֹה מִנִּיסָן מָנִינַן לַהּ. וּלְמַלְכֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מוֹנִין מִתִּשְׁרֵי, וְהַיְנוּ דִתְנַן לְקַמָּן בְּסָמוּךְ בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים, כְּלוֹמַר לַשָּׁנִים שֶׁל מַלְכֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. וְנָפְקָא מִינַּהּ, לְפִי שֶׁרְגִילִין לִמְנוֹת זְמַן שְׁטָרוֹת לִשְׁנוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ מִשָּׁנָה שֶׁעָמַד בָּהּ, מִשּׁוּם שְׁלוֹם מַלְכוּת. וְאִם עָמַד מֶלֶךְ בַּאֲדָר וְכָתַב לוֹ הַסּוֹפֵר בְּנִיסָן שֶׁלְּאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, נִיסָן שֶׁל שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה, כֵּיוָן דְּנִיסָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים, הֲוָה לֵיהּ שְׁטָר מֻקְדָּם וּפָסוּל, מִשּׁוּם דְּהַאי נִיסָן שֶׁל שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית הוּא, וְשִׁטְרֵי חוֹב הַמֻּקְדָּמִים פְּסוּלִים, לְפִי שֶׁנִּמְצָא טוֹרֵף לָקוֹחוֹת שֶׁלָּקְחוּ הַשָּׂדֶה מִן הַלֹּוֶה בֵּין זְמַנּוֹ שֶׁל שְׁטָר לִזְמַן הַהַלְוָאָה, שֶׁלֹּא כְּדִין, שֶׁהֲרֵי קָדְמָה מְכִירָה לַהַלְוָאָה. לְפִיכָךְ קְנָסוּהוּ לְאַבֵּד גַּם מִזְּמַן הַהַלְוָאָה וָאֵילָךְ, וְלָא גָבֵי מִמְּשַׁעְבְּדֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ארבעה ראשי שנים הן. למלכים – [Regarding] Israelite kings, we count for them from Nisan, for if King ruled [in the month of] Shevat or Adar, when Nisan arrived, he completed for himself one year and we begin to count the second year. And we derive this from Scripture from Nisan we count this for them, as it is written (I Kings 6:1): “In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites left the land of Egypt, in the month of Ziv – that is, the second month – in the fourth year of his reign over Israel, Solomon [began to build the House of the LORD].” [The Rabbis] make an analogy between Kingdom of Solomon and the Exodus from Egypt. Just as [concerning] the Exodus from Egypt, we count it from Nisan, so too for the Kingdom of Solomon we count it from Nisan. And for the kings of the nations of the world, we count from Tishrei, and that is as it is taught in the Mishnah further along, that “the first of Tishrei is the first day for years, that is for the years of the kings of the world. And we derive from it, that since we are accustomed to count the time of documents by the years of the king from the year that he stood in [rule] because of the peace of the kingdom, for if the king stood in Adar and the scribe wrote for him [a document] in the Nisan of after thirteen months, Nisan of the second year, since that Nisan is the New Year of the Kings, it would be an antedated note and ineligible [for use], because this Nisan would be of the third year. And antedated notes of indebtedness are ineligible [for use], for it is found that he would be seizing sold property unlawfully, that they took the field from the borrower whether from the time of the document until the time of loan, which is not according to the law, for the sale had preceded the loan. Therefore, they fined him to lose also from the time of the loan onwards and he may not collect from mortgaged properties.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:2)

