## Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin Chapter 9

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:1)

**וְאֵלּוּ הֵן הַנִּשְׂרָפִים.** הַבָּא עַל אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ. עַל אִשָּׁה שֶׁכְּבָר נָשָׂא בִתָּהּ, דְּהַיְנוּ חֲמוֹתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלו הן הנשרפין. הבא על אשה ובתה – on a woman whose daughter has already married, that is his mother-in-law.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:2)

**וּבַת כֹּהֵן.** וְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁזִּנְּתָה הִיא בִשְׂרֵפָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובת כהן – and the daughter of a Kohen who ran about as a prostitute/was unchaste, [whose punishment] is by swallowing molten liquid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:3)

**יֵשׁ בִּכְלָל אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ.** כְּלוֹמַר בְּאִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ כְּתִיבָא שְׂרֵפָה בְּהֶדְיָא (ויקרא כ) וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִקַּח אֶת אִשָּׁה וְאֶת אִמָּהּ וְגוֹ'‏ בָּאֵשׁ יִשְׂרְפוּ, וּמִנַּהּ יָלְפִינַן כֻּלְּהוּ הָנָךְ נַמִּי דְּאִיתְנְהוּ בִשְׂרֵפָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יש בכלל אשה ובתה – that is to say, with a mother and her daughter, it is explicitly written "שריפה"/burning (Leviticus 20:14): “If a man marries a woman and her mother….they shall be put to the fire/"באש תשרפו" …,” and from it we derive that all of these also and it is they are [punished] by burning.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:4)

**בִּתּוֹ.** מֵאֲנוּסָתוֹ, דְּלָאו בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ הִיא דִּלְחַיַּב עָלֶיהָ מִשּׁוּם בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, דְּהָא לָאו בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ הִיא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בתו – from an outraged woman, for she is not the daughter of his wife, and he is liable on her because of his wife’s daughter, but she is not his wife’s daughter.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:5)

**בַּת בִּתּוֹ וּבַת בְּנוֹ.** שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ מֵאֲנוּסָתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בת בתו ובת בנו – for they were his from his being a victim of unavoidably prevented accident.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:6)

**בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ.** בֵּין שֶׁהִיא בִתּוֹ בֵּין שֶׁהִיא חוֹרַגְתּוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בת אשתו – whether she is his daughter or whether she is his step-daughter.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:7)

**וַחֲמוֹתוֹ.** אַף עַל גַּב דְּתָנָא לַהּ רֵישָׁא בְהֶדְיָא הַבָּא עַל אִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּשָׂא בִתָּהּ, וְלֹא מִדְּרָשָׁא אָתְיָא, אַיְדֵי דְתָנֵי בְהַךְ כְּלָלָא אֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ וְאֵם חָמִיו דְּאָתְיָא מִדְּרָשָׁא, תָּנָא נַמִּי אַגַּב רִהֲטָא חֲמוֹתוֹ בַּהֲדַיְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחמותו – even though that it [the Mishnah] explicitly taught at the first section – he who has relations with a woman who has married her daughter, and it is does not come from a derivation, for since it was taught regarding these a general principle – for the mother of his mother-in-law and the mother of his father-in-law, that come from a derivation, the Mishnah also taught, by the way, regarding his mother-in-law with them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:8)

**כָּבַשׁ עָלָיו.** אָחַז רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ וּתְקָפוֹ בְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם שֶׁלֹּא יוּכַל לְהָרִים רֹאשׁוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כבש עליו – he grabbed the head of his fellow and held him firmly in the water so that he wasn’t able to raise his head.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:9)

**שִׁסָּה.** גֵּרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שיסה – incite/let loose


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:10)

**הִשִּׁיךְ.** שֶׁאָחַז הַנָּחָשׁ בְּיָדוֹ וְהוֹלִיכוֹ וְהִגִּיעַ שִׁנֵּי הַנָּחָשׁ לַגּוּף שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
השיך – that he held the snake in his hand and led him and the tenth of the snake reached the body of his fellow.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:11)

**רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב.** דְּסָבַר אֶרֶס נָחָשׁ בְּשִׁנָּיו עוֹמֵד, וּמִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ שִׁנֵּי הַנָּחָשׁ בִּבְשָׂרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ הָוֵי כְאִלּוּ הֲרָגוֹ וְחַיָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יהודה מחייב – that he holds that the poison of the snake in its teeth stands, and since that the tenth of the snake arrived in the skin of his fellow, it is as if he had killed him, and is liable.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:12)

**וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין.** דְּקָא סָבְרֵי אֶרֶס נָחָשׁ מֵעַצְמוֹ הוּא מֵקִיא, הִלְכָּךְ לָאו אִיהוּ קַטְלֵיהּ אֶלָּא גְרָמָא בְעָלְמָא הוּא וּפָטוּר. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים פוטרין – for they hold that the snake himself vomits his poison; therefore, it was not he that killed him but rather a mere indirect effect and he is exempt. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:13)

**וַאֲמָדוּהוּ לְמִיתָה.** אֲבָל אֲמָדוּהוּ תְחִלָּה לְחַיִּים, אֲפִלּוּ לְרַבָּנָן פָּטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואמדוהו למיתה – but we appraise him first for life. Even to the Rabbis, he is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:14)

**וְהֵקֵל מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיָה.** וְחָזְרוּ וַאֲמָדוּהוּ לְחַיִּים:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:1:15)

**שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר.** שֶׁלֹּא מֵת מֵחֲמַת מַכָּה זוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שרגלים לדבר – that he didn’t die on account of that wound.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:2:1)

**וְהָיָה בָהּ כְּדֵי לְהָמִית עַל לִבּוֹ וָמֵת פָּטוּר.** דְּתַרְתֵּי בָעִינַן, שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּן לְמַכַּת מִיתָה וְגַם שֶׁיַּכֶּנּוּ מַכַּת מִיתָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והיה בה כדי להמית על לבו ומת פטור – That both are necessary, that he intends to wound [to cause] death and also that they should stripe him a wound [to cause] death.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:2:2)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת זֶה.** לָאו אַסֵּיפָא דְמִלְּתָא דְתַנָּא קַמָּא קָאֵי, אַהָא דְקָאָמַר תַּנָּא קַמָּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַכּוֹת אֶת הַגָּדוֹל וְהָיָה בָהּ כְּדֵי לְהָמִית אֶת הַגָּדוֹל וְהָלְכָה עַל הַקָּטָן וָמֵת חַיָּב, דְּאִי אַהָא קָאֵי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר מִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ, וְלָמָּה לֵּיהּ לְמִהְדַּר וּלְפָרוֹשֵׁי אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת זֶה וְהָרַג אֶת זֶה, הָא בְּפֵרוּשׁ אֲמָרוֹ תַנָּא קַמָּא, וּמַאי אֲפִלּוּ. אֶלָּא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אַרֵישָׁא קָאֵי, נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְהָרַג אֶת הָאָדָם פָּטוּר, הָא נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת הָאָדָם וְהָרַג אָדָם אַחֵר חַיָּב, וַעֲלַהּ קָאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לַהֲרֹג אֶת זֶה וְהָרַג אֶת זֶה פָּטוּר. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ר"ש אומר אפילו נתכוין להרוג את זה. – this does not refer to the end of the matter of the first Tanna, on that which the first Tanna [mentioned]– that he had the intention to wound the large individual but if it struck the small individual and he died, he is liable. For it is upon this that it refers, Rabbi Shimon exempts this person, is needed to be said, and why should he retract and explain that even if he intended to kill this one and killed that one, as the first Tanna explicitly stated this, what is the purpose of the word “even?” But, Rabbi Shimon is referring to the beginning – that if he intended to kill the animal and [instead] killed a person, he is exempt; but if he intended to kill a [particular] person but [instead] killed another person, he is liable. And on this, Rabbi Shimon comments – even if he intended to kill this one and killed [instead] that one, he is exempt. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:3:1)

**רוֹצֵחַ שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים.** כְּגוֹן שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִים וְיָצָא חֵץ מִבֵּינֵיהֶם וְהָרַג, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם מֻחְזָק בַּחֲסִידוּת וּבְיָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא לֹא זָרַק הַחֵץ, אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי לֹא מְחַיְּבִין לֵיהּ לְאִידָךְ בַּחֲזָקָה זוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רוצח שנתערב באחרים – such as two people who were standing and an arrow came out from between them and killed, both of them are exempt, and even if one of the two of them was presumed for his righteousness and it was known that he did not shoot the arrow, even so, they don’t make him liabler for other by this presumption.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:3:2)

**רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר כּוֹנְסִין אוֹתָן לְכִפָּה.** מַתְנִיתִין חֲסוּרֵי מִחַסְּרָא וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי, וְשׁוֹר שֶׁנִּגְמַר דִּינוֹ שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בִּשְׁוָרִים אֲחֵרִים, סוֹקְלִים אוֹתָם, דְּהָא עַל כָּרְחֲךָ כֻּלְּהוּ אֲסוּרִים בַּהֲנָאָה וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן אֶלֶף, מִפְּנֵי זֶה הַמְעֹרָב בָּהֶן, הִלְכָּךְ סוֹקְלִין אֶת כֻּלָּם כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּתְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת סְקִילָה בַּמְחֻיָּב בָּהּ. [רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר] כּוֹנְסִין אוֹתָן לְכִפָּה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְסָקְלָן, אֶלָּא כוֹנְסִין אוֹתָן לְחֶדֶר וְהֵן מֵתִים בָּרָעָב. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יהודה אומר כונסין אותן לכיפה – Our Mishnah is deficient and this is how it should be read as follows: An ox whose proceedings are finished (i.e., the sentence was pronounced) that it was mixed up with other oxen , they stone them, for perforce, all of them forbidden to derive benefit from them and even if they were one-thousand, because of this ox that was mixed up with others, therefore we stone all of them in order that the Mitzvah of stoning can be fulfilled with the one who was liable for it. [Rabbi Yehuda states]: They put them all in prison., and there is no need to stone them, but rather, put them in a room and they will die of hunger. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:3:3)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר בְּסַיִף.** שֶׁהַחֶנֶק חָמוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ר' שמעון אומר בסייף – for choking is more stringent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:3:4)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים בְּחֶנֶק.** שֶׁהַסַּיִף חָמוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים בחנק – for the sword is more stringent.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:4:1)

**מִי שֶׁנִּתְחַיֵּב שְׁתֵּי מִיתוֹת.** כְּגוֹן שֶׁעָבַר עֲבֵרָה קַלָּה וְנִגְמַר דִּינוֹ לַעֲבֵרָה קַלָּה, וְחָזַר וְעָבַר עֲבֵרָה חֲמוּרָה, סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ אֲמֵינָא כֵּיוָן דְּנִגְמַר דִּינוֹ לַעֲבֵרָה קַלָּה, הַאי גַּבְרָא קְטִילָא הוּא, קָמַשְׁמַע לָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מי שנתחייב שתי מיתות – such as the case where a person committed a minor transgression and when the proceedings were finished (i.e., the sentence was pronounced), he went and committed a major transgression; one might think that since the proceedings were finished for the minor transgression, that he is a man to be put to death, this comes to teach us that this is not the case.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:4:2)

**עָבַר עֲבֵרָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שְׁתֵּי מִיתוֹת.** כְּגוֹן חֲמוֹתוֹ, וְהִיא אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עבר עבירה ישי בה שתי מיתות – such as the case of his mother-in-law, and she is a married woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:4:3)

**נִדּוֹן בַּחֲמוּרָה.** בִּשְׂרֵפָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא חֲמוֹתוֹ, וְלֹא כְאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ שֶׁהִיא בְחֶנֶק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נידון בחמורה – with burning (i.e., swallowing a molten-liquid), because she is his mother-in-law, and not like [for a transgression] with a married woman which is [punishable] by choking.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:4:4)

**נִדּוֹן בַּזִּקָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה.** בְּאוֹתוֹ אִסּוּר שֶׁהֻזְקַק תְּחִלָּה לְהִזָּהֵר וְלִפְרֹשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ הוּא נִדּוֹן. אֲבָל לֹא בָאִסּוּר הַבָּא עָלָיו אַחֲרוֹן, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָמוּר, דְּקָסָבַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אֵין אִסּוּר חָל עַל אִסּוּר, וַאֲפִלּוּ חָמוּר עַל הַקַּל. וְאִם נָשָׂא בַת אַלְמָנָה שֶׁהָיְתָה תְחִלָּה חֲמוֹתוֹ כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה פְנוּיָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשֵּׂאת, נִדּוֹן בִּשְׂרֵפָה. וְאִם הָיְתָה אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נַעֲשֵׂית חֲמוֹתוֹ, נִדּוֹן בְּחֶנֶק כְּמִיתָה שֶׁל אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ שֶׁהָיְתָה תְחִלָּה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נדון בזיקה הראשונה – with that prohibited act that he was obligated to regard first to be careful to separate himself from he is judged, but not on the prohibition that he comes upon last, even though it is the more stringent, for Rabbi Yosi holds that one prohibition does not take effect on another, and even the more stringent upon the lenient, and if he married the daughter of a widow, who was first his mother-in-law when she was a free-woman and after that she married, he is judged with burning (i.e., swallowing a molten-liquid). And if she was a married woman and afterwards became his mother-in-law, she is judged with choking, like the death of a married woman that she was at first. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:5:1)

