## Bartenura on Pirkei Avot Chapter 3

###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:1:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:1:1)

**עֲקַבְיָא.** מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה. טִפַּת שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת הָעִבּוּר אֵינָהּ סְרוּחָה, שֶׁאֵינָהּ מַסְרַחַת בְּרֶחֶם הָאִשָּׁה עַד לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים וּכְשֶׁתַּסְרִיחַ אֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לְהַזְרִיעַ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם קָרֵי לָהּ טִפָּה סְרוּחָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא קְרוֹבָה לְהַסְרִיחַ מִיָּד כְּשֶׁהִיא חוּץ לִמְעֵי הָאִשָּׁה. וְהַמִּסְתַּכֵּל שֶׁבָּא מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה, נִצּוֹל מִן הַגַּאֲוָה. וְהַמִּסְתַּכֵּל שֶׁעָתִיד לֵילֵךְ לִמְקוֹם עָפָר רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה, נִצּוֹל מִן הַתַּאֲוָה וְהַחֶמְדָּה אֶל הַמָּמוֹן. וְהַמִּסְתַּכֵּל שֶׁעָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן, פּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַחֵטְא וְאֵינוֹ נִכְשָׁל בָּעֲבֵרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Akavia: "From a putrid (spoiled) drop":** A drop of semen. And even though at the time of conception, it is not spoiled - as it does not become spoiled in the womb of a woman until after three days, and when it is spoiled it is no longer fit to fertilize - nonetheless, he called it a spoiled drop because it is close to spoiling immediately when it is outside of the innards of the woman. And one who keeps his eye on that which he came from a putrid drop will be saved from pride. And one who keeps his eye on that which he is destined to go "to a place of dust, worms, and maggots," will be saved from desire, and from lust for money. And one who keeps his eye on that which he is destined to "give an account and a reckoning," will separate [himself] from sin, and will not stumble in iniquity.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:2:1)

**בִּשְׁלוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מַלְכוּת.** וַאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁל אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"For the welfare of the government:"** and even [that] of the nations of the world.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:2:2)

**חַיִּים בְּלָעוֹ.** דִּכְתִיב (חבקוק א) וַתַּעֲשֶׂה אָדָם כִּדְגֵי הַיָּם, מַה דָּגִים שֶׁבַּיָּם כָּל הַגָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ בּוֹלֵעַ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, אַף בְּנֵי אָדָם אִלְמָלֵא מוֹרָאָהּ שֶׁל מַלְכוּת כָּל הַגָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ בּוֹלֵעַ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ (עבודה זרה ד.):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"would swallow alive:"** As it is written (Habakkuk 1:14) "And you make man like the fish of the sea" - just like the fish of the sea, each one that is bigger than his fellow swallows his fellow; so too people, were it not for the fear of the government, each one who is bigger than his fellow would swallow his fellow (Avodah Zarah 4a).


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:2:3)

**יִרְאֵי ה' אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ.** הֲרֵי כָּאן שְׁנַיִם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**“'those who feared the Lord one with another'":** Behold, there are two here [that this verse is speaking about].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:2:4)

**וְיִדֹּם.** לְשׁוֹן קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַּקָּה, כְּדֶרֶךְ הַשּׁוֹנֶה יְחִידִי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹנֶה בְּלַחַשׁ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**“'and is silent (*vayidom*'":** It is a term [related to the usage], *kol demamah dakah* (a still-small voice). As the way of one who learns alone is to learn while whispering.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:2:5)

**כִּי נָטַל עָלָיו.** כְּאִלּוּ נְתִינַת כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ הָיְתָה בַּעֲבוּרוֹ בִּלְבַד:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'since he takes [a reward] for it'”:** As if the giving of the entire Torah was for his sake alone.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:3:1)

**וְלֹא אָמְרוּ עָלָיו דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה.** וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁמְּבָרְכִים עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, יוֹצְאִין יְדֵי חוֹבָתָן, וְחָשׁוּב כְּאִלּוּ אָמְרוּ עָלָיו דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה. כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And did not say upon it words of Torah":** And with the Grace after Meals that we bless upon the table, we fulfill our obligation. And it is considered as if we said words of Torah upon it. So have I heard.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:3:2)

