## Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim Chapter 2

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:1:1)

**הַכֹּל מִטַּמְּאִים בְּזִיבָה.** הַכֹּל, לַאֲתוֹיֵי תִּינוֹק בֶּן יוֹמוֹ שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא בְּזִיבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכל מטמאין בזיבה (all are susceptible to uncleanness through flux) – everyone, including a baby who is one day old who becomes defiled through flux/gonorrhea.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:1:2)

**אַף הַגֵּרִים.** דִּכְתִיב בְּפָרָשַׁת זָב (ויקרא טו) דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת גֵּרִים וַעֲבָדִים, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם אִישׁ, לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַגֵּרִים וְאֶת הָעֲבָדִים. מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַקְּטַנִּים, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר אִישׁ אִישׁ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אף הגרים – as it is written in the portion of the person with a flux (Leviticus 15:2 - which Bartenura reproduces only in the singular): "דברו אל בני ישראל"/”Speak to the Israelite people.” I don’t have other than the “children of Israel” (i.e., born Jews), from where [do I learn] to include converts and slaves? The inference teaches us (Leviticus 15:2 – the Bartenura writes the verse with the fuller spelling): "ואמרתם אליהם איש"/”And say to them: When a man,” to include the converts and the slaves. From where do I learn to include the minors? The inference teaches (Leviticus 15:2): "איש איש"/”When any man.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:1:3)

**וּמִטַּמְּאִין בְּדָם כָּאִשָּׁה.** שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מִטַּמְּאָה בְּלֹבֶן אֶלָּא בְאֹדֶם, דְּדָם כְּתִיב בָּהּ, שֶׁהוּא אָדֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומיטמאין בדם כאשה – that a woman does not defile with the white matter but rather with the red matter/substance, for blood is written for her, which is red [in color] (as opposed to white gonorrhea substance for a man).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:1:4)

**וּבְלֹבֶן כָּאִישׁ.** דְּזוֹבוֹ כְּתִיב גַּבֵּי אִישׁ. וְהוּא דוֹמֶה לְמֵי בָצֵק שֶׁל שְׂעֹרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובלובן כאיש – for it is written (Leviticus 15:2): "זובו טמא הוא")/”discharge issuing from his member, he is impure.”) "זובו"/his discharge”, regarding a man. And it is like the dough of barley.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:1:5)

**וְטֻמְאָתָן בְּסָפֵק.** אִם רָאוּ לֹבֶן, שֶׁמָּא הֵן אִשָּׁה, וְלֹבֶן טָהוֹר בָּהּ. וְאִם רָאוּ אֹדֶם, שֶׁמָּא הֵן אִישׁ, וְאֹדֶם טָהוֹר גַּבֵּיהּ. אֲבָל אִם רָאָה לֹבֶן וְאֹדֶם כְּאֶחָד, טֻמְאָתָן וַדַּאי מִמַּה נַּפְשָׁךְ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, אֲבָל אֵין חַיָּבִים עֲלֵיהֶם עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ, דְּגַבֵּי שִׁלּוּחַ טְמֵאִים כְּתִיב (במדבר ה) מִזָּכָר עַד נְקֵבָה תְּשַׁלֵּחוּ, זָכָר וַדַּאי, נְקֵבָה וַדָּאִית, וְלֹא טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וטומאתן בספק – if they saw white matter, lest they are of a woman, and the white matter is pure in her. But if they saw red matter,, perhaps it is of a man and the red matter is pure regarding him. But if he saw red matter and white matter together, their uncleanness is certain whichever side you take, and they burn the heave-offering over them. But do not require of them coming to the Sanctuary, for concerning sending forth they are unclean; it is written (Numbers 5:3): “Remove male and female alike; [put them outside the camp so that they do not defile the camp of those in whose midst I dwell],” a definite male and a definite female, but not someone whose sexual organs are concealed and a hermaphrodite.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:1)

**בְּשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַזָּב.** מִשּׁוּם דְּאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא מֵחֲמַת אֹנֶס, דִּכְתִיב זָב מִבְּשָׂרוֹ, וְלֹא מֵחֲמַת אָנְסוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בשבעה דרכים בודקין את הזב – because he (i.e., the man with flux/gonorrhea) does not defile because of unavoidable interference/accident, as it is written (Leviticus 15:2): “[when any man] has a discharge from his member, but not because of unavoidable accident/interference.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:2)

**עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִזְקַק לְטֻמְאָה.** דְּהַיְנוּ כְּשֶׁרוֹאֶה רְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁבָּהּ הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה זָב לְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וּלְהַצְרִיכוֹ לִסְפֹּר שִׁבְעָה נְקִיִּים. אֲבָל רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה, מְטַמְּאָה בְאֹנֶס טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, כְּדִין בַּעַל קֶרִי, וּמִצְטָרֶפֶת עִם הַשְּׁנִיָּה וַאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁהָיְתָה בְאֹנֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עד שלא נזקק לטומאה (before he is confirmed as to flux) – that is when he sees a second sighting [of flux] that through it he becomes a Zav (i.e., a person afflicted with flux/gonorrhea) to defile through lying and sitting and to require him to count seven clean [days]. But a first sighting/appearance defiles through unavoidable accident ritual impurity until nightfall, like the law of the person with a seminal emission (see Deuteronomy 23:11-12), but it combines with the second [sighting] and even it was an unavoidable accident.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:3)

**בְּמַאֲכָל.** אִם אָכַל אֲכִילָה גַּסָּה אוֹ אָכַל דְּבָרִים הַמְבִיאִין לִידֵי זִיבָה, וַאֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, כְּגוֹן בָּשָׂר שָׁמֵן, חָלָב, וּגְבִינָה, בֵּיצִים, וְיַיִן יָשָׁן, וּגְרִיסִין שֶׁל פּוֹל, וְשַׁחֲלִין:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במאכל – if he consume a large meal or at things that bring him to gonorrhea, and even a little bit, as for example, fatty meat, milk and cheese, eggs, and aged wine, and pounded beans and a kind of kress or pepperwort.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:4)

**וּבְמִשְׁתֶּה.** בְּרִבּוּי שְׁתִיָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובמשתה – increase/excess of drinking.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:5)

**בְּמַשָּׂא.** כָּבֵד שֶׁנָּשָׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במשא – a heavy thing that he carried.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:6)

**בְּמַרְאֶה.** רָאָה אִשָּׁה, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִרְהֵר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במראה – he saw a woman, even without meditation [on her].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:7)

**וּבְהִרְהוּר.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה. אִי אֵרַע לוֹ אֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ הַשִּׁבְעָה קֹדֶם שֶׁרָאָה רְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה, אֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה זָב מֵחֲמַת אוֹתָהּ רְאִיָּה, וְהַטִּפָּה אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא כִּשְׁאָר טִפָּה שֶׁל זוֹב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובהרהור – even though he did not see [her]. It one of these seven things happened to him before he saw the second sighting/appearance, he is not become a Zav because of that sighting, but the drop does not defile in carrying like the rest of the drops of his flux.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:8)

**אֵין אַחֲרָיוּת זָבִין עֲלֵיכֶם.** וְאִם לֹא יִהְיוּ זָבִים לְעוֹלָם, מָה אַתֶּם חוֹשְׁשִׁים, הֲלֹא לֹא קִבַּלְתֶּם אַחֲרָיוּת שֶׁל זָבִים עֲלֵיכֶם. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה לֹא כְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְלֹא כְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין אחריות זבין עליכם (the responsibility for Zavim is not yours) – and if there won’t ever be any Zavim, what are you concerned/worried about? Have you not accepted responsibility of the Zavim upon yourselves? But the Halakha is not according to either Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbi Akiba.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:9)

**מִשֶּׁנִּזְקַק לְטֻמְאָה.** לְאַחַר שֶׁרָאָה רְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁלֹּא בְאֹנֶס, שֶׁהֲרֵי מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
משנזקק – for ritual defilement, after he saw a second sighting that was not an unavoidable accident. For from here onwards he makes [defilement] through sitting and lying.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:10)

**אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ.** וְאַף אִם רָאָה רְאִיָּה שְׁלִישִׁית בְּאֹנֶס, נַעֲשָׂה זָב לַקָּרְבָּן. וְכֵן אִם רָאָה רְאִיָּה שֶׁל זוֹב בְּשִׁבְעָה יָמִים נְקִיִּים שֶׁהוּא מוֹנֶה, סָתַר הַכֹּל וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ רְאִיָּה בְּאֹנֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אין בודקין אותו – even though he saw a third appearance/sighting [of flux] by unavoidable accident, he became a Zav for a sacrifice. And similarly, if he saw a sighting of effusion during the seven clean days that he is counting, it made void everything , and even it that sighting was by unavoidable accident.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:11)

**סְפֵקוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ טְמֵאִין.** סְפֵקוֹ מֵחֲמַת שִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ, כְּגוֹן אִם רָאָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע תְּחִלָּה, וְטִפָּה זִיבָה הַבָּאָה אַחַר כָּךְ אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה, שֶׁהָרוֹאֶה קֶרִי אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְזִיבָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְעַד שֶׁלֹּא נִזְקַק לְטֻמְאָה, הַקֶּרִי מְטַהֵר אֶת הַזִּיבָה, מִשּׁוּם דַּהֲוֵי אֹנֶס. וּלְאַחַר שֶׁנִּזְקַק לְטֻמְאָה, אֵין הַקֶּרִי מְטַהֵר אֶת הַזִּיבָה, שֶׁאֵין תּוֹלִין שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת הַקֶּרִי בָּאָה הַזִּיבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ספיקו ושכבת זרעו טמאין – his doubt is because of his effusion of semen. As for example, if he saw effusion of semen initially, and a drop of a flux that comes afterwards does not defile, for the person who sees an emission does not defile with gonorrhea during the time of twenty-four astronomical hours. But before he is confirmed for defilement, the emission purifies the gonorrhea, because it was an unavoidable accident. But after he was confirmed for defilement, the emission does not purify the gonorrhea, and we don’t suspend/leave it in doubt that because of the emission the gonorrhea comes.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:12)

**שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר.** שֶׁאֵין אוֹתָהּ רְאִיָּה מֵחֲמַת אֹנֶס, כֵּיוָן שֶׁכְּבָר נַעֲשָׂה זָב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שרגלים לדבר – that this sighting is not because of an unavoidable accident, for he has already become a Zav.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:13
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:13)

**רָאָה רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ.** הַיְנוּ דַּוְקָא לַקָּרְבָּן. דְּאִי מֵחֲמַת אֹנֶס רָאָה, אֵינָהּ מִצְטָרֶפֶת עִם הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לְקָרְבָּן. אֲבָל מִצְטָרֶפֶת עִם הַשְּׁנִיָּה לַטֻּמְאָה. דְּאִם רְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁלֹּא בְאֹנֶס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיְתָה רִאשׁוֹנָה בְּאֹנֶס, עוֹשָׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וּבָעֵי שִׁבְעָה נְקִיִּים וּבִיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים, דְּכִי כְתִיב מִבְּשָׂרוֹ וְלֹא מֵחֲמַת אָנְסוֹ, בַּשְּׁנִיָּה כְּתִיב. אֲבָל רִאשׁוֹנָה אִתַּקַּשׁ לְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, דִּכְתִיב זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַזָּב וַאֲשֶׁר תֵּצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, מַה שִּׁכְבַת זֶרַע מְטַמְּאָה בְאֹנֶס, אַף רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל זוֹב מְטַמְּאָה בְאֹנֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ראה ראיה ראשונה בודקין אותו – that is specifically for [the requirement to being] a sacrifice. For if it was because of an unavoidable accident that he saw it, it does not combine with the third [sighting] for a [requirement to bring a] sacrifice, but it combines with the second [sighting] for defilement. For if the second sighting was not by unavoidable accident, even though the first [sighting] was by unavoidable accident, it makes sitting and lying [something that defiles] and requires seven clean [days] and going into living waters, as just as it is written (Leviticus 15:2]: “[a discharge issuing] from his member” and not because of his unavoidable accident, with the second [sighting] it is written, but the first [sighting] is compared by close analogy to effusion of semen, as it is written (Leviticus 15:32): “Such is the ritual concerning him who has a discharge: concerning him who has an emission of semen/שכבת זרע [and becomes impure thereby], just as the effusion/emission of semen defines through unavoidable accident, so does the first sighting of flux/gonorrhea defiles through unavoidable accident.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:14
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:14)

**בַּשְּׁנִיָּה בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ.** לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַקָּרְבָּן:


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:15
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:15)

**בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ.** לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה וְלֹא לַקָּרְבָּן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בשלישי אין בודקין אותו – neither for ritual defilement nor for a sacrifice.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:16
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:2:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:2:16)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר כוּ'.** וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר כו' – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer (see Tractate Niddah 35a for the rationale of the dispute).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:1)

**אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בְזִיבָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת.** דְּהַאי זִיבוּת מֵחֲמַת חוּלְשָׁא דְקֶרִי הוּא. וּבִרְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה אַיְרֵי, דְּרִאשׁוֹנָה מְטַמְּאָה בְאֹנֶס. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁתּוֹלִין לְקֶרִי מֵעֵת לְעֵת, כָּךְ לְמַרְאֶה וּלְהִרְהוּר תּוֹלִין מֵעֵת לְעֵת. אֲבָל לְמַאֲכָל וּלְמִשְׁתֶּה לְמַשָּׂא וְלִקְפִיצָה, תּוֹלִין לוֹ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מִצְטַעֵר, וְאָמְרִינַן דְּמֵחֲמַת הַצַּעַר הָוֵי הַזִּיבָה וְלֹא מִבְּשָׂרוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אינו מטמא בזיבה מעת לעת – for these emissions of semen/gonorrhea are because of weakness that they called, and we are speaking about the second sighting, for the first [sighting] defiles through unavoidable accident . And just as we suspend/leave it in doubt for an emission over an astronomical period of twenty-four hours, so also for the sighting [of a woman] and for a fantasy, we suspend/leave it doubt for a period of twenty-four hours. But for eating and drinking and carrying and jumping, we suspend/leave it doubt for him all the time that he is in pain, and we say that because of the pain, he had a flux/emissions but not from his member/flesh.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:2)

**רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר יוֹמוֹ.** אֵין תּוֹלִין אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שֶׁרָאָה קֶרִי בִּלְבַד, וְלֹא מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי יוסי אומר יומו – we do not suspend/leave in doubt other than for that day that he saw the emission alone, but not for an astronomical period of twenty-four hours. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:3)

**מִיָּד מִטַּמֵּא בְזִיבָה.** דְּגֵר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר כְּקָטָן שֶׁנּוֹלָד דָּמֵי. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרָאָה זִיבוּת כְּשֶׁהוּא נָכְרִי, מִטַּמֵּא בְזִיבָה בְהַךְ שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁרוֹאֶה בְתוֹךְ מֵעֵת לְעֵת שֶׁל קֶרִי, דְּנַעֲשֵׂית לוֹ כִּרְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה דִּמְטַמֵּא בְאֹנֶס, וּמִצְטָרֶפֶת עִם הַשְּׁנִיָּה שֶׁיִּרְאֶה אַחַר מֵעֵת לְעֵת שֶׁל קֶרִי. דִּרְאִיַּת זִיבָה שֶׁל נָכְרִי כְּמַאן דְּלֵיתָא, דְּאֵין הַנָּכְרִים מִטַּמְּאִין בְּזִיבָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מיד מיטמא בזיבה – that a proselyte who converted [to Judaism] is like a small child who was born. And even though he saw gonorrhea/emissions while he was a heathen, he becomes defiled through the gonorrhea in this second sighting that he sees within the astronomical period of twenty-four hours of emission, for the sighting of a flux of a heathen is like something that doesn’t exist, for heathens do not defile through emissions/gonorrhea.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:4)

**הָרוֹאָה דָם.** מְטַמְּאָה כָל טָהֳרוֹת שֶׁנִּתְעַסְּקָה בָהֶן לְמַפְרֵעַ מֵעֵת לְעֵת, כִּדְפָרִישְׁנָא בְרֵישׁ נִדָּה. וְאַיְדֵי דְאַיְרֵי בְמֵעֵת לְעֵת, קָחָשֵׁיב כָּל הָנֵי שֶׁשִּׁעוּרָן בְּמֵעֵת לְעֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הרואה דם – defiles all the pure things she was engaged with retroactively for an astronomical period of twenty-four houses, as we explained at the beginning of [Tractate Niddah] (Chapter 1, Mishnah 1), and since we are dealing with/speaking about an astronomical period of twenty-four hours, we consider all of these that their measurements are over an astronomical period of twenty-four hours.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:5)

**וְכֵן הַמַּקְשָׁה.** בִּימֵי זִיבָה. דְּאָמְרִינַן כִּי יָזוּב זוֹב דָּמָהּ, מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָהּ וְלֹא מֵחֲמַת וָלָד. וְאִם שָׁפְתָה מִן הַחֲבָלִין מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְיָלְדָה, לֹא תָלִינַן דַּם קֹשִׁי בְּדַם לֵידָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן המקשה בימי זיבה – for we have stated (Leviticus 15:25): “[When a woman] has had a discharge of blood [for many days, not at the time of her menstrual impurity,]” because of herself, but not because of offspring. But if she let blood flow from the spices over an astronomical period of twenty-four hours and she gave birth, we don’t suspend the protracted travailing with the blood of giving birth.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:6)

**הַמַּכֶּה אֶת עַבְדּוֹ.** הָאָמוּר בַּתּוֹרָה (שמות כא) אַךְ אִם יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם יַעֲמֹד, וְדָרְשִׁינַן יוֹם שֶׁהוּא כְיוֹמַיִם, זֶהוּ מֵעֵת לְעֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
המכה את עבדו- it is stated in the Torah (Exodus 21:20): “When a man strikes his slave male or female, with a rod, [and he dies there and then, he must be avenged.] But if he survives a day or two, [he is not to be avenged, since he is the other’s property],” and we expound that “day”/"יום" is like two days, and this is the astronomical period of twenty-four hours.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:7)

