## Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah Chapter 8

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:1:1)

**מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה.** וְדִבֶּר אֶל הָעָם בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. נֶאֱמַר כָּאן (דברים כ) וְדִבֵּר אֶל הָעָם, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (שמות יט) מֹשֶׁה יְדַבֵּר, מַה לְּהַלָּן בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ, אַף כָּאן בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משוח מלחמה. ודבר אל העם בלשון הקדש – it is stated here (Deuteronomy 20:2): “[Before you join battle, the priest shall come forward] and address the troops.” And it is stated elsewhere (Exodus 19:19): “As Moses spoke, [God answered him in thunder].” Just as elsewhere is in the Holy Tongue (i.e., Hebrew), even here too is in the Holy Tongue.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:1:2)

**לְכָל כּוֹשֵׁל.** כָּל הַכּוֹשְׁלִים שֶׁאֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לָלֶכֶת בְּרַגְלֵיהֶן:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:1:3)

**הֲגָפַת תְּרִיסִין.** הַכָּאַת הַמָּגִנִּים זוֹ בְּזוֹ לְהַשְׁמִיעַ קוֹל וּלְאַיֵּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הגפת תריסין – striking of those defending each other to cause the hearing of a voice and to threaten.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:1:4)

**הַקַּלְגַּסִּין.** מַקְלוֹת שֶׁרָאשֵׁיהֶן עֲקוּמִים וּמַכִּין בָּהֶם עַל גַּבֵּי אֲבָנִים וְהֵם מְנַתְּזִים עַל הָאוֹיְבִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הקלגסין – sticks whose heads are curved and they beat them on stones and they fly off on their enemies.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:1:5)

**שׁוֹבַךְ.** שַׂר צָבָא הֲדַדְעֶזֶר בִּשְׁמוּאֵל (ב י):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שובך – the officer of the army Hadarezer in [Second] Samuel [10:16].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:2:1)

**אֶחָד הַבּוֹנֶה וְאֶחָד הַלּוֹקֵחַ.** בַּיִת בָּנוּי, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֶצְלוֹ הוּא חָדָשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אחד הבונה ואחד הלוקח – a house built which for him was new.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:2:2)

**וְאֶחָד הַנּוֹטֵעַ חֲמִשָּׁה אִילָנֵי מַאֲכָל.** דִּבְהָכִי הָוֵי כֶּרֶם, שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם, וְאַחַת יוֹצֵאת זָנָב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואחד הנוטע חמשה אילני מאכל – and in this, it is a vineyard, two against two, and one goes out with a tail, and even from five types they combine.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:2:3)

**וַאֲפִלּוּ מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת מִינִים.** מִצְטָרְפִים:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:3:1)

**אִילָנֵי סְרָק.** כְּגוֹן אֲרָזִים וְשִׁקְמִים שֶׁאֵינָם עוֹשִׂים פְּרִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אילני סרק – such as cedar and sycamore that don’t produce fruit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:3:2)

**וְהַמַּחֲזִיר אֶת גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ.** וְאֵרְסָהּ, אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר, שֶׁאֵינָהּ חֲדָשָׁה לוֹ, וּקְרָא כְּתִיב אִשָּׁה חֲדָשָׁה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמחזיר את גרושתו – and he betrothed her, he does not return to her for she is not new to him and in Scripture it is written (Deuteronomy 24:5): “[When a man has taken] a new bride, [he shall not go out with the army or be assigned to it for any purpose].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:3:3)

**אַלְמָנָה.** וְאֵרְסָהּ כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר בִּשְׁבִילָהּ, דִּכְתִיב וְלֹא לְקָחָהּ, וְהָיָה אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר וְלֹא לָקַח, מַאי לְקָחָהּ, שֶׁתְּהֵא רְאוּיָה לוֹ לִלְקִיחָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלמנה – and a High Priest betrothed her, he does not return [to her – a widow],as it is written (Deuteronomy 20:7): “[Is there anyone who has paid the bride-price for a wife,] but has not yet married er? [Let him go back to his home, lest he die in battle and another marry her],” but it was possible. To state, and he did not take her? What is “to take her?” that she is appropriate for him to take her [as a wife].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:3:4)

**עַל מְכוֹנוֹ.** סְתָרוֹ וּבְנָאוֹ כְּמִדָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה. אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר, דְּלָאו חָדָשׁ הוּא, וְגָרַע מֵהַלּוֹקֵחַ וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
על מכונו – tore it down and built it like the first measure, he does not return [to live in it], for it is not new and it is worse than someone who purchases it or who inherits it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:3:5)

