## Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim Chapter 5

###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:1)

**הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּזָּב.** וּכְלֵי שֶׁטֶף בְּמַגָּע. דְּכִי הֵיכִי דְּאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּזָּב מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, כָּךְ מְטַמֵּא כָל כֵּלִים שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ בַזָּב, חוּץ מֵאָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, דְּתַנְיָא בְתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים, מִנַּיִן לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁאָר כֵּלִים כִּבְגָדִים, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (ויקרא טו) וְטָמֵא. יָכוֹל יְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר בֶּגֶד, בֶּגֶד הוּא מְטַמֵּא וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס. וְדַוְקָא בִשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ בַזָּב. אֲבָל פֵּרַשׁ, לֹא, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא טו) וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם וְטָמֵא, בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים. פֵּרַשׁ, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנוגע בזב. וכלי שטף במגע (he who touches a Zav/person with a flux. And a vessel that requires only rinsing to be restored to Levitical cleanness) – for just as a person who touches a Zav/person with a flux defiles clothing at the time of his contact/touching, so he defiles all vessels that touch them at the time of his [physical] contact with a Zav, except for humans and earthenware vessels. As it is taught in the [Halakhic Midrash] of the Torah of the Priests (i.e., Sifra), from where do we make the rest of vessels like clothing? The inference teaches us (Leviticus 15:5): “and remains impure/וטמא [until the evening].” I might think that it makes a person and earthenware vessels [impure], the inference teaches us "בגד"/”All cloth [or leather on which semen falls shall be washed in water and remain impure until evening]” (Leviticus 15:17); it defiles clothing, but it does not defile human beings and earthenware vessels. And especially at the time of contact with the Zav/person with a flux, but if he separates [from the things that make him unclean], it does not, as it is written (Leviticus 15:5): “Anyone who touches his bedding shall wash his clothes, bathe in water and remain impure [until evening];” at the time of his contact he defiles his clothing, [but if] he separates, he does not defile clothing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:2)

**אֲבָל לֹא בְמַשָּׂא.** אִם בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ בַזָּב נָשָׂא בְגָדִים וְלֹא נָגַע בָּהֶן, טְהוֹרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אבל לא במשא (but not what he carries) – if at the time of his contact with a Zav/person with a flux he carried clothing but did not touch them, they are ritually pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:3)

**כֹּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ.** כְּגוֹן הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב וְזָבָה וְיוֹלֶדֶת, וּבְמַעַיְנוֹתֵיהֶם, בְּמִשְׁכָּבָן, וּבְמוֹשָׁבָן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל המטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו – as for example, a person who touches a man with a flux/gonorrhea, or a woman with a flux, or a woman who has just given birth and with their discharges, with what they lie upon (i.e., bedding) and with what they sit upon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:4)

**מְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים.** לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נֶחְשָׁב כְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, כֵּיוָן דְּאָמְרָה תוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מטמא אוכלים להיות תחלה – because he is considered like a primary source of ritual defilement at the time of his contact, since the Torah stated that he defiles clothing.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:5)

**וְאֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת.** אֲבָל גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, כִּדְקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואת הידים להיות שניות – but the body of a person, he (i.e., the Zav) does not defile, as it is taught in the concluding clause that he does not defile a person and an earthenware vessel.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:6)

**לְאַחַר פְּרִישָׁתוֹ.** מִמְּטַמְּאָיו מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַמַּשְׁקִין לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, עוֹשֶׂה הַמַּשְׁקִין תְּחִלָּה, דַּאֲפִלּוּ שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה מְטַמֵּא מַשְׁקִין לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה. לְפִי שֶׁהֵן עֲלוּלִין לְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה וְאֵינָן צְרִיכִין הֶכְשֵׁר כְּמוֹ הָאֳכָלִים, גָּזְרוּ בָהֶן שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לְעוֹלָם תְּחִלָּה, גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקִין הַבָּאִין מֵחֲמַת שֶׁרֶץ שֶׁהֵם תְּחִלָּה מִן הַתּוֹרָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ולאחר פרישתו ממטמאיו מטמא את המשקין להיות תחלה – and even though he is not aught but first degree of ritual impurity, he makes the liquids first remove, for even second degree of ritual impurity defiles liquids to be first remove. But they are likely/liable to catch uncleanness and don’t require fitness to become unclean (which arises from contact with certain liquids) like foods, they (i.e., the Rabbis) decreed concerning them that they are always of first remove, as a decree because of liquids that come on account of [contact with] a reptile which are first remove from the Torah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:1:7)

**וְהָאֳכָלִים וְהַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת.** דְּכֵיוָן דְּפֵרַשׁ מִמְּטַמְּאָיו, אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן בְּעָלְמָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והאוכלים והידים להיות שניות – since he separated from the things which make him unclean, it is not other than a mere first [degree of ritual defilement].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:1)

**כֹּל הַנִּשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב.** עֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, וַאֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה חוֹצְצִים בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין הַזָּב, הַכֹּל טָמֵא, דִּכְתִיב (שם) וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכָל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה תַחְתָּיו, מַאי תַחְתָּיו, אִילֵימָא תַּחְתָּיו דְּזָב, הַיְנוּ מִשְׁכָּב, אֶלָּא בְּכָל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה הַזָּב תַּחְתָּיו, דְּהַיְנוּ עֶלְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל זָב, וְנוֹהֵג בְּכָל דָּבָר, אֲפִלּוּ בְמִידִי דְּאֵין רְגִילוּת לִהְיוֹת עָלָיו, וְלֹא הָווּ כְעֵין תַּחְתָּיו, דְּאֵין נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בְמִידִי דַּחֲזִי לֵיהּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל הנישא על גבי הזב – the uppermost part of the person with a flux/gonorrhea and even if the person with a flux/gonorrhea did not touch him and even if there are many things that interpose between him and between the person with a flux/gonorrhea, everything is ritually impure, as it is written (Leviticus 15:10): “Whoever touches anything that was under him [shall be impure until evening].” What is underneath him? If you were to say, underneath the person with flux/gonorrhea, that is his lying, but rather with anything that the Zav/person with flux will be underneath him, that is, the uppermost part of the Zav. And this applies to all things, even with something that is not normally upon him, and not with that is similar to what is below him, for it is not practiced other than something that appears to him.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:2)

