## Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim Chapter 3

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:1)

**הַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע יָדָיו תְּחִלּוֹת.** פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בְּחֻלִּין, דְּרִאשׁוֹן עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי בְּחֻלִּין. וּמְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּתְּרוּמָה. וּמְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּקֹּדֶשׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המכניס ידיו לבית המנוגע ידיו תחילות (a person who pokes his hands into a leprous house -his hands are first degree of uncleanness) – it invalidates first degree in non-sacred matters, for something that is first-degree of uncleanness makes something second-degree of uncleanness in non-sacred things. And defiles first degree and invalidates first degree of uncleanness with heave-offering/Terumah. And it defiles two things and invalidates one in holy things.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:2)

**כֹּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ.** כְּגוֹן זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְרֻקּוֹ, וְכָל הָנֵי דִּתְנַן בְּפֶרֶק בַּתְרָא דְּזָבִים, שֶׁהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן מְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל המטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו – as for example the flux of a person with gonorrhea and his spittle, and all of these are taught in the last chapter [Five] of [Tractate] Zavim [Mishnah 7] that a person who comes in contact with them defiles clothing at the time of his contact (see Mishnah 1 of that chapter).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:3)

**וְכִי הֵיאַךְ אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶם לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה.** שֶׁאֵין רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה. וְאִם נָגַע בְּיָדָיו בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, נִטְמָא כָּל גּוּפוֹ. הִלְכָּךְ אֵין בְּיָדִי לִמְצֹא [לָכֶם] יָדַיִם תְּחִלָּה, חוּץ מֵהַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, שֶׁאִם הִכְנִיס יָדָיו לֹא נִטְמָא כֻּלּוֹ. וְהַמְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּב אַב הַטֻּמְאָה לְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים וְלַעֲשׂוֹת רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִי, אֵינוֹ חָשׁוּב אַב הַטֻּמְאָה לְטַמֵּא אָדָם, אֲבָל מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בוֹ לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלּוֹת. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכי היאך אשפר להן להיות תחילה – for it is not worthy to become first degree of uncleanness other than if that person came in contact with a primary source of ritual uncleanness. But if his hands came in contact with a primary source of ritual uncleanness, all of his body is defiled. Therefore, it is not in my hands to find the hands as a first-degree of ritual uncleanness, other than one pokes his hands into a leprous house, for if he poked his hands, he was not defied entirely, but if he defiles his clothing at the time of his contact, even though he is considered a primary source of ritual uncleanness to defile clothing and make something first-degree and second-degree of ritual uncleanness, he is not considered a primary source of uncleanness to defile a person, but he defiles the hands that came in contact with it to be first-degree of ritual uncleanness. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Akiva.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:4)

**אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה.** כְּלוֹמַר, אֳכָלִים וְכֵלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
את שנטמא באב הטומאה – that is to say, food and utensils/vessels that were defiled by a primary source of ritual uncleanness.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:5)

**מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם.** וְלֹא אֳכָלִים וְכֵלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְּמַשְׁקִין. דְּאֵין שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי. וַהֲלָכָה כַּחֲכָמִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מטמאין את הידים – but not food nor utensils/vessels that were defiled by liquids, for something that is second-degree ritual uncleanness does not make something second-degree ritual uncleanness. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:1:6)

**בַּמֶּה הָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה.** שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה אוֹ בְמַשְׁקֶה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במה היתה הטומאה – of the oven, through a primary source of ritual uncleanness or through a liquid.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:2:1)

**כֹּל הַפּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה.** דְּהַיְנוּ שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה, שֶׁהוּא פּוֹסֵל שְׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל הפוסל את התרומה – that is second degree ritual impurity (i.e., food that became ritually impure through contact with first degree ritual impurity. It renders Terumah/heave-offering with third degree ritual impurity. The Sages decreed that sacred books/scrolls and unwashed hands have second degree ritual impurity status).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:2:2)

**הַיָּד מְטַמְּאָה אֶת חֲבֶרְתָּהּ.** מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה יָדוֹ אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְנָגְעָה בְּיָדוֹ הָאַחֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה, נִטְמֵאת, וְחָזְרוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן טְמֵאוֹת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מטמאה את חברתה – Whomever had one hand impure and it came in contact with his other pure hand, it becomes defiled, and both of them returned ritually impure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:2:3)