**וְלָרְגָלִים.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, רֶגֶל שֶׁבּוֹ שֶׁהוּא פֶּסַח, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָרְגָלִים לְעִנְיָן הַנּוֹדֵר, שֶׁאִם עָבְרוּ עָלָיו שְׁלֹשָׁה רְגָלִים מִשֶּׁנָּדַר וְלֹא קִיֵּם נִדְרוֹ עוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תְּאַחֵר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תְּאַחֵר עַד שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ עָלָיו שָׁלֹשׁ רְגָלִים כְּסִדְרָן, וְחַג הַמַּצּוֹת תְּחִלָּה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֵן סְדוּרִים בַּמִּקְרָא (דברים טז). בְּחַג הַמַּצּוֹת וּבְחַג הַשָּׁבֻעוֹת וּבְחַג הַסֻּכֹּת. וּפְסַק הֲלָכָה, מִשֶּׁיַעֲבֹר עָלָיו רֶגֶל אֶחָד בִּלְבַד וְלֹא הֵבִיא נִדְרוֹ עוֹבֵר בַּעֲשֵׂה, דִּכְתִיב (שם יב) וּבָאתָ שָׁמָּה וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה עֹלֹתֵיכֶם וְגוֹ', רֶגֶל רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁאַתָּה בָּא אַתָּה צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא. וּמִשֶּׁיַּעֲבְרוּ עָלָיו שָׁלֹשׁ רְגָלִים עוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תְּאַחֵר. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּבָעֵי שָׁלֹשׁ רְגָלִים כְּסִדְרָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולרגלים – This is how it should be understood: The Festival that it is, which is Passover, is the New Year for Festivals concerning those who make vows, for if three festivals passed upon him from the time that he made a vow and he didn’t fulfill it, he violates the prohibition of being late to fulfill it (see Deuteronomy 23:22,24: “When you make a vow to the LORD your God, do not put off fulfilling it, for the LORD your God will requite it of you, and you will have incurred guilt…You must fulfill what has crossed your lips and perform what you have voluntarily vowed to the LORD your God, having made the promise with your own mouth.” See also Ecclesiastes 5:3: “When you make a vow to God, do not delay fulfilling it. For He has no pleasure in fool; what you vow, fulfill.”). But Rabbi Shimon says that he does not trespass it on delaying [fulfillment of the vow] until three festivals have passed in order, and the Festival of Matzot (i.e., Passover) is first, as they are arranged in Scripture (Deuteronomy 16:16): “[Three times a year –] on the Feast of Unleavened Bread, on the Feast of Weeks, and on the Feast of Booths – [all your males shall appear before the LORD your God in the place that He will choose…]”; and the legal decision is that when only one festival passes, and if he didn’t bring his vow, he transgresses a positive commandment, as it is written (Deuteronomy 12:5-6): “…There you are to go. And there you are to bring your burnt offerings [and other sacrifices, your tithes and contributions…].” The first festival that you come to, you must bring, and when three festivals have passed, you have transgressed on not being late. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon who requires three festivals in their order.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:3)

**רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה.** שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִים מִן הַנּוֹלָדִים בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ עַל הַנּוֹלָדִים בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, דִּכְתִיב (דברים יד) עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר, בִּשְׁתֵּי מַעַשְׂרוֹת הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, אֶחָד מַעֲשַׂר דָּגָן וְאֶחָד מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, וְאָמַר קְרָא שָׁנָה שָׁנָה, וְלֹא מִשָּׁנָה זוֹ עַל שֶׁל חֲבֶרְתָּהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ראש השנה למעשר בהמה – for we do not tithe from those born in this year together with those which were born in its neighbor, as it is written (Deuteronomy 14:22): “You shall set aside [every year] a tenth part [of all the yield of your sowing that is brought from the field].” The Biblical verse speaks of two tithes, one the tithe of grain and the other is the tithe of cattle, and the Biblical verse says: "שנה שנה"/”every year,” and not from one year on its neighbor.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:4)

**וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי.** כֵּיוָן דְּאִתַּקַשׁ מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה לְמַעֲשַׂר דָּגָן, מַה מַעֲשַׂר דָּגָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ תִּשְׁרֵי, אַף מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ תִּשְׁרֵי. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן [דְּאָמְרֵי] בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי. וְתַנָּא קַמָּא סָבַר כֵּיוָן דְּאִתַּקַשׁ מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה לְמַעֲשַׂר דָּגָן דִּכְתִיב עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר, מַה דָּגָן סָמוּךְ לְגָמְרוֹ עִשּׂוּרוֹ, שֶׁהֲרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ תִּשְׁרֵי וְהוּא סָמוּךְ לְגָמְרוֹ, שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת [הַחַמָּה] עוֹמֵד בַּגֹּרֶן לְהִתְיַבֵּשׁ, אַף מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה נַמִּי סָמוּךְ לְגָמְרוֹ עִשּׂוּרוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ אֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל, שֶׁהַבְּהֵמוֹת יוֹלְדוֹת בְּאָב שֶׁאָז נִגְמַר זְמַן עִבּוּרָן, דְּהָכִי יָלְפִינַן מִקְּרָא, דִּכְתִיב (תהלים סה) לָבְשׁוּ כָּרִים הַצֹּאן וַעֲמָקִים יַעַטְפוּ בָּר, אֵימָתַי לָבְשׁוּ כָּרִים הַצֹּאן, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁמִּתְלַבְּשׁוֹת מֵהַזְּכָרִים הָעוֹלִים עֲלֵיהֶם וּמִתְעַבְּרוֹת, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָעֲמָקִים יַעַטְפוּ בָּר, דְּהַיְנוּ בַּאֲדָר שֶׁהַזְּרִיעָה צוֹמַחַת וְנִכֶּרֶת יָפֶה. וְיוֹלְדוֹת בְּאָב, דִּזְמַן עִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה חֲמִשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים, הִלְכָּךְ רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁל מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל, סָמוּךְ לְגָמְרוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ורבי אלעזר ורבי שמעון אומרים באחד בתשרי – Since they (i.e., the Rabbis) made an analogy between the tithing of cattle and the tithing of grain, just as [concerning] the tithing of grain – its Rosh Hashanah is Tishrei, so, also, the tithing of cattle, its Rosh Hashanah is Tishrei. And the First Tanna holds that since they made an analogy [between] the tithing of cattle to the tithing of grain, as it is written, “You shall set aside [every year] a tenth part [of all he yield of your sowing that is brought from the field],” just as grain is when it is near to completion of its tithing, whose Rosh Hashanah is Tishrei, and it is near to being completed, for all the days of [sunlight], it stands in the granary to dry out, so too the tithing of cattle, which is close to its being completing its being tithed, which is the first Elul, as the cattle give birth in [the month of] Av where their pregnancies being completed, and this we derive from Scripture, as it is written (Psalms 65:14): “The meadows are clothed with flocks, the valleys mantled with grain…” When are the meadows clothed with flocks – that is to say, when they are clothed from the males coming up and becoming pregnant? At the time when the valleys are mantled with grain, that is, in Adar, when the seeds sprout and are well-recognized, and they give birth in Av, for the time of pregnancy of small cattle is five months. Therefore, the New Year of the tithing of cattle is on the first of Elul, near its completion.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:5)

**לַשָּׁנִים.** לִשְׁנֵי מַלְכֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, כְּדִפְרִישִׁית לְעֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לשנים – for the years of the kings of he world, as we have explained above.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:6)

**וְלַשְּׁמִטִּין וְלַיּוֹבְלוֹת.** מִשֶּׁנִּכְנַס תִּשְׁרֵי אָסוּר לַחֲרֹשׁ וְלִזְרֹעַ מִן הַתּוֹרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולשמיטין וליובלות – When Tishrei enters, it is forbidden to plow and seed from the Torah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:7)