**חוּץ מִן הָרָאוּי לְמִשְׁכָּב וּלְמוֹשָׁב.** וְהוּא הַדִּין לְמֶרְכָּב. אֲבָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי, טָהוֹר, כְּגוֹן אִם כָּפָה סְאָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה לִישִׁיבָה וְיָשַׁב עָלֶיהָ, יָכוֹל יְהֵא טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שם) וְהַיֹּשֵׁב עַל הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר יֵשֵׁב עָלָיו הַזָּב, מַה שֶּׁמְּיֻחָד לִישִׁיבָה, יָצָא זֶה שֶׁאוֹמְרִים לוֹ עֲמֹד וְנַעֲשֶׂה מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מהן הראוי למשכב ולמושב – and the same law applies for what he is riding upon, but that which is not appropriate is pure, as for example, if he inverted a Seah which is not made for sitting and he sat upon it, it is possible that it would be impure for sitting, as the inference teaches us (Leviticus 15:6): “Whoever sits on an object on which the one with the discharge has sat,” that which is special fro sitting, excluding this that we say to him: “stand and perform our work.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:3)

**נִדְבָּךְ.** שׁוּרַת בִּנְיַן הַחוֹמָה. כְּמוֹ נִדְבָּכִין דִּי אֶבֶן גְּלָל (בעזרא ו):

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נדבך (a frame carried to the building ground with the tools and vessels above and under it) – a row of the building of the wall, like (Ezra 6:4): “With a course of unused timber [for each three courses of hewn stone].”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:4)

**הַטָּהוֹר מִלְּמַעְלָה.** עַל הַנִּדְבָּךְ וּמַכְבִּיד עַל אֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁל זָב, דְּהַשְׁתָּא הָוֵי נִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב וְנֶחְשָׁב אַב הַטֻּמְאָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הטהור מלמעלה – on the frame/course of stones and weighing down upon the finger of the person with flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav), for now it is carried above the Zav and is considered a primary source of ritual defilement.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:5)

**מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד.** מְטַמֵּא רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִי, וּפוֹסֵל שְׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מטמא שנים ופוסל אחד – it defiles first degree [of ritual impurity] and second degree [of ritual impurity], and renders heave-offering/priest’s due] impure with one further remove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:6)

**פֵּרַשׁ.** שֶׁיָּרַד הַטָּהוֹר מִן הַנִּדְבָּךְ, אוֹ שֶׁסִּלֵּק הַזָּב אֶצְבָּעוֹ מִתַּחַת הַנִּדְבָּךְ. מְטַמֵּא הַטָּהוֹר אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הַטָּהוֹר אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ, דְּתוּ לֹא מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְעוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי וּשְׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פירש – the pure person came down from the course of stones/frame, or that the person with flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav) removed his finger from underneath the course of stones/frame. It defiles the pure with one remove and invalidates one remove, because the pure thing is not other first degree of ritual impurity for since it separates, it further does not defile clothing and makes heave offering/priest’s due second and third remove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:7)

**הַטָּמֵא מִלְמַעְלָה.** עַל הַנִּדְבָּךְ, וְאֶצְבַּע הַטָּהוֹר תַּחַת הַנִּדְבָּךְ, וּמַכְבִּיד הַטָּמֵא עָלָיו, הֲרֵי הַזָּב נִשָּׂא עָלָיו, לְפִיכָךְ מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הטמא מלמעלה – on the course of stones/frame, and the finger of the pure person is underneath the course of stones/frame and the impure person weighs down upon him, for the Zav/the person with a flux/gonorrhea is carried upon it, therefore it defiles two removes and renders unfit one further remove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:8)

**וְהַמַּדָּף.** כָּל כֵּלִים שֶׁאֵינָם מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מַדָּף קָרֵי לְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והמדף – all the vessels that are not lying or sitting are called מדף/indirect contact for conferring ritual impurity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:9)

**מִלְמַעְלָן.** שֶׁל נִדְבָּךְ, וְאֶצְבַּע הַזָּב מִלְּמַטָּה, אֵינָם אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מלמעלה – [above] the course of stones/frame, but the finger of the Zav/person with flux/gonorrhea is from below, they are not other than first degree of ritual impurity,


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:10
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:10)

**מְטַמְּאִין אֶחָד וּפוֹסְלִים אֶחָד.** וּלְאַחַר שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּ נַמִּי כָךְ דִּינָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
and they defile one remove and renders unfit [still] one [further] remove, but after they have separated, also this is the law.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:11
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:11)

**פֵּרְשׁוּ מְטַמְּאִין שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסְלִים אֶחָד.** הַמִּשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב לְעוֹלָם אַב הַטֻּמְאָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פירשו מטמאין שנים ופוסלין אחד – the person who lies and who sits is always a primary source of ritual defilement, even though they (i.e., the defiling agents) have separated themselves.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:12
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:2:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:2:12)

**טְהוֹרִים.** כִּדְאָמְרִינַן שֶׁכָּל שֶׁהַזָּב נִשָּׂא עָלָיו, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִמִּשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וְהָאָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
טהורים – as we have stated that all that the Zav/person with flux/gonorrhea is carried upon is pure, except for from lying and sitting and the human being.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:1)

**מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ.** כְּלוֹמַר מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמְרוּ הָאֳכָלִים וְהַמַּשְׁקִים וְהַמַּדָּף מִלְּמַטָּה תַּחַת מִשְׁכַּב הַזָּב טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ כָּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא כוּ':

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מפני שאמרו – that is to say, because what they said – that foods and drinks and the indirect contact for conferring ritual impurity from below underneath the lying person [on a bed] with flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav) are ritually pure because of that which they said that whatever carries and is carried [on top of a bed is pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:2)

**כֹּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא.** כְּגוֹן אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין וּמַדָּף שֶׁהֵן לְמַטָּה מִמִּשְׁכַּב הַזָּב וְנוֹשְׂאִים אוֹתוֹ וְאֵינָן נוֹגְעִין בּוֹ, שֶׁיֵּשׁ דְּבָרִים חוֹצְצִים בֵּינְתַיִם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל הנושא – as for example, foods and drinks and indirect contact for conferring ritual impurity which are below from the lying person [on a bed] with flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav) and they carry him, but they don’t touch him for there are things that interpose between them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:3)

**נִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּשְׁכָּב.** שֶׁאֵלּוּ לְמַעְלָה וְהַמִּשְׁכָּב לְמַטָּה וְנִשָּׂא עָלָיו וְאֵין נוֹגְעִין בּוֹ, טְהוֹרִים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
נישא על גבי המשכב – for these are above (i.e., foods and drinks, etc.) and the unclean person lying (i.e., the Zav – the person with flux/gonorrhea) on a bed below, and it is carried upon him, but they (i.e., the objects) do not touch him, they are ritually pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:4)

**חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם.** שֶׁהָאָדָם הַנּוֹשֵׂא הַמִּשְׁכָּב, נִטְמָא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע בּוֹ וְלֹא הִסִּיטוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּשְׁכָּב הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא בְמַשָּׂא. וְכֵן אִם נָתְנוּ אֶבֶן מְסָמָא לְמַעְלָה מִמִּשְׁכָּבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְיָשַׁב אָדָם טָהוֹר עַל הָאֶבֶן, נִטְמָא, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי מִשְׁכָּב. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאִם יָשַׁב הַזָּב עַל הָאֶבֶן נִטְמָא הַמִּשְׁכָּב שֶׁלְּמַטָּה מִן הָאֶבֶן, כָּךְ כְּשֶׁיָּשַׁב הַטָּהוֹר עַל הָאֶבֶן, נִטְמָא וְנִשָּׂא מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מן האדם – that a person who carries the unclean person (i.e., the Zav – the person with flux/gonorrhea) on a bed is defiled even though he did not touch him and did not shake/move him, because the Zav who is lying on a bed defiles through carrying, and similarly, if they placed an immovable stone used for closing a pit above from where the Zav is lying and a ritually pure person sat upon the stone, he is defiled, because he was carried on top of the bed [of a lying Zav/person with flux/gonorrhea]. In the same way as that if the Zav sat on the stone, the bed that is below from the stone is ritually defiled, so when the pure person that sat on the stone is defiled, and he is carried from the defiling bed [of the Zav] that is lying underneath it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:5)

**כֹּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא עַל גַּבֵּי נְבֵלָה.** בְּאָדָם קָמַיְרֵי, כְּלוֹמַר וְכָל אָדָם הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִתָּן עַל גַּבֵּי נְבֵלָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל הנושא על גבי נבילה – it is speaking/dealing with a human being, meaning to say, that any human being who carries or is placed on top of a carrion.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:6)

**טָהוֹר חוּץ מִן הַמַּסִּיט.** דְּנוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַנְּבֵלָה וְלֹא זָז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ גַּם לֹא הֱנִיעָהּ מִמְּקוֹמָהּ אֶלָּא שֶׁמֻּנַּחַת עַל גַּבָּיו, כְּגוֹן שֶׁבָּא חֲבֵרוֹ וְהִנִּיחָהּ עָלָיו, טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיַּסִּיטֶנָּה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
טהור חוץ מן המסיט – that carries the carrion and does not move it from its place, also did not move it from its place but rather that placed it on top of him, as for example, that his friend came and placed it upon him, he is ritually pure, until he shakes/moves it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:7)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר אַף הַנּוֹשֵׂא.** בַּגְּמָרָא מְפָרֵשׁ דְּהָכִי קָאָמַר, וְהוּא שֶׁנּוֹשֵׂא, כְּלוֹמַר אֵין הַמַּסִּיט אֶת הַנְּבֵלָה טָמֵא אֶלָּא כְשֶׁנּוֹשֵׂא אוֹתָהּ, שֶׁנְּבֵלָה לְמַעְלָה וְהוּא לְמַטָּה. אֲבָל אִם הַנְּבֵלָה לְמַטָּה וְהוּא לְמַעְלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמַּסִּיטָהּ, טָהוֹר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נָגַע בָּהּ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר אף הנושא – in the Gemara (Tractate Hullin, folio 124b) it explains that this is what he (Rabbi Eliezer) said: “and he that carries”, meaning to say, the person who shakes/moves the carrion is not ritually impure other than when he carries it, that the carrion is above and he (i.e., the person who carries it) is below, but if the carrion is below and he is above, even though he shakes/moves it, he is ritually pure, all the while that he did not touch it. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:8)