**וַהֲלֹא כִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ.** שֶׁגָּזְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶן לִהְיוֹת שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה וּפוֹסְלִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהֵן מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם הַנּוֹגְעוֹת בָּהֶן לַעֲשׂוֹתָן שְׁנִיּוֹת, אַלְמָא שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והלא כתבי הקודש – that they (i.e., the Rabbis) decreed that they (i.e., sacred books/scrolls) are second degree ritual impurity and they invalidate the heave-offering/Terumah (i.e., priest’s due), and they defile the hands that come in contact with them to be second [degree ritually impure], so we see that something second degree ritually impure makes [something else] second [degree ritually impure].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:2:4)

**וְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.** וְטֻמְאַת יָדַיִם בְּכָל הַטֻּמְאוֹת, מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים הִיא, דִּשְׁלֹמֹה תִּקֵּן עֵרוּבִין וּ[נְטִילַת] יָדַיִם. וְכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁמְּטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם נַמִּי מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, מִשְּׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר שֶׁגָּזְרוּ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם. וְאֵין דָּנִים זוֹ מִזּוֹ לוֹמַר כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמָּצִינוּ בְּכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁשֵּׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי הָכִי נַמִּי בִּשְׁאָר טֻמְאוֹת יִהְיֶה שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי, דְּמַאי דְּתַקּוּן תַּקּוּן, מַאי דְּלֹא תַּקּוּן לֹא תַּקּוּן. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולא דברי סופרים מדברי סופרים – but the defilement of the hands of all of the defilements, is from the words of the Scribes (i.e., Rabbinic law – generally from the period of Ezra), for Shlomo (i.e., King Solomon) established [the laws of] Eruvin/Sabbath limits and hands [which are not found in the Written Torah]. And Holy Writ that defiles the hands is also from the words of the Scribes, which is from the eighteen matters (i.e., actually decrees) that they made on that day (i.e., when Rabban Gamaliel was deposed: see Talmud Berakhot 28a). But we do not judge/make a ruling from this case to that one to state that just as we found that Holy Scrolls that are second [degree of ritual impurity] make [something else] second [degree of ritual impurity], so here also in the remainder of the defilements that will be that something second [degree ritual impurity] will make [something else] second [degree ritual impurity, for what was established was established was established [and] what was not established was not established. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehoshua.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:3:1)

**רְצוּעוֹת שֶׁל תְּפִלִּין מְטַמְּאוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם.** דִּכְשֶׁגָּזְרוּ עַל הַיָּדַיִם הַבָּאוֹת מֵחֲמַת סֵפֶר שֶׁפּוֹסְלוֹת אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, גָּזְרוּ נַמִּי עַל הַיָּדַיִם שֶׁנָּגְעוּ בִּרְצוּעוֹת שֶׁל תְּפִלִּין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רצועות של תפילין מטמאות את הידים – that when they (i.e., the Rabbis) made the decree on [the defiling of] the hands that comes on account of a scroll that invalidates the heaven offering, they decreed also on the hands that came in contact with the straps of the Tefillin/phylacteries.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:3:2)

**רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר כוּ'.** וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ר' שמעון אומר כו' – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:4:1)

**שֶׁמִּלְּמַעְלָן וְשֶׁמִּלְּמַטָּן.** שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ פָּנוּי בְּלֹא כְתִיבָה לְמַעְלָה מִן הַדַּף שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת וּלְמַטָּה טֶפַח:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שמלמעלן ושמלמטן (the upper and lower margins) - that he (i.e., the Scribe) needs to leave free without writing above from the column [in the parchment] three fingerbreadths and one handbreadth below.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:4:2)

**שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה וְשֶׁבַּסּוֹף.** בִּתְחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ פָּנוּי כְּדֵי לִגְלֹל כָּל הַסֵּפֶר, כְּלוֹמַר כְּשִׁעוּר הֶקֵּף שֶׁל כָּל הַסֵּפֶר, שֶׁהַסֵּפֶר מִסּוֹפוֹ לִתְחִלָּתוֹ הוּא נִגְלָל, דּוּמְיָא דִּמְזוּזָה דְּכוֹרְכִים אוֹתָהּ מֵאֶחָד כְּלַפֵּי שְׁמַע. וּבְסוֹפוֹ, כְּדֵי לָגֹל עַמּוּד. וְדַוְקָא כְּשֶׁאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה לְבַדָּהּ, צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן. אֲבָל הַמַּדְבִּיק תּוֹרָה נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים בְּיַחַד, צָרִיךְ כְּדֵי לָגֹל כָּל הַסֵּפֶר בְּסוֹפוֹ, וּכְדֵי לָגֹל עַמּוּד בִּתְחִלָּתוֹ. שֶׁאִם הוּא גּוֹלְלוֹ לִתְחִלָּתוֹ, נִמְצֵאת תּוֹרָה מִבַּחוּץ, וּגְנַאי הוּא שֶׁתֵּעָשֶׂה תּוֹרָה שׁוֹמֵר לִנְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים. וּבְהָכִי מַיְרֵי הָא דְּאָמְרִינַן בְּפֶרֶק קַמָּא דְּבָבָא בַתְרָא, וְעוֹשֶׂה לוֹ כְּדֵי לָגֹל עַמּוּד בִּתְחִלָּתוֹ וּכְדֵי הֶקֵּף כָּל הַסֵּפֶר בְּסוֹפוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שבתחילה ושבסוף – at the beginning of the Scroll he needs to leave free in order to roll all of the Scroll, meaning to say, like the measurement of the circumference of the entire Scroll, that the Scroll, when t is rolled from its end to its beginning is similar to a Mezuzah when they fold it from [the word] אחד/[“God is] one,” directed towards the שמע/[first word of the] Shema. And at its conclusion in order to roll up the scroll of the Law around a cylinder (i.e., a handle). And especially when he doesn’t have anything there other than the Torah alone, he needs to do this, but when he fastens the [text of the] Torah, [the text of] the Prophets and [the text of] the Writings together, he needs to roll up the all of the Scroll at its end, in order to roll the cylinder at its beginning. But if he rolls it towards its beginning, it is found that the Torah (i.e., Five Books of Moses) is from the outside, and it is disgraceful that that Torah should be made into a guardian for the Prophets and the Writings. And it is this that we are speaking f in the first chapter of Bava Batra [13b-14a] and he makes it in order to roll [enough blank parchment wrapped around a cylinder from its beginning and in order that there be a circumference of the Scroll at its end.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:5:1)

**כְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן.** לְפִי שֶׁאוֹתָהּ פָּרָשָׁה הִיא חֲשׁוּבָה כְּסֵפֶר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְכָךְ אָמְרוּ בַּמִּדְרָשׁ (והוא בגמרא שבת דף קטז. תוספות יום טוב), חָצְבָה עַמּוּדֶיהָ שִׁבְעָה (משלי ט) אֵלּוּ שִׁבְעָה סִפְרֵי תּוֹרוֹת, שֶׁסֵּפֶר וַיְדַבֵּר נֶחֱלָק לִשְׁלֹשָׁה חֲלָקִים, וְאַרְבָּעָה סְפָרִים אֲחֵרִים, הֲרֵי שִׁבְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כפרשת ויהי בנוסע הארון – because since that portion (Numbers 10:35-36) is considered like a Scroll (i.e., book of the Torah) by itself. And similarly, they stated in the Midrash Yelamdenu [regarding] (Proverbs 9:1): “[Wisdom has built her house,] She has shewn her seven pillars,” these are seven Scrolls of the Torah, since the book [of] “And God spoke” (i.e., referring to the Book of Numbers) was divided into three parts, and [there are] four other books (i.e., Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Deuteronomy), hence there are seven [books of the Torah]. (see Talmud Shabbat 116a and especially the first Tosafot that explains this Midrash on how the Israelites left Mount Sinai in a desire to discard their learning.)


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:5:2)

**מְגִלָּה שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ.** כְּלוֹמַר יְרִיעָה שֶׁל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְתַּב בָּהּ שְׁמוֹנִים וְחָמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת, נִתְקַדְּשָׁה וּמְטַמְּאָה אֶת הַיָּדַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מגילה שכתוב בה – that is to say a writing sheet [which contains several columns] of a Torah scroll, since eighty five letters were written in it, it became sanctified and defiles the hands.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:5:3)

**קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם.** מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחָכְמָתוֹ שֶׁל שְׁלֹמֹה הִיא, וְלֹא בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ נֶאֶמְרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
Kohelet does not render the hands impure. This is because its wisdom is [King] Solomon's, and was not said through divine revelation:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim 3:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Yadayim/r/3:5:4)

**כְּדִבְרֵי בֶן עַזַּאי כָּךְ נֶחְלְקוּ וְכָךְ גָּמְרוּ.** וְכֵן הֲלָכָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כדברי בן עזאי כך נחלקו וכך גמרו – and this is the Halakha.