**וְלַנְּטִיעָה.** אִם נָטַע אִילָן אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה יוֹם קֹדֶם אֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי, שֶׁהֵם שְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת לַקְּלִיטָה, שֶׁהַנְּטִיעָה נִקְלֶטֶת בִּשְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת, וּשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אַחַר הַקְּלִיטָה לְהֵחָשֵׁב שָׁנָה, דִּשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם בַּשָּׁנָה חֲשׁוּבִים שָׁנָה, הֲרֵי אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה יוֹם, כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי מוֹנִין לָהּ שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה מִשְּׁנוֹת הָעָרְלָה, וּלְתִשְׁרֵי שֶׁל שָׁנָה הָאַחֶרֶת מוֹנִין לָהּ שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית, וּלְאַחַר שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי שֶׁל שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית, אִם חָנְטוּ בִּנְטִיעָה זוֹ פֵּרוֹת, עֲדַיִן הֵם אֲסוּרִים מִשּׁוּם עָרְלָה, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁתִּשְׁרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַנְּטִיעָה, חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, וְזֶה כְּבָר נַעֲשָׂה אִילָן, לְפִיכָךְ אֵין שְׁנָתוֹ מִתְחַדֶּשֶׁת לָצֵאת מִידֵי עָרְלָה עַד חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט, וּמִשָּׁם וָאֵילָךְ אִם יַחְנְטוּ בּוֹ פֵּרוֹת הֵם תּוֹרַת רְבָעִי עֲלֵיהֶן לְאָכְלָן בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וּבַחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה יֵצְאוּ מִידֵי רְבָעִי פֵּרוֹת הַחוֹנְטִים בָּהּ מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולנטיעה – if he planted a tree forty-five days prior to the first of Tishrei, which are two weeks for taking root, for the shoot/young tree takes root in two weeks, and thirty days after taking root is considered a year, for thirty days in a year are considered [to be] a year, which is forty-five days. And when the first of Tishrei arrives, we count it as the second year of the years of fruit of trees of the first three years, and the Tishrei of the next year, we count it as the third year, and after the third ear, when the first of Tishrei arrives of the fourth year, if this plant formed recognizable fruit, they are still prohibited [from being consumed] because of fruit of trees of the first three years/Orlah; and even though Tishrei is the Rosh Hahanah for planting, Tu Bishvat is the New Year for the tree and this has already become a tree. Therefore, its year does not become renewed to leave the status of Orlah/fruit of the first three years until Tu Bishvat. And from then on, if fruit form on it, it has the status of Fourth Year fruit which are to be consumed in Jerusalem. And on Tu Bishvat of the next year, they have left from the status of fourth year fruit when they form from here onwards.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:8)

**וְלַיְרָקוֹת.** לְמַעֲשֵׂר יָרָק, שֶׁאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַיָּרָק שֶׁנִּלְקַט לִפְנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה עַל הַיָּרָק הַנִּלְקָט לְאַחַר רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולירקות – for the tithing of vegetables, for we do not donate for sacred purposes from vegetation that was harvested before Rosh Hashanah on the vegetation that was harvested after Rosh Hashanah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:1:9)

**רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן.** לְעִנְיָן מַעֲשַׂר פֵּרוֹת, שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִין פֵּרוֹת אִילָן שֶׁחָנְטוּ קֹדֶם שְׁבָט עַל שֶׁחָנְטוּ לְאַחַר שְׁבָט, דִּבְאִילָן אָזְלִינַן בָּתַר חֲנָטָה. אִי נַמִּי נָפְקָא מִנֵּיהּ לְעִנְיָן שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית שֶׁל שְׁמִיטָה שֶׁנּוֹהֵג בָּהּ מַעֲשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁאוֹתָן פֵּרוֹת שֶׁחָנְטוּ מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁל שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית עַד שְׁבָט דָּנִין אוֹתָן כְּפֵרוֹת שֶׁל שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁעָבְרָה, וְנוֹהֵג בָּהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, וּמִשְּׁבָט וָאֵילָךְ נוֹהֵג בָּהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ראש השנה לאילן – for the matter of tithing of fruits, for we don’t tithe fruits of the tree that formed prior to Shevat on [fruit] that formed after Shevat, for with regard to a tree, we go after the formation of the fruit. Alternatively, we derive from it with regard to the third year of Shemitah/the seven-year cycle in which we observe the Poor Tithe, for those fruits which formed from Rosh Hashanah of third year until Shevat, we judge them like the fruit of the second year that passed and we practice on them First Tithe and Second Tithe, and from Shevat and onward, we practice tho them First Tithe and the Poor Tithe.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:1)

**בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְרָקִים.** בַּשָּׁנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בארבעה פרקים – in the year


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:2)

**בְּפֶסַח עַל הַתְּבוּאָה.** מִדְּאָמְרָה תּוֹרָה הָבִיאוּ לְפָנַי עֹמֶר בְּפֶסַח כְּדֵי שֶׁאֲבָרֵךְ לָכֶם תְּבוּאָה שֶׁבַּשָּׂדוֹת, מִינַּהּ יָדְעִינַן דִּבְפֶסַח נִדּוֹנִים עַל הַתְּבוּאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בפסח על התבואה – For since the Torah stated (Leviticus 23:10) bring before me the Omer on Passover in order that I may bless you [with] grain in the fields, and from this we know that on Passover, grain is judged.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:3)

**וּבַעֲצֶרֶת עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן.** מִדְּאָמְרָה תּוֹרָה הָבִיאוּ לְפָנַי שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם בָּעֲצֶרֶת כְּדֵי שֶׁאֲבָרֵךְ לָכֶם פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן, וְחִטָּה עֵץ קַרְיֵהּ רַחֲמָנָא דִּכְתִיב (בראשית ב) וּמֵעֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע, כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר עֵץ שֶׁאָכַל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן חִטָּה הָיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובעצרת על פירות האילן – As the Torah stated (Leviticus 23:17), bring before me two loaves on Atzeret/Shavuot, in order that I may bless you [with] the fruits of the trees, and wheat is called a tree by the All-Merciful , as it is written (Genesis 2:9): “And the tree of knowledge of good and bad,” according to the one who said that the tree that the First Man ate was wheat.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:4)

**כִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן.** כִּבְנֵי אִמְּרַיָּא, כִּכְבָשִׂים הַלָּלוּ שֶׁמוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָן בְּפֶתַח קָטָן זֶה אַחַר זֶה לְעַשְּׂרָן, וְאֵין שְׁנַיִם יְכוֹלִים לָצֵאת כְּאֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כבני מרון – like rebels (after surrender brought before a court martial – see Talmud Rosh Hashanah 18a) - like these lambs which we remove through a small opening one after another to tithe them, and two cannot exit at the same time.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:5)

**הַיּוֹצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, הַיּוֹצֵר וְהוּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רוֹאֶה יַחַד לִבָּם וּמֵבִין אֶל כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעוֹבְרִים לְפָנָיו אֶחָד אֶחָד, מִכָּל מָקוֹם כֻּלָּן נִסְקָרִים בִּסְקִירָה אַחַת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היוצר יחד לבם – This is how it should be understood: The Creator and that is the Holy One, blessed be He, sees the uniting of their hearts and understands all of their deeds, and even though they pass before Him one by one, nevertheless, all are reviewed with one glance (Rosh Hashanah 18a).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:2:6)

**וּבֶחָג נִדּוֹנִין עַל הַמָּיִם.** מִדְּאָמְרָה תּוֹרָה נַסְּכוּ לְפָנַי מַיִם בֶּחָג:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובחג נידונין על המים – since the Torah states (Leviticus 23:37; Numbers 29:24, 33,37): pour before me water on the Festival [of Sukkot].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:3:1)