**חוּץ מִן הַמַּאֲהִיל.** שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לִהְיוֹת נוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא וְלֹא יַאֲהִיל, כְּגוֹן עֲלִיָּה מַפְסֶקֶת, שֶׁאִם הַמֵּת בָּעֲלִיָּה וָאֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין וְכֵלִים בַּבַּיִת מַגִּיעִין עַד שְׁמֵי קוֹרָה וְהַנְּסָרִים נִכְפָּפִים מִכֹּבֶד הַמֵּת וּמַכְבִּידִין עַל הַכֵּלִים, אוֹ שֶׁהַמֵּת בַּבַּיִת סָמוּךְ לִשְׁמֵי קוֹרָה וְהַכֵּלִים בָּעֲלִיָּה וְנִכְפָּפִים הַנְּסָרִים שֶׁבָּעֲלִיָּה מִכֹּבֶד הַכֵּלִים וּמַכְבִּידִים עַל הַמֵּת, בִּכְהַאי גַּוְנָא הָוֵי נוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַמֵּת וְאֵינוֹ מַאֲהִיל, וְטָהוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מן המאהיל – that it is possible to be carrying [a corpse] or being carried by [a corpse] but not overshadowing it [with a tent] , as for example, an upper chamber/story forms a partition, that if the corpse is on the upper chamber/story, and foods and drinks and vessels in the house reach until the ceiling, and the planed boards are bent from the weight of the corpse and weigh down upon vessels, or the corpse is in the house adjacent to the ceiling, and the vessels in the upper chamber/story and the planed boards that are in the upper are story/chamber are bent from the weight of the vessels and weigh down upon the corpse, for in this manner, one carries and is carried by on top of the corpse but does not overshadow, and is pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:3:9)

**וְאָדָם בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיט.** בֵּין נוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַמֵּת, בֵּין נִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי מֵת, טָמֵא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם אֵין הַמֵּת זָז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, שֶׁאֵין כָּאן הֶסֵּט, טָהוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואדם בזמן שהוא מסיא – whether he carries the corpse or whether he is carried on top of the corpse, he is ritually pure, even though it (i.e., the corpse) did not touch him, but if the corpse does not move from its place as there is no shaking/movement here, he is ritually pure.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:4:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:4:1)

**מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר.** אֲפִלּוּ אֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁל זָב עַל הַטָּהוֹר, אוֹ אֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁל טָהוֹר עַל הַזָּב, אוֹ חִבּוּרֵי טָמֵא, כְּגוֹן שְׂעָרוֹ וְצִפָּרְנָיו וְשִׁנָּיו, כָּל אֵלּוּ נִקְרָאִין חִבּוּרֵי, אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֵיכָּא אֶלָּא מִעוּט הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר אוֹ מִעוּט הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, נִטְמָא הַטָּהוֹר, דְּלֹא בָעִינַן שֶׁיִּנָּשֵׂא רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל זָב אֶלָּא עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב וְלֹא עַל הָאָדָם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מקצה טמא על הטהור – even the finger of a Zav/person with flux/gonorrhea is on top of the pure person, or the finer of a pure person is on top of the Zav, or a connection, it is impure, as for example, his hair and his fingernail or his teeth, all these are called חיבורי/a connection, junction, even though there isn’t other than a minority of the impure on top of the pure person or a minority of the pure on top of the impure thing, the pure thing is defiled, for we don’t require that he carries the majority of a person with a flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav) other than upon the lying but not upon a person.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:4:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:4:2)

**וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא טָהוֹר.** דְּבָעִינַן שֶׁיִּנָּשֵׂא רֻבּוֹ. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומקצת טהור על הטמא טהור – for we require that he carries its majority. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:1)

**הַטָּמֵא עַל מִקְצָת הַמִּשְׁכָּב.** רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל טָמֵא עַל מִעוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִשְׁכָּב, נִטְמָא הַמִּשְׁכָּב. וְכֵן רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל טָהוֹר עַל מִעוּטוֹ שֶׁל הַמִּשְׁכָּב הַטָּמֵא, נִטְמָא הַטָּהוֹר. וְלֹא חָיְשִׁינַן עַל מִעוּט מִשְׁכָּב, כֵּיוָן דְּרֻבָּא דְטָהוֹר וְרֻבָּא דְטָמֵא יוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו, דִּבְמִעוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִשְׁכָּב טֻמְאָה נִכְנֶסֶת, וּבְמִעוּטוֹ יוֹצֵאת, כִּדְקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא נִמְצֵאת טֻמְאָה נִכְנֶסֶת לוֹ וְיוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ בְּמִעוּטוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הטמא על מקצת המשכב – the majority of a impure person on a minority of the lying bed [of a Zav], the lying bed is defiled. And similarly, the greater part of a ritually pure person on the lesser part of a defiled bed, the ritually pure person is defiled. But we are not concerned of the lesser part of bed defiled, since the majority of it is ritually pure and the majority that the impure sits upon it, for with the lesser part of the thing that the defilement enters, and with its lesser part it departs, as is taught in the concluding clause [in this segment of the Mishnah]: "נמצאת טומאה נכנסת לו ויוצאת ממנו בטומאתו"/”it turns out that uncleanness enters it and leaves it through its lesser part.”