**כֶּלֶב שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת.** דְּקַיְמָא לָן דְּאֵין מִתְעַכֵּל בְּמֵעָיו עַד לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים מֵעֵת לְעֵת, דְּהָכִי תְנַן בְּמַסֶּכֶת אֳהָלוֹת פֶּרֶק י"א, וְכַמָּה תִשְׁהֶה בְּמֵעָיו, שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים מֵעֵת לְעֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כלב שאכל בשר המת – for we hold that it isn’t consumed in its bowels/intestines until after three days from one astronomical period of twenty-four hours, and such it is taught in Tractate Ahilot in Chapter 11 (Mishnah 7), “And how much must it remain in his intestines? Three whole days of astronomical periods of twenty-four hours.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:3:8)

**וְהוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא כִבְרִיָּתוֹ.** שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנָּה. וְעוֹד אִיכָּא טוּבָא שֶׁשִּׁעוּרָן מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְלָא חֲשִׁיב, וְתָנָא וְשִׁיֵּר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והוא שיהא כברייתו (and it continues in its natural state) – that it doesn’t change. And furthermore, there is more that their measure is an astronomical period of twenty-four hours but it is not considered, for he taught and omitted (i.e., the Mishnah taught certain cases and omitted other cases – the list is incomplete).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:4:1)

**מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּב.** וְהוּא הַדִּין לְמוֹשָׁב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מטמא את המשכב – and the same law applies to sitting.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:4:2)

**עוֹמֵד יוֹשֵׁב שׁוֹכֵב.** דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא טו) כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּב אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב יִטְמָא, וּכְתִיב (שם) עַל הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר הִיא יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שֶׁשָּׁכַב עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב וְיָשַׁב עַל הַמּוֹשָׁב. שָׁכַב עַל הַמּוֹשָׁב וְיָשַׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב, עָמַד, נִתְלָה, נִשְׁעָן, מִנַּיִן. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר יִטְמָא יְטַמֵּא, רִבָּה. וְכֻלָּן נִקְרָאִין מִדְרָס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
עומד יושב שוכב – as it is written (Leviticus 15:4): “Any bedding on which he one with the discharge lies shall be impure,” and it is written (Leviticus 15:23): “Be it the object on which she has sat, [on touching it he shall be impure until evening],” I do not have other than at the time that he lied on the bed or sat on the chair. Lying on the seat and sitting on the bed, standing, suspended or leaning, from where do we derive it? The inference teaches, (Leviticus 15:4): “He shall be impure”, “on which he lies shall be impure” (Leviticus 15:23), and all of them are called מדרס/[impurity through] treading.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:4:3)

**וְהַמִּשְׁכָּב מְטַמֵּא אֶת הָאָדָם וְכוּ'‏ עוֹמֵד יוֹשֵׁב שׁוֹכֵב נִתְלֶה.** שֶׁהַטָּהוֹר בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְהַמִּשְׁכָּב הַטָּמֵא בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, וְכָרַע הַמִּשְׁכָּב הַטָּמֵא, וְנִתְלֶה הַטָּהוֹר. וְנִתְלֶה דְרֵישָׁא, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהַזָּב בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וּמוֹשָׁבוֹת בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה וְכָרְעוּ הֵן, טְמֵאִין, דְּהַשְׁתָּא הַזָּב נִתְלֶה וּכְאִלּוּ הוּא יוֹשֵׁב עֲלֵיהֶן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמשכב מטמא את האדם וכו' עומד יושב שוכב נתלה – that the pure object is on the balancing scale [on one side] and the impure lying on the second scale, and the impure lying outweighed , and suspended the pure object. And that which is suspended in the first clause, as for example the person with gonorrhea on the [first] balance and those sitting on the second balance, and they outweighed them, they are impure, for how, the person with gonorrhea is suspended/hanging and it is as if he is sitting upon them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:4:4)

**לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים.** הוּא הַדִּין כָּל כֵּלִים שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁלֹּא פֵרַשׁ, חוּץ מֵאָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
לטמא בגדים – and this is the same law for all vessels that come in contact with them that have not been explained, except for a man and an earthenware vessel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 2:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/2:4:5)

**בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא.** אִם נָגַע בַּמִּשְׁכָּב הַטָּמֵא, אוֹ שֶׁנְּשָׂאוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כמגע ובמשא – if it came in touched with something impure that was lying or that he carried it.