**הַבּוֹנֶה בֵית לְבֵנִים בַּשָּׁרוֹן.** מָקוֹם הוּא שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ שָׁרוֹן, וְאֵין הַקַּרְקַע שֶׁלּוֹ יָפָה לִלְבֵנִים, וְלֹא הָוֵי דָּבָר שֶׁל קְיָמָא, שֶׁהָיוּ צְרִיכִין לְחַדְּשָׁהּ שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים כָּל שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הבונה בית לבנים בשרון – it is a place whose name is Sharon, and its land is not nice for bricks and it is not something enduring for they had to renew it twice every seven years.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:4:1)

**וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין זָזִין מִמְּקוֹמָן.** דְּהָנָךְ דִּלְעֵיל הוֹלְכִים עַד הַגְּבוּל וְשָׁם שׁוֹמְעִין דִּבְרֵי כֹהֵן, וְחוֹזְרִים מִן הַמַּעֲרָכָה לְתוֹךְ אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵין חוֹזְרִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן אֶלָּא עוֹסְקִים לְסַפֵּק מַיִם וּמָזוֹן לַהוֹלְכִים לַמִּלְחָמָה. וְאֵלּוּ אֵין זָזִין מִמְּקוֹמָן וַאֲפִלּוּ לָלֶכֶת עַד הַסְּפָר וְלָשׁוּב עַל פִּי כֹּהֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואלו שאין זזין ממקומן – for those above go until the border. And there, we hear the words of the Kohen and they return from the battlefield into the midst of the land of Israel. But they do not return to their homes but rather engage in providing water and food to those who go to war and these do not move from their places and even to go to the border line and to return at the direction of the Kohen.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:4:2)

**הַבּוֹנֶה בַיִת וַחֲנָכוֹ.** וְלֹא דָּר בּוֹ עֲדַיִן שָׁנָה. וְכֵן הַנּוֹטֵעַ כֶּרֶם וְחִלְּלוֹ, וַעֲדַיִן לֹא עָבְרָה שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית שְׁלֵמָה עָלָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הבונה בית וחנכו – and do not live in it for a year yet, and similarly, one who plants a vineyard and redeem it, and the fourth year has not yet passed upon it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:4:3)

**נָקִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ.** בִּשְׁבִיל בֵּיתוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נקי יהיה לביתו – for his house.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:4:4)

**יִהְיֶה.** לְרִבּוּיָא הוּא. הוֹסִיף לְךָ הַכָּתוּב הֲוָיָה אַחֶרֶת לִהְיוֹת כָּזוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יהיה – an amplification which the Biblical verse adds to you which is something other that should be like this.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:5:1)

**וְיָסְפוּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים.** עַל דִּבְרֵי כֹּהֵן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ויספו השוטרים – on the words of the Kohen.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:5:2)

**בְּקִשְׁרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה.** כְּשֶׁמִתְקַשְּׁרִין לַעֲמֹד צְפוּפִין שֶׁלֹּא יְפָרְקוּם אֹיְבִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בקשרי המלחמה – that they become knotty to stand squeezed together that the enemies will not separate them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:5:3)

**לְפִיכָךְ.** שֶׁהַיָּרֵא זֶהוּ הַיָּרֵא מֵעֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ, תָּלְתָה תּוֹרָה בְּבָנָה וְנָטַע וְאֵרֵס לַחְזֹר בִּגְלָלָן, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְלוּ בְּכָךְ הַחֲזָרָה וְלֹא יִתְבַּיֵּשׁ לוֹמַר עָלָיו מֵעֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ הוּא יָרֵא וְחוֹזֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לפיכך – the person who is fearful is the person who fears from sins that are in his hand, the Torah hung “built, and planted and betrothed” to return on their account, so that the return would be dependent upon this and he would not be embarrassed to state regarding it from the sins that are in his hand and he is fearful and returns.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:5:4)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל וְכוּ'.** לְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אֲפִלּוּ עָבַר עַל דִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים חוֹזֵר. וּלְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר עַל דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה, דּוּמְיָא דְּאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ר' יוסי אומר אלמנה לכהן גדול וכו' – for Rabbi Yosi HaGlili, even if he transgressed on the words of the Scribes, he returns, for according to Rabbi Yosi, until he transgresses the words of the Torah is similar to a widow marrying a High Priest.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:1)