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:2)

**מִקְצָת הַטָּמֵא עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב.** כֵּיוָן דְּמִעוּטוֹ שֶׁל טָמֵא הוּא, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשְׁעָן עַל כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּב, טָהוֹר הַמִּשְׁכָּב, עַד שֶׁיִּנָּשֵׂא עָלָיו רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל זָב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מקצת הטמא על המשכב – since that it is the lesser part of the impure person, even though that he leans on all of the bed, the bed is pure, until the greater part of the person with flux/gonorrhea (i.e., the Zav) is carried upon it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:3)

**וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב.** כְּלוֹמַר אוֹ מִקְצָת טָהוֹר אֲפִלּוּ עַל כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּב:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ומקצת טהור על המשכב – that is to say or the lesser part of the pure person even on the entire bed.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:4)

**טָהוֹר.** עַד שֶׁיִּשָּׁעֵן עָלָיו רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל טָהוֹר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
טהור – until the greater of the part of the ritual pure person leans upon it.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:5)

**וְכֵן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה.** אַמַּתְנִיתִין דִּלְעֵיל קָאֵי, דִּתְנַן כָּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּשְׁכָּב, טָהוֹר. וַאֲפִלּוּ אֳכָלִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אִם נִשְּׂאוּ עַל גַּבֵּי מִשְׁכָּב וְיֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן דָּבָר חוֹצֵץ אֲפִלּוּ הוּא דַק בְּיוֹתֵר כְּגוֹן נְיָר וְכַיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, אֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב, דְּאֵין מְטַמֵּא אֲחֵרִים וְלֹא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה בְּהֶסֵּט אֶלָּא דָבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכן ככר של תרומה – it is referring to the Mishnah above (see Tractate Zavim, Chapter 5, Mishnah 3) as it teaches in the Mishnah: "כל הנושא ונישא על גבי המשכב טהור חוץ מן האדם"/”Whatever carries and is carried on top of a bed is clean.” And even food of priest’s due/heave-offering, if it was carried on top of the bed and there is between them something that interposes, even if it is the most thin like [a piece of] paper and similar to it, they are not susceptible to receive ritual defilement from the bed, for it doesn’t defile others and is not susceptible to receive defilement through shaking/moving other than something that has the breath of life (i.e., a human).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:5:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:5:6)

**וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמֵּא בָזוֹ.** הוֹאִיל וּמְקוֹמָהּ טָמֵא, מְטַמֵּא בְהֶסֵּט אֲפִלּוּ דָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ור' שמעון מטמא בזו – since its place is impure, it defiles through shaking/moving, even something that does not have the breath of life. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:6:1)

**הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב וּבְזָבָה כוּ'.** כָּל הָנֵי שָׁוֶה מַגָּעָן לְמַשָּׂאָן דִּמְטַמְּאוּ אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, הִלְכָּךְ חֲשִׁיבֵי אַב הַטֻּמְאָה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא פֵרְשׁוּ, מֵאַחַר דִּמְטַמְּאוּ בְגָדִים, וּלְכָךְ הַנּוֹגֵעַ עוֹשֶׂה רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִי וּפוֹסֵל שְׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנוגע בזב ובזבה וכו' – each of these are equivalent regarding their contact/touching to their carrying in that they defile a person to defile clothing, therefore, they are considered a primary source of ritual defilement all the while that they didn’t separate from them, for after [being in contact] it defiles clothing, and therefore, a person who touches it makes himself first remove (i.e., first-degree of ritual impurity) and second remove and invalidates/makes unfit heave-offering/priest’s due through third remove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:6:2)

**פֵּרַשׁ.** מִמְּטַמְּאָיו, אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן בְּעָלְמָא וּמְטַמֵּא אֶחָד לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ שֵׁנִי, וּפוֹסֵל שְׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פירש – [he separates] from what defiles him, he is none other than a mere first-degree of ritual impurity and defiles something to make it second-degree of ritual impurity, and makes heave-offering/priest’s due unfit in the third remove.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:6:3)

**וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט וְאֶחָד הַנּוֹשֵׂא.** וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן נוֹגְעִים. זָב וְזָבָה וְנִדָּה בְּהֶדְיָא כְתִיבֵי, דִּכְתִיב זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַזָּב וְגוֹ'‏ וְהַדָּוָה בְּנִדָּתָהּ. וּמְצֹרָע וְיוֹלֶדֶת נַפְקָא לָן מִלַּזָּכָר וְלַנְּקֵבָה, לַזָּכָר לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַמְצֹרָע, וְלַנְּקֵבָה לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַיּוֹלֶדֶת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואחד המסיט, ואחד הנושא – and even though they do not touch, the man with a flux/gonorrhea and a woman with a flux and a menstruant woman are explicitly written, as it is written (Leviticus 15:31-32): “Such is the ritual concerning him who has a discharge, [concerning him who has an emission of semen and becomes impure thereby], and concerning her who is in menstrual infirmity, [and concerning anyone, male or female, who has a discharge, and concerning a man who lies with an impure woman],” but the leper and the woman who has given birth we derive from (Leviticus 15:32): "לזכר ולנקבה"/”and concerning anyone, male or female, who has a discharge,” [the word] "לזכר"/for the man – to include the leper and [the word] "לנקבה"/or female to include the woman who has given birth to a child.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:7:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:7:1)

**וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט.** הַמֵּזִיז אוֹתָהּ מִמְּקוֹמָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא נוֹגֵעַ וְלֹא נוֹשֵׂא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ואחד המסיט – who moves/shakes her from her place even though he doesn’t touch or carry [her].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:7:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:7:2)

**רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר אַף הַנּוֹשֵׂא.** וְהוּא שֶׁנּוֹשֵׂא קָאָמַר, כְּלוֹמַר אֵין הַמַּסִּיט טָמֵא אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נוֹשֵׂא, שֶׁהֵן לְמַעְלָה וְהַמַּסִּיט לְמַטָּה. וְאֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
רבי אליעזר אומר אף הנושא – and it speaks of one who carries, meaning to say, that the person who moves/shakes is not ritually impure unless he carries it, that they are above and the person doing the moving/shaking is below. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:8:1)

**הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַמֶּרְכָּב.** בְּנוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַמֶּרְכָּב כְּתִיב כִּבּוּס בְּגָדִים, וְלֹא בְנוֹגֵעַ, וְאֵין נוֹגֵעַ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן בְּעָלְמָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנושא את המרכב (he who carries the saddle/riding seat) – in carrying the riding seat, it is written (Leviticus 15:9-10): “[Any means for riding that one with a discharge has mounted shall be impure; whoever touches anything that was under him shall be impure until evening;] and whoever carries such things shall wash his clothes, [bathe in water and remain impure until evening],” but not touching/coming into contact with it. But the person who touches it is not other than a mere first degree of ritual impurity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:8:2)

**הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַנְּבֵלָה.** הַיְנוּ מַסִּיט, דְּנוֹשֵׂא בְּלֹא מַסִּיט, טָהוֹר כְּדִפְרִישִׁית לְעֵיל. וְנוֹגֵעַ נַמִּי בִּנְבֵלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, כֵּיוָן דְּלֹא מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, דְּאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן בְּעָלְמָא וּמְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הנושא את הנבילה – that is he moves/shakes it, for carrying without shaking/moving, that person is ritually pure, as we have explained above (see Tractate Zavim, Chapter 5, Mishnah 3:"כל הנושא ונישא על הנבילה – טהור חוץ מן מסיט"/”Whatever carries or is carried on top of a carrion is clean, except for him who shifts/shakes it.” And one who also touches a carrion even though it is ritually impure, since it does not defile clothing, it does not defile two removes (i.e., makes things first degree of ritual impurity and makes non-holy produce second degree of ritual impurity) nor invalidate/make unfit one (i.e., priest’s due/heave offering becomes unfit as it is made third-degree of ritual impurity), it is not other than merely first degree of ritual impurity and it defiles one (i.e., making non-holy produce second-degree of ritual impurity) and invalidates one (i..e, making priest’s due/heave-offering third degree of ritual impurity).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:8:3)

**מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה.** מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים בְּמַשָּׂא אֲבָל לֹא בְמַגָּע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
מי חטאת שיש בהן כדי הזייה – they defile clothing through carrying but not through touching/contact.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:9:1)

**וְהִיא בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה.** כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְכֵיוָן דִּמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והוא בבית הבליעה (and it is in the esophagus/gullet) – all the time that it (i.e., the food) is in the esophagus it defiles clothing, and since it defiles clothing, it defiles two things (i.e., it’s law is like that of a primary source of ritual defilement – that it makes something first degree of ritual impurity and a first makes non-holy produce second-degree of ritual impurity) and invalidates/makes unfit one (i.e., something second degree of ritual impurity makes priest’s due/heave offering unfit).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:9:2)

**הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ בַּאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר.** אַף עַל גַּב דְּקַיְמָא נִבְלַת הָעוֹף עִם בֵּית הַבְּלִיעָה שֶׁל הָאוֹכֵל הַכֹּל בַּאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, אֲפִלּוּ הָכִי טָהוֹר, דְּמֵחֲמַת הָאָדָם לֹא מִטַּמֵּא הַתַּנּוּר, דְּכָל הַמְטַמְּאִים בְּגָדִים אֵין מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס. וּמֵחֲמַת נִבְלַת הָעוֹף לֹא מִטַּמֵּא, דְּאֵין לָהּ טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא לָאָדָם בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הכניס ראשו באויר התנור – even though the carrion of the bird exists with the esophagus/gullet of the person who eats it, everything is in the airspace of the over, nevertheless, it (i.e., the oven) is ritually pure. For the oven is not defiled on account of the person, for everything that defiles clothing does not defile humans and earthenware vessels. But because of the carrion of a clean bird it does not become defiled, for it lacks defilement other than the person in his esophagus/gullet.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:9:3)

**הֱקִיאָהּ אוֹ שֶׁבְּלָעָהּ.** הַיְנוּ פֵּרַשׁ. דְּמִשֶּׁיָּרְדָה לַבֶּטֶן אֵין לָהּ טֻמְאָה, וּכְשֶׁהִיא לְתוֹךְ פִּיו אֵין לָהּ טֻמְאָה, דְּלֹא יֹאכַל כְּתִיב (ויקרא כב), אֲכִילָה בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
הקיאה או שבלעה (he vomited it out or swallowed it) – that is he separated from it. That from when it (i.e., the food particles of the carrion of the clean bird) descended to the stomach, it has no defilement, and when it is in his mouth, it has no defilement, for it is written (Leviticus 17:15): “[Any person, whether citizen or stranger,] who eats what has died/"[וכל נפש] אשר תאכל [נבלה]" for it is written, “who has not eaten” – food in the esophagus/gullet.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:10:1)

**וּבִנְבֵלָה וּבְמֶרְכָּב.** כָּל הָנֵי בְּמַשָּׂא בִּלְבַד מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים וְלֹא בְמַגָּע, הִלְכָּךְ אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא פֵרַשׁ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן, וּמְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובנבילה ובמרכב – all of these are through carrying alone that they defile clothing, but not through touching/coming into contact. Therefore, a person who touches them even though he did not separate is not other than first-degree of Levitical impurity, and he defiles one (making non-holy produce second-degree of ritual impurity) and invalidates/makes unfit one (i.e., heave offering becomes unfit as it becomes third-degree of ritual impurity).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:10:2)

**כֹּל הַנּוֹגֵעַ.** כְּגוֹן אֳכָלִים וְכֵלִים. דַּאֲפִלּוּ בְאוֹתָן שֶׁאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בָּהֶן מְטַמְּאִים אֶחָד וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד וַאֲפִלּוּ בִשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
כל הנוגע- as for example food and vessels, for even with those that a person touches defiles two and invalidates/makes unfit one vessels that touch them defile one and invalidate one, and even at the time of their contact/touching.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:10:3)

**חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם.** דְּיֵשׁ מֵהֶן דְּאִם נָגַע בָּהֶן אוֹ נָשָׂא דִּמְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, כִּי הָנֵי דְַאֲמַרַן לְעֵיל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
חוץ מן האדם – that there is from them that if he touched them or carried, that he (as he is first-degree of ritual defilement) defiles two (making non-holy produce second-degree of ritual defilement) and invalidates one (making priest’s due/heave offering third degree of ritual impurity), like those that we stated above.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:10:4)

**פֵּרַשׁ.** אֲפִלּוּ אָדָם, בְּכֻלְּהוּ מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, דְּכֵיוָן דְּפֵרַשׁ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
פירש – even a person, in all of them he defiles one (as he is first-degree of ritual impurity, making non-holy produce second degree of ritual impurity) and invalidates one (priest’s due/heave offering becoming unfit for use), for since he separated from it, he is not other than first-degree of ritual impurity.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:11:1)

**בַּעַל קֶרִי כְּמַגַּע שֶׁרֶץ.** כְּשֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ בַּשֶּׁרֶץ רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, כָּךְ בַּעַל קֶרִי רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה, וְטֻמְאָתוֹ שָׁוָה לְטֻמְאַת הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
בעל קרי כמגע שרץ – just as a person who touches a creeping insect/reptile is first degree of ritual impurity, so also the person with an nocturnal emission/pollution is a first degree of ritual impurity, and his defilement is comparable to the defilement of someone who touches effusion of semen.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:11:2)

**וּבוֹעֵל נִדָּה כִּטְמֵא מֵת.** שֶׁהוּא אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וְטָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
ובועל נדה כטמא מת – which is one of the primary sources/causes of Levitical uncleanness and is ritually impure for a period of seven days.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:11:3)

**שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב.** וּמֵת עַצְמוֹ וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן טְמֵא מֵת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, לֹא טֻמְאָה קַלָּה וְלֹא טֻמְאָה חֲמוּרָה, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא טו) וְכָל הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר יֵשֵׁב עָלָיו, הַזָּב, וְלֹא טְמֵא מֵת:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
שהוא מטמא משכב ומושב – and a corpse itself and all the more so someone with ritual impurity imparted by a corpse does not defile by sitting or lying, neither a minor defilement nor a stringent defilement, as it is written (Leviticus 15:3): “and every object on which he sits [shall be impure],” but not someone defiled by a contact with a corpse (see also, Tractate Kelim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 3).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:1
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:1)

**אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה.** מִדְּרַבָּנָן. וְכֻלְּהוּ מִשְּׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר שֶׁגָּזְרוּ בּוֹ בַיּוֹם. חוּץ מִטְּבוּל יוֹם דְּמִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא הוּא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
אלו פוסלים את התרומה – from/according to the Rabbis. And all of it is from the eight things that they decreed בו ביום/on that selfsame day (that Rabban Gamaliel was deposed as the head of the Sanhedrin -see Talmud Berakhot 28a [see the Bartenura commentary to Tractate Shabbat, Chapter 1, Mishnah 4, also Tractate Shabbat 13b – our Mishnah lists nine of the fourteen of them], except for [the law regarding] the טבול יום/the one who immersed himself that day which is from the Torah.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:2
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:2)

**הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל.** שֶׁהוּא רִאשׁוֹן לַטֻּמְאָה אוֹ שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה, גָּזְרוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא גוּפוֹ שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה, וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה בְּמַגָּעוֹ, שֶׁשֵּׁנִי פוֹסֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
האוכל אוכל (he who eats food) – that is first degree of ritual defilement or second degree of ritual defilement, they decreed that his body is second degree of ritual defilement, and it invalidates the heave-offering/priest’s due with his contact, touching, for second degree of ritual defilement makes priest’s due/heave-offering unfit.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:3
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:3)

**וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים.** נַעֲשָׂה גַם כֵּן שֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. וְטַעֲמָא דְגַזּוּר רַבָּנָן בְּהָנֵי, דְּזִמְנִין דְּאָכִיל אֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים, וְשָׁדֵי מַשְׁקִים דִּתְרוּמָה בְּפֻמֵּיהּ בְּעוֹד שֶׁהָאֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים בְּפִיו, וּפָסֵיל לְהוּ. וְכֵן נַמִּי זִמְנִין דְּשָׁתֵי מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, וְשָׁדֵי אֳכָלִים דִּתְרוּמָה בְּפֻמֵּיהּ בְּעוֹדָן בְּפִיו, וּפָסֵיל לְהוּ:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והשותה משקים טמאים – it becomes also second degree of ritual impurity, and makes the priest’s due/heave-offering unfit/invalid, and the reason that the Rabbis decreed on these, is that sometimes, when a person eats unclean foods and pours liquid of heave-offering in his mouth while the foods are impure in his mouth, and invalidates them. And also, sometimes that he drinks impure liquids and pours foods of heave-offering/priest’s due in his mouth while they are still in his mouth, invalidating them.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:4
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:4)

**וְהַבָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ.** לְאַחַר שֶׁטָּבַל בּוֹ בַיּוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והבא ראשו ורובו – after he immersed [in a Mikveh[ on that same day.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:5
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:5)