**שְׁלוּחִין יוֹצְאִין.** כְּשֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ בֵּית דִּין אֶת הַחֹדֶשׁ שׁוֹלְחִין וּמוֹדִיעִין לַגּוֹלָה יוֹם שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּהוּ, אִם בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים וְחֹדֶשׁ שֶׁעָבַר חָסֵר, אִם בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד וְחֹדֶשׁ שֶׁעָבַר מָלֵא. וּשְׁלוּחֵי בֵּית דִּין אֵין מְחַלְּלִין לֹא אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְלֹא אֶת יוֹם טוֹב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלוחין יוצאין – When the Jewish court sanctified the New Moon, they send out and announce to the Diaspora the day which they sanctified it (i.e., the beginning of the new month), if it is on the thirtieth day and the previous month was missing [a day], [or] on the thirty-first day and the previous month was full. And the messengers of the Jewish court do not violate either the Sabbath or the Festivals.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:3:2)

**וְעַל אָב מִפְּנֵי הַתַּעֲנִית.** לְפִי שֶׁהֻכְפְּלוּ בּוֹ צָרוֹת יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁאָר תַּעֲנִיּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל אב מפני התענית – since troubles were doubled more than on the rest of the Fast Days.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:3:3)

**וְעַל אֱלוּל מִפְּנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה.** מוֹדִיעִין מָתַי אֱלוּל, וְעוֹשִׂין רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים בֶּאֱלוּל בַּגּוֹלָה, דְּרֹב שָׁנִים אֵין אֱלוּל מְעֻבָּר. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁסָּפֵק בְּיָדָם שֶׁמָּא יְעַבְּרוּהוּ בֵּית דִּין, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶם לָדַעַת, וְעַל כָּרְחָן הוֹלְכִים אַחַר רֹב שָׁנִים. וְאִם לֹא יֵדְעוּ מָתַי מַתְחִיל [אֱלוּל], לֹא יֵדְעוּ יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים שֶׁלּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל אלול מפני ר"ה – We announce when [the month of ] Elul ‘begins] and we make Rosh Hashanah on the thirtieth day of Elul in the Diaspora, since in most years, Elul is not a leap month, and even though there was a doubt in their hands lest the Jewish Court make it a leap month, it is impossible for them to know [definitely], and perforce we go after the majority of years, for if they did not know when [Elul] begins, they did not know when its thirtieth day.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:3:4)

**וְעַל תִּשְׁרֵי מִפְּנֵי תַּקָּנַת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת.** לְאַחַר שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ בֵּית דִּין לְתִשְׁרֵי, הַשְּׁלוּחִין יוֹצְאִין לְיוֹם הַמָּחֳרָת וְהוֹלְכִין עַד מָקוֹם שֶׁיְכוֹלִין לְהַגִּיעַ עַד הֶחָג, וּמוֹדִיעִין אוֹתָם אִם עִבְּרוּ בֵּית דִּין אֶת אֱלוּל אִם לָאו, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לִבָּן נוֹקְפָן בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וּבְסֻכּוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועל תשרי מפני תקנת המועדות – for after the Jewish court had sanctified Tishrei, the messengers went out on the day afterwards and went until the place where they were able to arrive until the Holiday (i.e., Sukkot) and they would announce to them if the Jewish court had made Elul a leap month or not, in order that they would not have scruples about [if they were celebrating] Yom Kippur and Sukkot [at the proper time].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:3:5)

**פֶּסַח קָטָן.** פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פסח קטן – The Second Passover (14 Iyar)


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:4:1)

**מְחַלְּלִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת.** עֵדִים שֶׁרָאוּ אֶת הַחֹדֶשׁ, כְּדַי לֵילֵךְ וּלְהוֹדִיעַ לְבֵית דִּין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מחללין את השבת – witnesses who saw the [New] Moon, in order to walk and to inform the Jewish court.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:4:2)

