## Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot Chapter 2

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:1:1)

**יְדִיעוֹת הַטֻּמְאָה.** נִטְמָא וְיָדַע שֶׁנִּטְמָא. בִּשְׁעַת טֻמְאָה אוֹ אַחֲרֵי כֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ידיעות הטומאה. נטמא וידע – [that he became defiled and was aware] that he became defiled at the time of of defilement or afterwards.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:1:2)

**נֶעֶלְמָה מִמֶּנּוּ טֻמְאָה.** וְעַל יְדֵי אוֹתוֹ הֶעְלֵם אָכַל קֹדֶשׁ, הֲרֵי אַחַת. וְנִכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הֲרֵי שְׁתַּיִם. דִּכְתִיב וְנֶעְלַם מִמֶּנּוּ וְהוּא טָמֵא, מַשְׁמַע שֶׁנִּתְעַלְּמָה מִמֶּנּוּ טֻמְאָה. וּלְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עָלֶיהָ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יָדַע בַתְּחִלָּה שֶׁנִּטְמָא וְאַחַר כָּךְ נֶעֶלְמָה מִמֶּנּוּ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי קָרֵי לַהּ יְדִיעוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נעלמה ממנו טומאה – and through that same act of forgetfulness/lack of awareness, he ate Holy Things, which is one [count], and he entered into the Sanctuary/Temple, which is two [counts], as it is written (Leviticus 5:4): “and the fact has escaped him,” and he is unclean/defiled, which implies that the defilement escaped him. But because he is not liable for it other than if he was aware at the beginning that he had become defiled/unclean and afterwards, it escaped him, because of this, it (i.e., the Mishnah) calls it: ידיעות הטמאה/awareness (plural) of uncleanness.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:1:3)

**נֶעְלַם מִמֶּנּוּ הַקֹּדֶשׁ.** אוֹ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאָכַל קֹדֶשׁ אוֹ נִכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְזָכוּר לַטֻּמְאָה. הֲרֵי שְׁתַּיִם אֲחֵרוֹת דְּלֹא כְתִיבֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ונעלם ממנו הקודש – or the Temple/Sanctuary, but if he ate Holy Things or entered into the Temple, and he was mindful of defilement, there are two other [counts] that are not written [in the Bible].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:1:4)

**נֶעְלַם מִמֶּנּוּ זֶה וָזֶה.** אֵינוֹ מִמִּנְיַן הַיְדִיעוֹת, אֶלָּא הָא קָמַשְׁמַע לָן דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּבִשְׁעַת אֲכִילַת קֹדֶשׁ אוֹ כְנִיסַת מִקְדָּשׁ אֵינוֹ זָכוּר לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה וְלֹא לַקֹּדֶשׁ, חַיָּב קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נעלם ממנו זה וזה – it is not from the numbers of awareness, but it comes to tell us that even though that at the time of eating Holy Things or entering into the Temple, he was not mindful neither of defilement nor of the holiness [of the Temple], and he Is liable for the sliding-scale offering (depending upon his financial situation).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:1)

**אֶחָד הַנִּכְנָס לָעֲזָרָה.** רִאשׁוֹנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אחד הנכנס לעזרה – [to the courtyard] first.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:2)

**וְאֶחָד הַנִּכְנָס לַתּוֹסֶפֶת.** שֶׁהוֹסִיפוּ עָלֶיהָ אַחֲרֵי כֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואחר הנכנס תוספת – that they added to it afterwards.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:3)

**שֶׁאֵין מוֹסִיפִין וְכוּ'.** לְפִיכָךְ הִיא קְדוֹשָׁה כָּרִאשׁוֹנָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שאין מוספין וכו' – therefore, this is holy like the first (i.e., the courtyard).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:4)

**אֶלָּא בְמֶלֶךְ.** דְּאָמַר קְרָא (שמות כה) כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מַרְאֶה אוֹתְךָ אֵת תַּבְנִית הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֵת תַּבְנִית כָּל כֵּלָיו וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ, קְרָא יְתֵרָא הוּא לְמִדְרַשׁ לְדוֹרוֹת. וּבִימֵי מֹשֶׁה הוּא מֶלֶךְ וְנָבִיא וְאָחִיו כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וְהָיוּ שָׁם אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים וְשִׁבְעִים זְקֵנִים, אַף לְדוֹרוֹת כֵּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלא במלך – as Scripture states (Exodus 25:9): “Exactly as I show you – the pattern of the Tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings – so shall you make it,” this is an additional verse for expounding for the generations. For in the days of Moses, he was King and Prophet and his brother (i.e. Aaron) was the High Priest, and there were there Urim and Thumim (in the High Priest’s breast plate) and seventy elders, even so also all generations.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:5)