**בְּמַיִם שְׁאוּבִין.** לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ טוֹבְלִים בְּמֵי מְעָרוֹת סְרוּחִים וְהָיוּ נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶם אַחַר כָּךְ מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין לְהַעֲבִיר סִרְחוֹן הַמַּיִם, הִתְחִילוּ וַעֲשָׂאוּם קֶבַע לוֹמַר לֹא מֵי הַמְּעָרוֹת מְטַהֲרִים אֶלָּא מַיִם שְׁאוּבִים מְטַהֲרִים, עָמְדוּ וְגָזְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טֻמְאָה, דִּלְמָא אָתוּ לְבַטּוֹלֵי תּוֹרַת מִקְוֶה וְטָבְלֵי בִשְׁאוּבִים, וּכְדֵי לְקַיֵּם גְּזֵרָה זוֹ לְהַעֲמִידָהּ, הוֹסִיפוּ וְגָזְרוּ עַל טָהוֹר גָּמוּר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ [וְרֻבּוֹ] שְׁלֹשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה פוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיִּטְבֹּל:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
במים שאובין – because they would immerse in the badly smelling/decaying waters of caves and they would put upon them afterwards drawn waters to remove to bad-smelling/decaying waters, they began and made a fixed rule to state that the waters of caves do not purify but rather [only] drawn waters purify; they (i.e., the Rabbis) stood and decreed defilement upon them [who used those waters], for perhapsthey would come to annul the law of Mikveh and immerse in drawn waters, and in order to fulfill this decree to establish it, they added to it and decreed on a person completely pure who had three LOG of drawn waters that fell upon him, that he would invalidate the heave-offering/priest’s due until he immersed [in a ritual bath].


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:6
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:6)

**וְהַסֵּפֶר.** כָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה בְּמַגָּע. לְפִי שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה הָיוּ מַצְנִיעִים אֳכָלִים דִּתְרוּמָה אֵצֶל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, אָמְרֵי הַאי קֹדֶשׁ וְהַאי קֹדֶשׁ, כֵּיוָן דְּחָזוּ דְּקָא אָתוּ סְפָרִים לִידֵי פְסֵידָא שֶׁהָעַכְבָּרִים הַמְּצוּיִין אֵצֶל הָאֳכָלִים הָיוּ מַפְסִידִים אֶת הַסְּפָרִים, גָּזְרוּ עַל תּוֹרָה נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ פוֹסְלִים בְּמַגָּעָן אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והספר – all Holy Writings/Scrolls defile the priest’s due/heave offering through contact. Because at the outset, they would hide food of priest’s due/heave offering next to a Torah Scroll saying “this is Holy and that is Holy,” since they saw that Scrolls would come to loss, that the mice that are found near the food would ruin/cause loss to the Scrolls, they decreed on the Torah, Prophets and Writings (i.e., the three portions of Scripture) would defile the priest’s due/heave-offering through their contact.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:7
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:7)

**וּטְבוּל יוֹם.** פּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ. וְאֵינוֹ מִשְּׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר שֶׁגָּזְרוּ בּוֹ בַיּוֹם:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וטבול יום – invalidates the priest’s due/heave-offering from the Torah until his sunset arrives. But this is not from the eighteen decrees that they (i.e., the Rabbis) decreed on that day (see the Bartenura commentary to Tractate Shabbat, Chapter 1, Mishnah 4).


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:8
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:8)

**וְהָאֳכָלִים.** שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִים. חֲכָמִים גָּזְרוּ עַל הַמַּשְׁקִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְּשֵׁנִי לַטֻּמְאָה, לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה, וִיטַמְּאוּ אֶת הָאֳכָלִים, גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקִין הַבָּאִין מֵחֲמַת שֶׁרֶץ שֶׁהֵם תְּחִלָּה מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא. וְלָמָּה לֹא גָזְרוּ עַל הָאֳכָלִים נַמִּי לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם אֳכָלִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת שֶׁרֶץ, לְפִי שֶׁהָאֳכָלִים הֵן צְרִיכִין הֶכְשֵׁר וְאֵין מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי בִּיאַת מַיִם, אֲבָל הַמַּשְׁקִין הֵן עֲלוּלִים לְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה וְאֵין צְרִיכִין הֶכְשֵׁר וְתִקּוּן, וְטֻמְאָתָן יוֹתֵר מְצוּיָה:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
והאוכלים – that were defiled by liquids. The Sages decreed on the liquids that were defiled by second degree of ritual impurity, to become first-degree, and that they would defile the foods. It is a decree because liquids that come on account of a defiling reptile/insect which are first-degree according to the Torah. But why did not decree on foods also to become first-degree? It is a decree because of foods that come on account of an insect/defiling reptile, because the foods require fitness to become unclean (which arises from contact with certain liquids), but they are not susceptible to receive defilement other than through coming in water, but the liquids are liable/likely to be susceptible to receive defilement and do not require fitness to become unclean nor repair, and their defilement is found more.


###### Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:9
[Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim 5:12:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Mishnah%20Zavim/r/5:12:9)

**וְכֵלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִין.** דְּמִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא אֲפִלּוּ נִטְמְאוּ הַמַּשְׁקִים בְּשֶׁרֶץ אֵין מְטַמְּאִין כֵּלִים, דְּאֵין אָדָם וְכֵלִים מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא מֵאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, וְרַבָּנָן גָּזְרוּ אֲפִלּוּ עַל מַשְׁקִין שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ מֵחֲמַת יָדַיִם שֶׁהֵן שְׁנִיּוֹת, שֶׁיְּטַמְּאוּ כֵלִים, גְּזֵרָה מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה דְזָב וְזָבָה, כְּגוֹן רֻקָּן וּמֵימֵי רַגְלֵיהֶן שֶׁהֵן אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וּמְטַמְּאִין כֵּלִים מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא:

**Bartenura on Mishnah, trans. by Rabbi Robert Alpert, 2020:**
וכלים שנטמאו במשקין – that according to the Torah, even if the liquids were defiled by a reptile/insect (i.e., creeping animal), they do not defile vessels, for humans and vessels are not susceptible to receive ritual defilement other than from a primary source of ritual impurity, but the Rabbis decreed that even on liquids that were defiled on account of hands which are second-degree of ritual impurity, that they would defile vessels, as a decree because of the liquid of a person with gonorrhea/זב or a woman with a flux/זבה, as for example, their spittle and their urine, which are a primary source of ritual impurity and defile vessels according to the Torah.