**מִזִּבְחֵי מֵתִים.** תִּקְרֹבֶת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, דִּכְתִיב (תהלים קו) וַיִּצָּמְדוּ לְבַעַל פְּעוֹר וַיֹּאכְלוּ זִבְחֵי מֵתִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"from the offerings of the dead":** [This means] the sacrifices of idol worship, as it is written (Psalms 106:28), "And they became attached to Baal Peor and they ate from the offerings of the dead."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:3:3)

**מָלְאוּ קִיא צֹאָה.** וַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה קְרוּיָה צֹאָה, דִּכְתִיב (ישעיה ל) צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'full of vomit and feces'":** And idol worship is called feces, as is stated (Isaiah 30:22), "feces shall you say to him."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:3:4)

**בְּלִי מָקוֹם.** בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּירוּ שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'without the Omnipresent'":** Because they did not mention the name of the Omnipresent, may he be blessed, upon the table.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:3:5)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר וַיְּדַבֵּר אֵלַי זֶה הַשֻּׁלְחָן אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה'.** מִיָּד כְּשֶׁדִּבֵּר בְּדִבְרֵי תּוֹרָה נִקְרָא שֻׁלְחָן אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה'. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים מֵרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא הוּא יוֹצֵא, דִּכְתִיב וְהַמִּזְבֵּחַ עֵץ שָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת, אַל תִּקְרֵי אַמּוֹת אֶלָּא אִמּוֹת, כְּמוֹ יֵשׁ אֵם לַמִּקְרָא, שָׁלֹשׁ כְּנֶגֶד תּוֹרָה נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים, וְאָמְרֵי לַהּ מִקְרָא מִשְׁנָה וְתַלְמוּד. שֶׁצָּרִיךְ אָדָם לְדַבֵּר בָּהֶן עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְאָז קָרוּי שֻׁלְחָן אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה'. כָּךְ פֵּרֵשׁ רַשִׁ"י:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"as it is said (Ezekiel 41:22), 'And he said to me, this is the table that is before the Lord'":** Immediately when he speaks words of Torah, it is called a "table that is before the Lord." And some say that it comes out from the beginning of the verse, as it is written, "The altar is three amot" - do not read [it as] amot, but rather *eemot* (mothers or foundations), as in, there is a foundation (priority) to how a verse is written. Three corresponds to Torah, Prophets and Writings; and some say to Sripture, Mishnah and Talmud - [meaning] that a person must speak about them over the table, and then it is called "a table that is before the Lord." So explained Rashi.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:4:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:4:1)

**הַנֵּעוֹר בַּלַּיְלָה וְהַמְהַלֵּךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ יְחִידִי.** וּמְחַשֵּׁב בְּלִבּוֹ דִּבְרֵי הֲבַאי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"He who stays awake at night, and who wanders on a road alone":** and thinks about idle things in his heart.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:4:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:4:2)

**הֲרֵי זֶה מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ.** לְפִי שֶׁלַּיְלָה הוּא זְמַן לַמַּזִּיקִים, וְהַמְהַלֵּךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ יְחִידִי הוּא בְּסַכָּנָה מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים וְכַמָּה פְּגָעִים רָעִים, וְאִם הָיָה מְחַשֵּׁב בְּדִבְרֵי תּוֹרָה הָיְתָה מְשַׁמַּרְתּוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"this one is liable for [forfeiture of] his life":** As night is the time of demons, and one who wanders on a road alone is in danger because of the brigands and several [other] bad occurrences; and if he had been thinking about words of Torah, it would have guarded him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:5:1)

**עֹל מַלְכוּת.** מַשָּׂא מֶלֶךְ וְשָׂרִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"The yoke of government":** [meaning] the burden [placed upon him by] a king and ministers.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:5:2)

**דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ.** עֲמַל וְטֹרַח הַפַּרְנָסָה, לְפִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ מִתְבָּרֶכֶת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"the way of the world (*derekh erets*)":** [meaning] the toil and strain of a livelihood. [He is released from this,] because his work becomes blessed.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:5:3)