**וּבִשְׁתֵּי תוֹדוֹת.** בִּשְׁנֵי לַחֲמֵי תוֹדָה. וְהָיוּ נוֹשְׂאִים אוֹתָן בְּהֶקֵּף סָבִיב עַד סוֹף הַגְּבוּל שֶׁמְּקַדְּשִׁים, וְשָׁם אוֹכְלִים הָאַחַת וְשׂוֹרְפִים הַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְעַל פִּי נָבִיא נֶאֱכֶלֶת וְעַל פִּי נָבִיא נִשְׂרֶפֶת. וְהַיְנוּ דִתְנַן הַפְּנִימִית נֶאֱכֶלֶת וְהַחִיצוֹנָה נִשְׂרֶפֶת. וּמִנְּחֶמְיָה בֶּן חֲכַלְיָה גָּמַר, דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ (נחמיה יב) וָאַעֲמִידָה שְׁתֵּי תוֹדוֹת גְּדוֹלֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובשתי תודות – with two loaves of thanksgiving offerings, and they would carry them in the circumference around until the end of the border that they sanctify, and there they consume (that is inside) and burn the second (which is outside) , and by the word of the prophet, it is consumed and by the word of the prophet it is burned, and that is exactly what is taught in the Mishnah: “the one offered inside is eaten and the one offered outside is burned.” But from Nehemiah ben Chakhliah, he completed it as it is written regarding him (Nehemiah 12:31): “and I appointed two large thanksgiving [choirs] and processions.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:2:6)

**וּבְשִׁיר.** הַשִּׁיר שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים אֲרוֹמִמְךָ ה'‏ כִּי דִלִּיתָנִי (תהלים ל). וּבַיִת שֵׁנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה שָׁם לֹא מֶלֶךְ וְלֹא אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים, הַקְּדֻשָּׁה שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ שְׁלֹמֹה הַבַּיִת בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה קָדְשָׁה לִשְׁעָתָהּ וְקָדְשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. וַעֲבוֹדָה דִּנְחֶמְיָה בֶּן חֲכַלְיָה לְזֵכֶר בְּעָלְמָא הֲוָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובשיר – the song that they would recite (Psalms 30:2): “I extol You, O LORD, for you have lifted me up,” But during the Second Temple period, even though there was no King and no Urim and Thumim, the Holiness that Solomon sanctified of the First Temple was a holiness for its time period and a holiness for the time to come. But the service of Nehemiah ben Chakhliah was for mere memory.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:3:1)

**נִטְמָא בָעֲזָרָה.** וְיָדַע שֶׁנִּטְמָא, וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה בְהֶעְלֵם זֶה כְּלַפֵּי פְנִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהָה. אוֹ הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה כְלַפֵּי חוּץ, וְהוּא דְּשָׁהָה כְדֵי הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה. וְשִׁעוּר הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה הִיא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּקְרָא אָדָם פָּסוּק זֶה בְּיִשּׁוּב, וַיִּכְרְעוּ אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה עַל הָרִצְפָּה וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהוֹדוֹת [וְהוֹדוֹת] לַה'‏ כִּי טוֹב כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ. וְהוּא פָסוּק בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים (ב ז):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נטמא בעזרה – and he knew that he was defiled and prostrated himself with this act that escaped him towards the inside, even though he did wait/delay, or prostrated towards the outside, and he who delayed/waited in order to prostrate. But the measure of the prostration is in order that a person can read this Biblical verse in their inhabitable condition (restoration) (II Chronicles 7:12): “they knelt with their faces to the ground and prostrated themselves, praising the LORD, ‘For He is good, for His steadfast love is eternal,” and this is the Biblical verse.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:3:2)

**אוֹ שֶׁבָּא לוֹ בָאֲרֻכָּה.** שֶׁיָּצָא לוֹ דֶרֶךְ אֲרֻכָּה שֶׁיֵּשׁ קְצָרָה מִמֶּנּוּ לָצֵאת, וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא שָׁהָה תְּחִלָּה, חַיָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
או שבא לו בארוכה (if he went out by the longer way, he is liable) – hat he left through the longer path, for there is something shorter than It, and even if he did not first wait/delay, he is liable.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:3:3)

**וּבַקְּצָרָה פָּטוּר.** הֵיכָא דְּלֹא הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה וְלֹא שָׁהָה, וְיָצָא לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ קְצָרָה, פָּטוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובקצרה פטור – where he didn’t prostrate, and did not wait, and left the shorter route, he is exempt.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:3:4)

**זוֹ הִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ.** דְּיֵשׁ כָּאן וִישַׁלְּחוּ מִן הַמַּחֲנֶה כָּל טָמֵא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זו היא מצוה עשה שבמקדש – for there is here (Numbers 5:2): “[Instruct the Israelites] to remove from camp…anyone defiled [by a corpse].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:3:5)

**שֶׁאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ.** בֵּית דִּין, פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר. שֶׁאִם שָׁגְגוּ וְטָעוּ בְּהוֹרָאָה זוֹ, וְהוֹרוּ לוֹ שֶׁיֵּצֵא בָאֲרֻכָּה, אֵין מְבִיאִין עַל שִׁגְגַת הוֹרָאָה זוֹ פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִבּוּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שאין חייבין עליה – the Jewish court, the bull for an unwitting communal sin, for if they erred unwittingly and error in this teaching, and taught to him that he should leave by the longer way, hey don’t bring on the inadvertent error of this teaching a bull for an unwitting communal sin.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:4:1)

**וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּנִּדָּה.** שֶׁדּוֹמָה לְזוֹ שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, שֶׁאֵרַע לוֹ הַטֻּמְאָה מִשֶּׁבָּא בְהֶתֵּר לִידֵי כְנִיסָה, אִם שָׁגְגוּ בֵית דִּין בְּהוֹרָאָה זוֹ חַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואיזו היא מצות עשה שבנדה – which is similar to that which in the Sanctuary, that defilement occurred to him when he came with legal permission to entrance [into the Temple], if the Jewish court erred in this teaching , they are liable for a bull for an unwitting communal sin (as a result of an erroneous Halakhic decision handed down by the Great Sanhedrin).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:4:2)

**הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה.** שֶׁנִּכְנַס בְּהֶתֵּר וְאָמְרָה לוֹ נִטְמֵאתִי עַכְשָׁיו, וּפָרַשׁ מִיָּד בִּקְשִׁי הָאֵבָר, חַיָּב. אֶלָּא יַעֲמֹד בְּלֹא דִישָׁה עַד שֶׁיָּמוּת הָאֵבָר וְיִפְרֹשׁ בְּלֹא קֹשִׁי. וְזֶהוּ הָעֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּנִּדָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
היה משמש עם הטהורה – that [his penis] entered [her vagina] with legal permission and she said to him: ‘I have become ritually defiled now,” and he removed it immediately while his limb was hard, he is liable. But rather, he should stand without coitus until the limb dies and he can remove it without difficulty, and this is the positive commandment regarding the menstruating woman.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot 2:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Shevuot/r/2:5:1)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְנֶעְלַם.** דְּאָמַר קְרָא (ויקרא ה) אוֹ בְּנִבְלַת שֶׁרֶץ טָמֵא וְנֶעְלַם מִמֶּנּוּ, וּקְרָא יְתֵרָא הוּא, דְּהָא לְעֵיל כְּתִיב אוֹ נֶפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תִּגַּע בְּכָל דָּבָר טָמֵא, וְשֶׁרֶץ בִּכְלַל דָּבָר טָמֵא הוּא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁאִם יָדַע שֶׁנִּטְמָא וַדַּאי וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אִם בְּשֶׁרֶץ אִם בִּנְבֵלָה אֵינוֹ חַיָּב קָרְבָּן אִם אָכַל קֹדֶשׁ עַד שֶׁתִּהְיֶה לוֹ יְדִיעָה בַתְּחִלָּה אִם בְּשֶׁרֶץ נִטְמָא אוֹ בִנְבֵלָה נִטְמָא. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא סָבַר, דְּכֵיוָן דְּיָדַע וַדַּאי שֶׁנִּטְמָא אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא אִתְבְּרִירָא לֵיהּ הַטֻּמְאָה שֶׁנִּטְמָא אִם בְּשֶׁרֶץ אוֹ בִּנְבֵלָה, חַיָּב. וְתַרְוַיְהוּ פָטְרֵי עַל הֶעְלֵם מִקְדָּשׁ. וְרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מְחַיֵּב. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר השרץ ונעלם – as it states in Scripture (Leviticus 5:2): “or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing – and the fact has escaped him,” it is an additional Biblical verse, for above, it is written, “or when a person touches any unclean thing” (Leviticus 5:2), and the creeping thing is included in the unclean thing, but rather, to teach you that if he knew that he had certainly been defiled, but he doesn’t know if it was a creeping thing or if it was through a carcass, he is not liable for a sacrifice if he ate Holy Things until he has awareness at the beginning if it was through a creeping thing that he was defiled or through a carcass that he was defiled. But Rabbi Akiva holds that since he definitely knew that he was defiled, even though it was not made clear to him if the defilement that he sustained was with a creeping thing or a carcass, he is liable. And both of them exempt him from unawareness of the Temple (i.e., that he entered the Temple while ritually impure, aware that he was ritually impure, but unaware that he has entered the Temple. He is liable for a sin-offering as atonement). Rabbi Yishmael requires [the sacrifice] and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yishmael.