**מִי שֶׁלָּקָה וְשָׁנָה.** שֶׁלָּקָה שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים עַל עֲבֵרָה שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ כָרֵת, שֶׁכָּל חַיָּבֵי כְרֵתוֹת לוֹקִים. כְּשֶׁיַּחֲזֹר וְיַעֲשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ עֲבֵרָה עַצְמָהּ פַּעַם שְׁלִישִׁית:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מי שלקה ושנה – he was flogged twice on a transgression that he would be liable for extirpation, for all those who are liable for extirpation are flogged, and when he would come back and perform that same transgression a third time.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:5:2)

**מַכְנִיסִין אוֹתוֹ לְכִפָּה.** מָקוֹם כְּשִׁעוּר קוֹמַת אָדָם וְלֹא יוֹתֵר. וּמַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ תְחִלָּה לֶחֶם צַר וּמַיִם לַחַץ עַד שֶׁיֻּקְטְנוּ בְנֵי מֵעָיו, וַהֲדַר מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ שְׂעֹרִים שֶׁנּוֹפְחוֹת בְּמֵעָיו עַד שֶׁכְּרֵסוֹ נִבְקַעַת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מכניסין אותו לכיפה – a place that is measured like the stature (i.e. height) of a person and not more, and they would feed him first the bread of adversity (i.e., scanty rations) and water of distress/affliction until his intestines shrink (Sanhedrin 81b), and afterwards they would feed him barley that would blow up his intestines until his belly explodes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:5:3)

**שֶׁלֹּא בְעֵדִים.** שֶׁלֹּא בְעֵדוּת שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מְחֻיָּב עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם יָדוּעַ לְבֵית דִּין שֶׁהַדָּבָר אֱמֶת שֶׁבְּוַדַּאי הָרַג, אֶלָּא שֶׁהֻכְחֲשׁוּ הָעֵדִים בִּבְדִיקוֹת אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה שָׁם הַתְרָאָה מַסְפֶּקֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שלא בעדים – for it is not through testimony that he will be liable for death. And nevertheless, it is known to the Jewish court that the matter is true and that he certainly killed, but the witnesses were contradicted in their examinations or that there was a doubtful warning.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:5:4)

**וּמַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ לֶחֶם צַר וּמַיִם לָחַץ.** תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ שְׂעֹרִים עַד שֶׁכְּרֵסוֹ נִבְקַעַת. וְהַיְנוּ רֵישָׁא. וּמַה שֶּׁחִסֵּר זֶה גִּלָּה זֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומאכילין אותו לחם צר ומים לחץ – first and afterwards we feed him barley until his stomach explodes, and that is the first part [of the Mishnah] and what this part was lacking, the other part revealed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:1)

**הַגּוֹנֵב אֶת הַקַּסְוָה.** אֶחָד מִכְּלֵי שָׁרֵת. מִלְּשׁוֹן קְשׂוֹת הַנָּסֶךְ (במדבר ד):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הגונב את הקסוה – one of the service vessels (see Talmud Sanhedrin 81b), from the language (Numbers 4:7): “and the libation jugs.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:2)

**וְהַמְקַלֵּל בַּקּוֹסֵם.** הַמְבָרֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׁם בְּשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המקלל בקוסם – who blasphemes the name [of God] in the name of idolatry.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:3)

**וְהַבּוֹעֵל אֲרַמִּית.** נָכְרִית:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והבועל ארמית – a heathen woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:4)

**קַנָּאִים פּוֹגְעִים בּוֹ.** הַמְקַנְּאִים קִנְאָתוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם הָיוּ הוֹרְגִים אוֹתוֹ. וְהוּא שֶׁתִּהְיֶה הַנָּכְרִית בַּת נָכְרִית, וּבִשְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה, וּבִפְנֵי עֲשָׂרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. וְאִם חָסֵר אֶחָד מִן הַתְּנָאִים הַלָּלוּ אָסוּר לְהָרְגוֹ. אֲבָל עָנְשׁוֹ מְפֹרָשׁ עַל פִּי נָבִיא, יַכְרֵת ה'‏ לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂנָּה. וּמַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ אַרְבַּע מַלְקֻיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, מִשּׁוּם נִדָּה, מִשּׁוּם שִׁפְחָה מִשּׁוּם נָכְרִית, מִשּׁוּם זוֹנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
קנאים פוגעים בו – those who are zealous with the zealousness of God would kill him. And it would be a heathen woman the daughter of those who worship idols, and at the time of the act, and before ten [men] of Israel (i.e., the community) , and if one of these conditions is missing, it is prohibited to kill him. But, his punishment is explained by the prophet (Malachi 2:12): “May the LORD leave to him who does this no descendants [dwelling in the tents of Jacob and presenting offerings to the LORD of Hosts].” And we flog him four times from the words of the Scribes: because of her being a menstruant woman, because she is a maid-servant, because she is a heathen and because she is a harlot.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:5)