**הַפּוֹרֵק מִמֶּנּוּ עֹל תּוֹרָה.** הָאוֹמֵר קָשֶׁה עֻלָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה וְאֵינִי יָכוֹל לְסוֹבְלָהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And one who casts from himself the yoke of Torah":** One who says, "The yolk of Torah is too hard and I cannot endure it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:6:1)

**עֲשָׂרָה שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים בַּדִּין.** גָּרְסִינַן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Ten who are sitting in judgement":** is the textual variant we [follow].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:6:2)

**בַּעֲדַת אֵל.** וְאֵין עֵדָה פְּחוּתָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּמְרַגְּלִים (במדבר יד) עַד מָתַי לָעֵדָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת, יָצְאוּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב, הֲרֵי עֲשָׂרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**:"'in the congregation of God'”:** And there is no 'congregation' (*edah*) that is less than ten. As it is stated with the [twelve] scouts (Numbers 14:27), "Until when will this evil congregation": subtracting Yehoshua and Calev, behold, ten.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:6:3)

**וּמִנַּיִן אֲפִלּוּ חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּקֶרֶב אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁפֹּט.** שְׁלֹשָׁה דַּיָּנִים וּשְׁנֵי בַּעֲלֵי דִּינִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And from where [is there proof that this is true] even [when there are only] five? As it is said (Psalms 82:1), 'In the midst of judges He judges'”:** Three judges and two litigants.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:6:4)

**וּמִנַּיִן אֲפִלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַאֲגֻדָּתוֹ עַל אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ.** הָאֵשׁ וְהָאֲוִיר וְהַמַּיִם שֶׁהֵם שְׁלֹשָׁה, עַל אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ, עַל יְסוֹד הָאָרֶץ הֵם מַקִּיפִים. הֲרֵי לְךָ שֶׁשְּׁלֹשָׁה קְרוּיִין אֲגֻדָּה. אִי נַמִּי, מָצִינוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה קְרוּיִין אֲגֻדָּה, אֲגֻדַּת אֵזוֹב שֶׁהֵם שְׁלֹשָׁה קְלָחִים. וְיֵשׁ סְפָרִים שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֵן וּמִנַּיִן אֲפִלּוּ חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַאֲגֻדָּתוֹ עַל אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ, שֶׁאָדָם אוֹגֵד בְּיָדוֹ אַחַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ חָמֵשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, וּכְלַל אֶצְבָּעוֹת שֶׁבַּיָּד קְרוּיִין אֲגֻדָּה. וּבְרֹאשׁ הַמִּקְרָא הוּא אוֹמֵר, הַבּוֹנֶה בַּשָּׁמַיִם מַעֲלוֹתָיו, כְּלוֹמַר הַשְּׁכִינָה שֶׁהִיא בַּשָּׁמַיִם יוֹרֶדֶת לְמַטָּה לָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם אֲגֻדָּה עוֹסְקִים בַּתּוֹרָה. וּמִנַּיִן אֲפִלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּקֶרֶב אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁפֹּט, שֶׁהַדַּיָּנִים הֵם שְׁלֹשָׁה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And from where even three? As it is said, 'And He has founded His band upon the earth'”:** Fire and air and water - which are three - "He has founded upon the earth;" [as they] surround the fundamental element of earth. Behold to you, three are called a "band." And also (another explanation is) we have found that three are called a band [with] a "band of hyssop," which are three stalks. And some books have written in them, "From where [is there proof that this is true] even [when there are only] five? As it is said (Amos 9:6), 'and He has founded His band upon the earth'”; as a man bands together [things] into his one hand, which has five fingers; and [so] the group of fingers in the hand is called a band. And in the beginning of the verse it states, "He Who builds His upper chambers in the heavens," which is to say [that] the Divine Presence - which is in the heavens - comes down to the earth when there is a band there, that is involved with Torah. [And the continuation of this textual variant is:] "From where even three? As it is said (Psalms 82:1), 'In the midst of judges He judges.'”