**שֶׁבָּהֶם שְׁלוּחֵי בֵּית דִּין יוֹצְאִים לְסוּרְיָא.** לְהוֹדִיעַ לַגּוֹלָה יוֹם קְבִיעוּתָם, הִלְכָּךְ חֲשִׁיבֵי. וּמִן הַתּוֹרָה מְחַלְּלִין עַל כֻּלָּן, אֲבָל רַבָּנָן אָסְרוּ לְפִי שֶׁאֵין תִּקּוּן הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת תָּלוּי בָּהֶן, אֲבָל שְׁנֵי חֳדָשִׁים אֵלּוּ הֶעֱמִידוּ עַל דִּין תּוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת תְּלוּיִין בָּהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שבהם שלוחי ב"ד יוצאים לסוריא – to inform the Diaspora the day of its establishment. Therefore, they considered, that from the Torah, they would violate [Shabbat and Holy Days] for all of them. But the Rabbis prohibited it because the establishment of the [correct days for the] Festivals is not dependent upon them. But for these two months, they relied upon Torah law, for all the Festivals are dependent upon them (i.e., Nisan and Tishrei).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:4:3)

**תַּקָּנַת קָרְבָּן.** שֶׁל רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁיְּהֵא קָרֵב בִּזְמַנּוֹ:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:5:1)

**בַּעֲלִיל.** לְמַעְלָה מִן הָאָרֶץ הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁהַכֹּל רוֹאִים אוֹתָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בעליל – above the ground a great deal, where everyone can see it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:5:2)

**שֶׁלֹּא בַּעֲלִיל.** לְמַטָּה בְּשִׁפּוּלוֹ שֶׁל רָקִיעַ סָמוּךְ לָאָרֶץ, וְאַדְמוּמִית הַחַמָּה מְכַסָּה אוֹתָהּ וְאֵינָהּ נִכֶּרֶת כָּל כָּךְ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלא בעליל – below the extremity of the firmament, close to the ground. For the redness of the sun covers it and it is not recognized so well.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:5:3)

**אֵין מְחַלְּלִין.** דְּוַדַּאי רָאוּ אוֹתָהּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין מחללין – for certainly they saw it in Jerusalem. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:6:1)

**אַרְבָּעִים זוּג.** כִּתֵּי עֵדִים זוּג אַחַר זוּג:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ארבעים זוג – sets of witnesses one pair after another


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:6:2)

**וְעִכְּבָן רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.** שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לְבֵית דִּין צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועכבן ר"ע – for the Jewish court had no need of them


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:6:3)

**אַתָּה מַכְשִׁילָן לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא.** שֶׁיִּמָּנְעוּ מִלָּבֹא לְהָעִיד כְּשֶׁיִּרְאוּ שֶׁדִּבְרֵיהֶן לֹא נִשְׁמְעוּ. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אתה מכשילן לעתיד לבא – they will be prevented from coming and testifying when they saw that their words were not listened to. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:7:1)

**אָב וּבְנוֹ וְכָל הַקְּרוֹבִים כְּשֵׁרִים לְעֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ.** דְּאָמַר לְהוּ רַחֲמָנָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן (שמות יב) הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם, עֵדוּת זוֹ שֶׁל חֹדֶשׁ תְּהֵא כְּשֵׁרָה בָּכֶם וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאַתֶּם אַחִים. וְרַבָּנָן דִּפְלִיגֵי עֲלֵיהּ אָמְרֵי, הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם, עֵדוּת זוֹ תְּהֵא מְסוּרָה לָכֶם, לַגְּדוֹלִים שֶׁבַּדּוֹר כְּמוֹתְכֶם. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אב ובנו וכל הקרובים כשרים לעדות החדש – For the All-Merciful One said to Moses and Aaron (Exodus 12:2): “This month shall mark for you [the beginning of the months; it shall be the first of the months of the year for you],” this testimony of the [New] Moon will be valid through you, and even though you are brothers. But the Rabbis who dispute this state: “This month shall mark for you” – this testimony is transmitted to you, to the great ones of the generation like yourselves. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:1)

**מְשַׂחֲקִים בַּקֻּבְיָא.** עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁמְּשַׂחֲקִים בָּהֶן בְּעֵרָבוֹן. וְאָמוּר רַבָּנָן אַסְמַכְתָּא לֹא קַנְיָא, וַהֲרֵי הֵן גַּזְלָנִים מִדְּרַבָּנָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משחקים בקוביא – bones that they would play with as a pledge, for the Rabbis stated that an obligation undertaken that one does not expect to be called upon to fulfill (e.g., a seller who agrees to pay exaggerated penalties if he fails to deliver merchandise by a certain time) which is not binding -and they are robbers according to [the decree of] the Rabbis.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:2)

