## Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah Chapter 4

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:1)

**וְלַד חַטָּאת.** שֶׁעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָהּ. לֹא חַזְיָא לְהַקְרִיבָהּ חַטָּאת, דְּבַת שְׁנָתָהּ כְּתִיב. מִיהוּ מִשּׁוּם הַאי פְּסוּלָא לְחוֹדֵיהּ אֵינָהּ מֵתָה, אֶלָּא תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁתִּסְתָּאֵב עַד דְּאִיכָּא תַּרְתֵּי לְרִיעוּתָא, שֶׁעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָהּ וְאָבְדָה, אוֹ שֶׁאָבְדָה וְנִמְצֵאת בַּעֲלַת מוּם. וְהָכִי מְתָרֵץ לְמַתְנִיתִין בַּגְּמָרָא, דְּהַאי וְשֶׁאָבְדָה דְּקָתָנֵי, עוֹלֶה לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר, שֶׁעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָהּ וְאָבְדָה, וְשֶׁאָבְדָה וְנִמְצֵאת בָּהּ מוּם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולד חטאת שעברה שנתה – it is not appropriate to sacrifice it as a sin-offering, for it is written (Numbers 15:27): “[In case it is an individual who has sinned unwittingly, he shall offer a she-goat] in its first year as a purification offering (i.e., sin-offering).” However, because of this disqualification alone it does not die, but rather, it should be sent out to pasture until it develops a blemish until there are two causes for suspicion/unfavorable conditions, that one year passed and it was lost, or that it was lost and it was found with a blemish. And this is how the Mishnah is resolved in the Gemara (Tractate Temura 22a), and that which was lost, as it is taught, counts both here, and there. And this is what it means: that its year had passed (i.e., the animal now being older than one-year) and that which was lost and when it was found there was a blemish in it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:2)

**אִם מִשֶּׁכִּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים.** אִם לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת זֹאת כִּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים בְּאַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אם משכיפרו הבעלים – if after this (i.e., animal) was found, the owners effected atonement with another.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:3)

**תָּמוּת.** וַאֲפִלּוּ לְרַבָּנָן דִּפְלִיגֵי עֲלֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי לְקַמָּן בְּפִרְקִין וְאָמְרֵי דְּאֵין חַטָּאת מֵתָה אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּתְכַּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים, בְּהָא מוֹדוּ, הוֹאִיל וְאִיכָּא תַּרְתֵּי לְרִיעוּתָא, דְּעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָהּ וְאָבְדָה, אוֹ אָבְדָה וְנִמְצֵאת בַּעֲלַת מוּם. אֲבָל אָבְדָה לְחוֹדַהּ, הוֹאִיל וְנִמְצֵאת קֹדֶם כַּפָּרָה, אַף עַל גַּב שֶׁלְאַחַר שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת נִתְכַּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים בְּאַחֶרֶת, אֵינָהּ מֵתָה אֶלָּא תִּרְעֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
תמות – and even according to the Rabbis who dispute Rabbi [Judah the Prince] further on in our chapter (see the concluding clause of Mishnah 3), who states, that the sin-offering did not die, but rather that it was found after the owners effected atonement, in this they admit, for since there are two causes for unfavorable conditions, that its [first] year had passed and that it was lost, or that it was lost, and it was found to have a blemish. But if it was only lost, since it was found prior to atonement, even though after it was found, the owners had effected atonement with another [animal], it does not die but rather is put out to pasture.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:4)

**לֹא נֶהֱנִים.** מִדְּרַבָּנָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לא נהנים – according to the Rabbis.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:5)

**וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין.** אִם נֶהֱנוּ מֵהֶן, פְּטוּרִים מִקָּרְבַּן מְעִילָה. דְּכֵיוָן דְּלֹא הִיא וְלֹא דָּמֶיהָ קְרֵבִים, אָזְלָא קְדֻשָּׁתָהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא מועלין – if they benefitted from them, they are exempt from the sacrifice of misappropriation (or religious sacrilege), for since neither it nor its monetary value is offered [as a sacrifice], its holiness departs [from it].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:6)

**וְאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא כִפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים.** שֶׁלֹּא רָצוּ לְהִתְכַּפֵּר בְּאַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואם עד שלא כיפרו הבעלים – and they did not want to be atoned with another [animal].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:7)

**תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁתִּסְתָּאֵב.** וְאַעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָהּ קָאֵי. דְּאוֹתָהּ שֶׁאָבְדָה וְנִמְצֵאת בַּעֲלַת מוּם, תִּמָּכֵר מִיָּד וְיָבִיא בְּדָמֶיהָ אַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
תרעה עד שתסתאב – this refers to and its year had passed (i.e., it was now older than a year), for that where it was lost and it was found with a blemish, it is sold immediately and he purchases another with its monetary value.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:1:8)

**וְעוֹשָׂה תְמוּרָה.** הוֹאִיל וְדָמֶיהָ עוֹמְדִים לִקָּרֵב. דְּדָבָר הָעוֹמֵד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּרְעֶה וְיִסְתָּאֵב עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ועושה תמורה – for since its monetary value stands to be offered, for something that stands in order that it should sent out to pasture and develop a blemish makes for an exchange/substitution.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:2:1)

**וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְצֵאת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה תָּמוּת.** דַּהֲוֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּעָלֶיהָ בְּאַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואח"כ נמצאת הראשונה תמות – this sin-offering that its owners were expiated through another.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:2:2)

**יֵלְכוּ לְיַם הַמֶּלַח.** כָּל הֵיכָא דְּאִי הַוְיָא חַטָּאת הַוְיָא מֵתָה, מָעוֹת נַמִּי אָזְלֵי לְיַם הַמֶּלַח:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ילכו לים המלח – whenever there would be a sin-offering, there would be a death, money/coins also go to the Dead Sea (literally: the Sea of Salt).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:3:1)

**יָבִיא מֵאֵלּוּ וּמֵאֵלּוּ.** יְעָרְבֵם יַחַד. דְּכֵיוָן דְּמִתַּרְוַיְהוּ מַיְתֵי, לֹא הָוֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּעָלֶיהָ בְּאַחֶרֶת. אֲבָל אִי הֲוָה מַיְתֵי מֵחַד מִנַּיְהוּ, מְדַחוּ אַחֲרִינֵי, דַּהֲווּ לְהוּ דְּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ בְּעָלֶיהָ בְּאַחֶרֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
יביא מאלו ומאלו – that he should mix them together. For since he brings from both of them, it is not a case of a sin-offering where its owners were expiated with another. But if he brought [only] from one of them, the other is made inoperative, for they have the monetary value of the sin-offering that its owners were expiated with another.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:3:2)

**וְהַשְּׁאָר יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה.** דַּהֲווּ כִּשְׁאָר מוֹתָרוֹת שֶׁל חַטָּאת דְּאָזְלִי לִנְדָבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והשאר יפלו לנדבה – this would be like the rest of those leftovers of sin-offerings that go to free-will donation.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:3:3)

**וַהֲרֵי חַטָּאת בַּעֲלַת מוּם.** אֲבָל אִם חַטָּאת תְּמִימָה, תִּקְרַב הִיא וְהַמָּעוֹת יֵלְכוּ לְיַם הַמֶּלַח, הוֹאִיל וְכִפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים בְּאַחֶרֶת. וְכָל הָנָךְ אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי דְּאָמַר אֲבוּדָה בִּשְׁעַת הַפְרָשָׁה כְּגוֹן הָנָךְ מָעוֹת דְּנִמְצְאוּ קֹדֶם כַּפָּרָה, אָזְלֵי לְיַם הַמֶּלַח:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והרי חטאת בעלת מום – but if the sin-offering [that had been originally been lost] was pure, it should be offered and the monies [that would have been used to replace it] should go to the Dead Sea, since the owners were expiated with another. And all of these are according to Rabbi [Judah the Prince] who said, it was lost at the time of it being separated, such as these monies, and they were found prior to atonement, they go to the Dead Sea.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:3:4)

**וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה תָּמוּת דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כוּ'.** הַכֹּל מוֹדִים בְּמִתְכַּפֵּר בְּשֶׁאֵינָהּ אֲבוּדָה, שֶׁאֲבוּדָה מֵתָה. לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ אֶלָּא בְּמִתְכַּפֵּר בַּאֲבוּדָה, דְּרַבִּי סָבַר הַמַּפְרִישׁ לְאָבוּד כְּאָבוּד דָּמֵי, כְּלוֹמַר הַמַּפְרִישׁ תַּחַת קָרְבָּן אָבוּד, דִּינוֹ כְּאָבוּד. וְכִי הֵיכִי דְּאִם נִתְכַּפֵּר בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ אָבוּד, הָאָבוּד הַנִּשְׁאַר כְּשֶׁיִּמָּצֵא דִּינוֹ שֶׁיָּמוּת, הָכִי נַמִּי כִּי נִתְכַּפֵּר בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן וַאֲפִלּוּ בַּאֲבוּדִים, יֵלְכוּ שֶׁאֵינָן אֲבוּדִים לְיַם הַמֶּלַח. וְרַבָּנָן סָבְרֵי, לֹא אָמְרִינַן הַמַּפְרִישׁ לְאָבוּד כְּאָבוּד דָּמִי, וְדַוְקָא הַמִּתְכַּפֵּר בְּשֶׁאֵינָהּ אֲבוּדָה וְהָאֲבוּדָה נִשְׁאֲרָה, הָאֲבוּדָה מֵתָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת קֹדֶם כַּפָּרָה. אֲבָל אִם נִתְכַּפֵּר בַּאֲבוּדָה וְנִשְׁאֲרָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ אֲבוּדָה, אֵינָהּ מֵתָה, אֶלָּא תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁתִּסְתָּאֵב. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והשניה תמות דברי רבי וחכמים אומרים כו' – everyone agrees that when one is expiated by that which is not lost, that the lost one (i.e., animal that had been set aside) dies. They did not dispute other where he was expiated with a lost [object], for Rabbi [Judah the Prince] holds that a person who set something aside to be lost is like it is lost, meaning to say, one who sets aside [another] in place of the lost sacrifice, its law is like something lost. And just as if it the person was expiated with that which was not lost, the lost [object] that remains, when it is found, its law is that it should die. Similarly, here also , when he was expiated with one of them, and even with those that were lost, those that were not lost should go to the Dead Sea. But the Rabbis state, we did not state that a person sets something aside to become lost is like it is lost. And especially when a person is expiated with something that is not lost and the lost [object] remains, the lost object “dies” and even though it is found prior to atonement. But if he was expiated with a lost object and there remained [an animal] that was not lost, it does not die, but rather it should be put to pasture until it develops a blemish. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah 4:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Temurah/r/4:4:1)

**מוֹכְרָהּ וְיָבִיא בְדָמֶיהָ אַחֶרֶת.** דְּמִכִּי מְכָרָהּ לְאַחֵר, חֲשִׁיבָה כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָהּ בָּעוֹלָם. אֲבָל כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא תַּחַת בַּעְלָהּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּתְכַּפֵּר בְּאַחֶרֶת, תָּמוּת. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן סָבַר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בָּעוֹלָם לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּתְכַּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים בְּאַחֶרֶת, בֵּין שֶׁהִיא תַּחַת בַּעְלָהּ בֵּין בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים, תָּמוּת. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מוכרה ויביא בדמיה אחרת – for when he sold it (i.e., the sin-offering) to another, it is considered as if it doesn’t exist. But all the while that it is under its owner at the time that he is atoning with another [animal], it should die. But Rabbi Eleazar the son of Rabbi Shimon holds, that all the time that it is alive after the owners were expiated with another, whether it is under [the control of its owner] or in the hand of others, it should die. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eleazar the son of Rabbi Shimon.