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:6:5)

**כִּי נָטַל עָלָיו.** לְשׁוֹן סְכָךְ. תַּרְגּוּם וְסַכּוֹתָ, וְתַטֵּל, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהַשְּׁכִינָה סוֹכֶכֶת עָלָיו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'since he takes (*natal*) for it'”:** [It is] an expression of covering: the [Aramaic] translation of (Exodus 40:3) "and you will cover" is '*vetatel*;' which is to say the Divine Presence hovers upon him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:7:1)

**תֵּן לוֹ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ.** לֹא תִּמָּנַע מִלְּהִתְעַסֵּק בְּחֶפְצֵי שָׁמַיִם בֵּין בְּגוּפְךָ בֵּין בְּמָמוֹנְךָ, [שֶׁאֵינְךָ נוֹתֵן מִשֶּׁלְּךָ, לֹא מִגּוּפְךָ וְלֹא מִמָּמוֹנְךָ], שֶׁאַתָּה וּמָמוֹנְךָ שֶׁלּוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Give Him from what is His":** Do not prevent yourself from being involved in matters of Heaven, whether with your body or whether with your money (as you are not giving from yours, not from your body and not form your money), as you and your money are His.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:7:2)

**מַה נָּאֶה אִילָן זֶה מַה נָּאֶה נִיר זֶה.** הוּא הַדִּין לְכָל שִׂיחָה בְּטֵלָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבֵּר בַּהֹוֶה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הוֹלְכֵי דְּרָכִים לְדַבֵּר בְּמַה שֶּׁרוֹאִים בְּעֵינֵיהֶם. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, דְּאַשְׁמוֹעִינַן רְבוּתָא דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּעַל יְדֵי כֵן הוּא מְבָרֵךְ בָּרוּךְ שֶׁכָּכָה לוֹ בְּעוֹלָמוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִפְסִיק מִמִּשְׁנָתוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'How lovely is this tree! And how lovely is this newly plowed field'":** This is true of all idle talk, but it is speaking according to what is common; as it is the way of wayfarers to speak about what they see with their eyes. And some say that it comes to make us understand a novelty: that even though through this, he will make the blessing, 'Blessed is He, Who it is like this in His world;' nonetheless, Scripture considers it as if he was liable for his life, because he interrupted his study.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:7:3)

**נִיר.** תֶּלֶם הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, כְּמוֹ נִירוּ לָכֶם נִיר (ירמיה ד):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'*nir* (newly plowed field)'":** The furrow of a plow, as in (Jeremiah 4:3), "plow for yourselves a furrow."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:8:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:8:1)

**כָּל הַשּׁוֹכֵחַ דָּבָר אֶחָד מִמִּשְׁנָתוֹ.** בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא חָזַר עָלֶיהָ, מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ. שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שִׁכְחָתוֹ הוּא בָּא לְהַתִּיר אֶת הָאָסוּר וְנִמְצֵאת תַּקָּלָה בָּאָה עַל יָדוֹ, וְשִׁגְגָתוֹ עוֹלָה זָדוֹן. אִי נַמִּי כְּאִלּוּ מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁאוֹתָהּ מִשְׁנָה הָיְתָה מְשַׁמַּרְתּוֹ וְעַכְשָׁיו שֶׁשְּׁכָחָהּ אֵינָהּ מְשַׁמַּרְתּוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Anyone who forgets one matter from his studies":** Since he did not review it, it is considered "as if he is liable for his life;" as from his forgetting, he will come to permit the forbidden. And it will come out that a calamity will come through him and his mistake will be counted as a willful transgression. And also (another explanation is), it is "as if he is liable for his life" - since that teaching was guarding him and now he forgot it, it no [longer] guards him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:8:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:8:2)

**תָּקְפָה עָלָיו מִשְׁנָתוֹ.** שֶׁהָיְתָה קָשָׁה עָלָיו וּמִתּוֹךְ הַקֹּשִׁי שֶׁבָּהּ שְׁכָחָהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"whose studies have overpowered him":** As it was difficult for him, and on account of the difficulty in it, he forgot it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:9:1)

**כָּל שֶׁיִּרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת לְחָכְמָתוֹ.** אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי, שֶׁמַּקְדִּים בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ יִרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ לְחָכְמָתוֹ, שֶׁהוּא חוֹשֵׁב בְּלִבּוֹ אֶלְמַד בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאֶהְיֶה יְרֵא חֵטְא. וְזֶה עַל דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁאָמְרוּ תְּחִלַּת הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה [הִיא] סוֹף הַמַּעֲשֶׂה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Anyone whose fear of sin precedes his wisdom":** I heard that [it means that] he makes his fear of sin precede his wisdom in his thought - that he thinks in his heart, "I will study in order that I will be one who fears sin." And this is in the way that they said, 'the beginning of thought is the end of the action.'