**פִּרְחֵי כְהֻנָּה.** בַּחוּרִים שֶׁמַּתְחִיל שְׂעַר זְקָנָם לִפְרֹחַ בָּהֶם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פרחי כהונה – boys whose hair of their beards begin to flower on them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:6)

**בִּגְזִירִין.** בְּקָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל עֵצִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בגזירין – logs of wood.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:7)

**רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר בְּחֶנֶק.** נֶאֱמַר כָּאן (במדבר א) וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (דברים יג) וְהַנָּבִיא הַהוּא אוֹ חֹלֵם הַחֲלוֹם הַהוּא יוּמָת, מַה לְהַלָּן בְּחֶנֶק אַף כָּאן בְּחֶנֶק:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי עקיבא אמור בחנק – it is stated here (Numbers 1:51): “Any foreigner who encroaches (the Tabernacle) shall be put to death,” and it is stated there (Deuteronomy 13:6): “As for that prophet or dream-diviner, he shall be put to death…” Just as there, [his death] is by choking, so also here by choking.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sanhedrin/r/9:6:8)

**וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים בִּידֵי שָׁמָיִם.** נֶאֱמַר כָּאן יוּמָת, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (במדבר יז) כָּל הַקָּרֵב הַקָּרֵב אֶל מִשְׁכַּן ה'‏ יָמוּת, מַה לְהַלָּן בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם אַף כָּאן בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים. וּמִיתָה בִידֵי שָׁמַיִם הוּא פָחוֹת מִן הַכָּרֵת, שֶׁהַכָּרֵת יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֹנֶשׁ לְאַחַר מִיתָה אִם לֹא עָשָׂה תְשׁוּבָה כָרָאוּי, וּמִיתָה בִידֵי שָׁמַיִם אֵין לְאַחַר מִיתָה עָלָיו כְּלוּם. וְרַשִׁ"י כָתַב בְּפֶרֶק בַּמֶּה מַדְלִיקִין (שבת דף כה) דְּמִיתָה בִידֵי שָׁמַיִם יָמָיו נִקְצָרִים וְאֵינוֹ הוֹלֵךְ עֲרִירִי, כָּרֵת אִית בֵּיהּ תַּרְתֵּי, יָמָיו נִכְרָתִים וְהוֹלֵךְ עֲרִירִי. וּמְחֻיָּבֵי מִיתָה בִידֵי שָׁמַיִם שֶׁעַל עִסְקֵי מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשִׁים הֵם אַחַד עָשָׂר, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, הָאוֹכֵל טֶבֶל, וְכֹהֵן טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, וְזָר שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה, וְזָר וְטָמֵא וּטְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁשִּׁמְּשׁוּ, וּמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, וּמְחֻסַּר בְּגָדִים, וְשֶׁלֹּא קִדֵּשׁ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, וּשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן, וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ. קְצָת מֵהֶם נֶאֱמַר מִיתָה בָהֶם בְּפֵרוּשׁ, וּקְצָתָם לְמָדוּם רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִפִּי הַקַּבָּלָה בִּגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה וּבְהֶקֵּשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וחכמים אומרים בידי שמים – It is stated here, “he shall be put to death” (Numbers 1:51) and it is stated further on (Numbers 17:28): “Everyone who so as much as ventures near the LORD’s Tabernacle must die…” Just as further on, it as at the hands of Heaven, so here too at the hands of Heaven. And the Halakha is according to the Sages. But death at the hand of Heaven is less than from extirpation, for extirpation has upon it a punishment after death if he did not repent appropriately. But[regarding] death at the hands of Heaven, there is nothing after it at all. And Rashi wrote in the chapter “With what do we kindle [Shabbat lights]” (chapter two of Tractate Shabbat, 25a): that death at the hands of Heaven, his days are shortened and he does not go childless. Extirpation has two [things associated with it]: His days are cut off and he goes (i.e., dies) childless. And those who are liable to death at the hand of Heaven on the matters of the Sanctuary and the holy things are eleven, and they are: He who eats eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts, a ritually impure Kohen who eats pure priest’s due, and the foreigner (i.e., the non-Kohen) who eats priest’s due, and the foreigner, the impure and the ritual impurity of one who immersed during the daytime but does not attain ritual purity until the evening – who served [in the Sanctuary] , and those [Kohanim] lacking atonement, those [Kohanim] lacking priestly garments, and who did not sanctify their hands and feet and those who are intoxicated with wine and had overgrown hair. Some of them it says [the punishment of] death regarding them explicitly and some of them our Rabbis learned from the received tradition by verbal analogy and by juxtaposition.