**וּמַלְוֵי בְּרִבִּית.** לֹא קָרוּי גַּזְלָן דְּאוֹרַיְתָא לְמִפְסְלֵיהּ, דְּהָא מִנַּפְשֵׁיהּ יָהֵיב לֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומלוי בריבית – they are not called robbers according to the Torah to invalidate them [to serving as witnesses or judges] for he gives him [a loan] on his own.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:3)

**מַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים.** הַיְנוּ כְּעֵין קֻבְיָא, אִם תְּקַדְּמֵיהּ יוֹנָךְ לְיוֹנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפריחי יונים – that is a form of dice, if your dove comes in before my dove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:4)

**וְסוֹחֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִית.** עוֹשִׂין סְחוֹרָה בְּפֵרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית, וְרַחֲמָנָא אָמַר לְאָכְלָה וְלֹא לִסְחוֹרָה. וּלְפִי שֶׁנֶּחְשְׁדוּ כָּל אֵלוּ לַעֲבֹר עַל דָּת מֵחֲמַת מָמוֹן, חֲשָׁדוּם לִהְיוֹת מְעִידִים שֶׁקֶר עַל שֹׁחַד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וסוחרי שביעית – They do business with Seventh Year produce, and the All-Merciful said, “to eat,” but not for business, and since they were suspected of violating on the religion for the sake of money, they were suspected of bringing false testimony on a bribe. -


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:5)

**וְהָעֲבָדִים.** פְּסוּלִים דְּאוֹרַיְתָא הֵם, קַל וָחֹמֶר מֵאִשָּׁה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והעבדים – they are invalid from the Torah, as derived by a fortiori from [the case of] a woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:8:6)

**עֵדוּת שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה כְּשֵׁרָה לָהּ.** לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עֵדוּת שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה כְּשֵׁרָה, כְּגוֹן לְהָעִיד לָאִשָּׁה שֶׁמֵּת בַּעֲלָהּ לְהַתִּירָהּ לִנָּשֵׂא לְזָרִים, וְכֵן לְהָעִיד עַל סוֹטָה שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׁתֶּה, וְהָנָךְ פְּסוּלִין דְּרַבָּנָן נַמִּי כְּשֵׁרִים. אֲבָל פְּסוּלִין בָּעֲבֵרָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה לֹא הִכְשִׁירוּ חֲכָמִים בְּעֵדוּת הָאִשָּׁה, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִכְשִׁירוּ הָעֶבֶד וְהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵן פְּסוּלִים לְעֵדוּת מִן הַתּוֹרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עדות שאין האשה כשרה לה – since there is testimony that a woman is fit for, such as to testify to a woman that he husband died in order to permit her to marry foreigners, and also to testify on the woman suspected of committing adultery who had been defiled that she should not drink [the accursed, bitter waters]. And those invalidations [made by] the Rabbis are also valid [to testify], but if they are ineligible to testify from the Torah, the Sages did not make them fit for the testimony of a woman, and even though the slave and the woman were deemed fit, they are ineligible to give testimony from the Torah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:9:1)

**וְאִם צוֹדֶה לָהֶם.** אוֹרֵב. כְּמוֹ וְאַתָּה צוֹדֶה אֶת נַפְשִׁי לְקַחְתָּהּ (שמואל א כד):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם צודה להם – lying in wait, like (I Samuel 24:12): “….Yet you are bent on taking my life.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Rosh%20Hashanah/r/1:9:2)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי ה'.** וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר מוֹעֵד, בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ, דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שנאמר אלה מועדי ה' – and every place where it says, "מועד במועדו"/”appointed time at its appointed season” supersedes the Sabbath.