**וּבַעֲקֵבוֹ שֶׁל עָם.** בְּסוֹפוֹ שֶׁל עָם, שֶׁמְּשַׁמְּרִים שֶׁלֹּא יַחְזְרוּ הָאַחֲרוֹנִים לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם לָנוּס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובעקבו של עם – at the rear of the people who guard that the last ones who are behind them should not flee.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:2)

**זְקִיפִים.** גִּבּוֹרִים מְמֻנִּים לְכָךְ שֶׁאִם יִפֹּל אֶחָד מִן הַנִּלְחָמִים יַעֲמִידוּהוּ וְיִזְקְפוּהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
זקפים – warriors appointed to this, for if one of the fighters falls, he will restore him and raise him up.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:3)

**וַאֲחֵרִים מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם וְכַשִּׁילִין שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל בִּידֵיהֶם.** לִשְׁמֹר שֶׁלֹּא יָנוּסוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואחרים מאחוריהם וכשילין של ברזל – to guard that they will not flee.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:4)

**כַּשִּׁילִין.** קַרְדוֹמוֹת שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כשילים – iron hatchets–spades.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:5)

**לְקַפֵּחַ אֶת שׁוֹקָיו.** לַחֲתֹּךְ אֶת שׁוֹקָיו:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לקפח את שוקיו – to sever his foreleg.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:6:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:6:6)

**שֶׁתְּחִלַּת נִיסָה נְפִילָה.** לָשׁוֹן מְסֹרָס הוּא, שֶׁתְּחִלַּת נְפִילָה נִיסָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שתחלת ניסה נפילה – it is transposed language for the beginning of falling (i.e., in slaughter) is the rout (see Talmud Sotah 44b).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:7:1)

**בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים.** שֶׁחוֹזְרִים מִן הַמַּעֲרָכָה, וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאֵין זָזִין מִמְּקוֹמָם. בְּמִלְחֶמֶת הָרְשׁוּת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בד"א – that they return from the battlefield and there are those who do not move from their places in an optional war.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah 8:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Sotah/r/8:7:2)

**אֲבָל מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה הַכֹּל יוֹצְאִים.** מִלְחֶמֶת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִלְחֶמֶת עֲמָלֵק הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהִיא חוֹבָה וְהַכֹּל יוֹצְאִים בָּהּ. וּמִלְחֶמֶת בֵּית דָּוִד שֶׁהִיא לִרְוָחָה לְהַרְחִיב גְּבוּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָקַחַת מַס מֵהָעַמִּים כְּגוֹן מִלְחֶמֶת אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם וַאֲרַם צוֹבָה, הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהִיא רְשׁוּת. לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ תַּנָּא קַמָּא וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אֶלָּא בְּמִלְחָמָה שֶׁנִּלְחָמִים יִשְׂרָאֵל עִם אוֹיְבֵיהֶם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְגַּבְּרוּ עֲלֵיהֶם וְיָצֵרוּ לָהֶם. תַּנָּא קַמָּא קָרֵי לָהּ מִלְחֶמֶת רְשׁוּת וְסוֹבֵר שֶׁאֵין אָדָם רַשַּׁאי לְהִתְבַּטֵּל מִן הַמִּצְוָה כְּדֵי לְהִלָּחֵם בְּמִלְחָמָה כָּזוֹ. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר שֶׁגַּם זוֹ מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה, מֵאַחַר שֶׁהוּא לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד שׂוֹנְאֵיהֶם, וְהָעוֹסֵק בְּמִצְוָה פָּטוּר מִן הַמִּצְוָה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל מלחמת מצוה הכל יוצאים – a war of the Land of Israel, and the war against Amalek. Everyone admits that it is obligatory, and everyone goes out in it [to fight]. But the wars of the House of David to extend and widen the brder of Israel and to assess taxes from peoples such as the war of Aram Naharayim and Aram Tzobah (Syria), everyone agrees that it is option. But the First Tanna–Teacher and Rabbi Yehudah did not disagree other than with a war that Israel fights with its enemies in order that they not grow stronger over them and trouble hem. The first Tanna–teacher calls that an optional war, and holds that a person is not permitted to make himself idle from the commandment in order to fight in a war like this, but Rabbi Yehuda holds that this also is a commanded war, for after it is to save Israel from the hand of their enemies, and one who engages in a commandment is exempt from another commandment. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.