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:9:2)

**חָכְמָתוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת.** שֶׁהַחָכְמָה מְבִיאָתוֹ לְמַה שֶּׁלִּבּוֹ חָפֵץ וְהוּא נֶהֱנֶה בָּהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"his wisdom endures":** as wisdom brings him to what his heart desires, and he derives benefit from it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:9:3)

**וְכָל שֶׁחָכְמָתוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת לְיִרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ.** שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לַעֲשׂוֹת, הוֹאִיל וְאֵין לְבָבוֹ פּוֹנֶה לִהְיוֹת יְרֵא חֵטְא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And anyone whose wisdom precedes his fear of sin":** who does not study in order to do, since his heart does not aspire to be afraid of sin.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:9:4)

**אֵין חָכְמָתוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת.** שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁהִיא מוֹנַעַת אוֹתוֹ מִלָּלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי שְׁרִירוּת לִבּוֹ הוּא קָץ בָּהּ וּמוֹאֲסָהּ וּמַנִּיחָהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"his wisdom does not endure:"** Since [his wisdom] prevents him from following the whims of his heart, he despises it and is fed up with it and leaves it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:9:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:9:5)

**כָּל שֶׁמַּעֲשָׂיו מְרֻבִּים מֵחָכְמָתוֹ.** הָכָא מַיְרֵי שֶׁזָּרִיז בְּמִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה, וּלְעֵיל בְּכָל שֶׁיִּרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת לְחָכְמָתוֹ אַיְרֵי שֶׁנִּזְהָר בְּמִצְוֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Anyone whose actions are more plentiful than his wisdom":** Here it speaks about him being eager [to do] positive commandments; and above, in "anyone whose fear of sin precedes his wisdom," it is speaking about him being careful about negative commandments.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:10:1)

**כָּל שֶׁרוּחַ הַבְּרִיּוֹת נוֹחָה הֵימֶנּוּ.** כָּל מִי שֶׁאָהוּב לְמַטָּה בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא אָהוּב לְמַעְלָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Anyone from whom the spirit of creations find pleasure":** [About] anyone who is beloved below, it is certain that he is beloved above.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:10:2)

**שֵׁנָה שֶׁל שַׁחֲרִית.** שֶׁהוֹלֵךְ וְיָשֵׁן עַד שֶׁעוֹנַת קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע עוֹבֶרֶת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"[Late] morning sleep":** As he continues to sleep until the time of the recitation of the Shema passes.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:10:3)

**וְיַיִן שֶׁל צָהֳרַיִם.** מוֹשֵׁךְ לִבּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, דִּכְתִיב (קהלת ב) לִמְשֹׁךְ בַּיַּיִן אֶת בְּשָׂרִי, וּמֵבִיא אוֹתוֹ לִידֵי שִׁכְרוּת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"midday wine":** [It] draws the heart of a person - as it is written (Ecclesiastes 2:3), "to draw my flesh with wine" - and brings him to drunkenness.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:10:4)

**וְשִׂיחַת הַיְלָדִים.** מְבַטֶּלֶת אֶת אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם מִלַּעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"chatter of children":** prevents their fathers from being involved in Torah [study].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:10:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:10:5)

**וִישִׁיבַת בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת שֶׁל עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ.** שֶׁמִּתְכַּנְּסִים וּמְדַבְּרִים בִּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and sitting in the assembly houses of the *Am Ha'arets* (unlearned people, who are lax in observing tithes and purity laws)":** who come together and speak about idle matters.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:1)

**הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים.** הַמֵּבִיא קָדְשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לִידֵי פִּגּוּל וְנוֹתָר וְטָמֵא, אוֹ הַמּוֹעֵל וְנֶהֱנֶה בֵּין בְּקָדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ בֵּין בְּקָדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One who profanes the Kodeshim (sacred material)":** One who brings Kodeshim of the altar to [a state of] *pigul* (a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to the intention of the officiating priest, while offering it, to consume it after its permitted time), *notar* (a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to being left unconsumed after its time limit) or [of becoming] impure; or he misappropriates and benefits either from Kodeshim of the altar or Kodeshim of the Temple maintenance fund.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:2)

**וְהַמְבַזֶּה אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת.** יָמִים שֶׁל חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, עוֹשֶׂה בָּהֶן מְלָאכָה אוֹ נוֹהֵג בָּהֶן מִנְהַג חֹל בַּאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"one who desecrates the holidays":** the intermediate days of the festival. He does work on them or treats them according to what is customary to eat and drink on a common day.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:3)

**וְהַמַּלְבִּין פְּנֵי חֲבֵרוֹ בָרַבִּים.** הַמִּתְבַּיֵּשׁ פָּנָיו מַאֲדִימוֹת תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִתְלַבְּנוֹת, שֶׁהַנֶּפֶשׁ יֵשׁ לָהּ שְׁתֵּי תְּנוּעוֹת אַחַת לַחוּץ וְאַחַת לִפְנִים, וּכְשֶׁמְּבַיְּשִׁין אֶת הָאָדָם בִּתְחִלָּה הָרוּחַ מִתְנוֹעֵעַ לְצַד חוּץ כְּמִי שֶׁמִּתְמַלֵּא חֵמָה וּפָנָיו מַאֲדִימוֹת, וּכְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹצֵא טַעֲנָה כֵּיצַד יָסִיר הַבֹּשֶׁת הַהוּא מֵעַל פָּנָיו, הוּא דּוֹאֵג בְּקִרְבּוֹ וְנִכְנַס הָרוּחַ לְצַד פָּנָיו מִפְּנֵי הַצַּעַר, וּפָנָיו מִתְכַּרְכְּמִים וּמִתְלַבְּנִים. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (בבא מציעא נח:) בְּעִנְיַן הַהַלְבָּנָה, דְּאַזִּיל סוּמְקָא וְאָתִי חִיוְרָא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"one who whitens (embarrasses) the face of another in public":** The face of one who is embarrassed turns red first and then white, as the spirit [of a person] has two movements, one outwards and one inwards. And when one embarrasses a person, at first the breath moves outwards, like one who is full of anger and his face turns red. And when he does not find a solution how to get rid of this embarrassment from on his face, he worries inside himself and the breath goes inwards because of the pain, and his face turns yellow and [then] white. And this is what they said (Bava Metzia 58b) about the matter of whitening: "when the red leaves, the white comes."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:4)

**וְהַמֵּפֵר בְּרִיתוֹ.** שֶׁלֹּא מָל, אוֹ שֶׁמָּל וּמוֹשֵׁךְ עָרְלָתוֹ לְכַסּוֹת הַמִּילָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֵרָאֶה שֶׁהוּא מָהוּל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"one who nullifies the covenant":** who did not circumcise [himself] or who did circumcise but pulled the foreskin to cover the circumcision, in order that it not be visible that he is circumcised.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:5)

**וְהַמְגַלֶּה פָנִים בַּתּוֹרָה.** שֶׁמַּרְאֶה פָּנִים וּפֵרוּשִׁים בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁלֹּא כַּהֲלָכָה. כְּגוֹן הַמְתַרְגֵּם וּמִזַּרְעֲךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לְהַעֲבִיר לַמּוֹלֵךְ, וּמִזַּרְעֲךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לְאַעֲבָרָא לְאַרְמִיּוּתָא. וְאֵין זֶה פְּשׁוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא. וּבִכְלָל זֶה הַדּוֹרֵשׁ דְּרָשׁוֹת שֶׁל דֹּפִי. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, מְגַלֶּה פָּנִים, שֶׁמֵּעֵז פָּנָיו לַעֲבֹר עַל דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא בְּיָד רָמָה וְאֵין לוֹ בּשֶׁת פָּנִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"one who reveals meanings (literally, faces) in the Torah":** who shows meanings and explanations that do not conform with the halacha (law). For example, one who translates "And from your seed do not give to pass to Molekh" (Leviticus 18:21) as "And from your seed do not give to impregnate an Aramean woman." (Mishnah Megillah 4:9) And this is not the simple meaning of the text. And included within this is teaching worthless homiletical interpretations. A different explanation: "reveals faces" - he makes his face brazen to transgress words of the Torah publicly 'with a high hand' and he is not shame-faced.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:11:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:11:6)

**אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ תּוֹרָה וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים.** וְלֹא חָזַר בִּתְשׁוּבָה מֵאַחַת מֵעֲבֵרוֹת הַלָּלוּ שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבָּאוּ עָלָיו יִסּוּרִים וּמֵת בַּיִּסּוּרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. אֲבָל אִם חָזַר בִּתְשׁוּבָה קֹדֶם מוֹתוֹ, אֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁעוֹמֵד בִּפְנֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"even though he has Torah knowledge and good deeds":** and he did not repent from one of these sins that he has in his hand - even though afflictions came to him and he died with afflictions - he does not have a share in the world to come. But if he repented before his death, there is nothing that stands in front of repentance.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:12:1)

**הֱוֵי קַל לְרֹאשׁ.** לִפְנֵי אָדָם גָּדוֹל זָקֵן וְיוֹשֵׁב בָּרֹאשׁ בַּיְּשִׁיבָה, הֱוֵי קַל לַעֲבֹד עֲבוֹדָתוֹ וּלְשַׁמֵּשׁ לְפָנָיו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Be yielding to an elder (*rosh*, literally, head)":** In front of a great sage who sits at the head of the yeshiva, be yielding (nimble) to do his bidding and to serve in front of him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:12:2)

**וְנוֹחַ לְתִשְׁחֹרֶת.** לְאָדָם בָּחוּר שֶׁשַּׂעֲרוֹתָיו שְׁחֹרוֹת אֵינְךָ צָרִיךְ לְהָקֵל עַצְמְךָ כָּל כָּךְ, אֶלָּא תַּעֲמֹד לְפָנָיו בְּנַחַת וּבְיִשּׁוּב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"pleasant to a youth (literally, a black one)":** To a young man whose hair is black, you do not need to make yourself so nimble, but rather stand in front of him at ease and self-collected.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:12:3)

**וֶהֱוֵי מְקַבֵּל וְכוּ'.** נֶגֶד כָּל אָדָם בֵּין רֹאשׁ בֵּין תִּשְׁחֹרֶת תַּעֲמֹד בְּשִׂמְחָה. מְקַבֵּל, כְּמוֹ מַקְבִּיל. מִתַּרְגּוּם נֶגֶד, קֳבֵל. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, הֱוֵי קַל לְרֹאשׁ, בְּרֵאשִׁיתְךָ כְּשֶׁאַתָּה בָּחוּר הֱוֵי קַל לַעֲשׂוֹת רְצוֹן בּוֹרַאֲךָ, וּבְזִקְנוּתְךָ כְּשֶׁהֻשְׁחֲרוּ פָּנֶיךָ מִפְּנֵי הַזִּקְנָה תְּהֵא נוֹחַ לוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and greet (*mekabel*, literally, receive) every person with joy":** Across from every person - whether an elder or a youth - stand with joy. "Receive" [here] is like to receive someone. "Across from" is translated [into Aramaic] as *kabal*. Another explantation: "Be yielding to a head (which also means beginning)" - at your beginning, when you are a young man, be nimble to do the will of your Creator. And in your old age, when your face has blackened because of age, be pleasant to Him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:13:1)

**מָסֹרֶת סְיָג לַתּוֹרָה.** הַמָּסֹרֶת שֶׁמָּסְרוּ לָנוּ חֲכָמִים בַּחֲסֵרוֹת וִיתֵרוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, הֵם גָּדֵר וְחִזּוּק לַתּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב, שֶׁעַל יְדֵיהֶם אָנוּ מְבִינִים כַּמָּה מִצְוֹת אֵיךְ יַעֲשׂוּ אוֹתָם. כְּמוֹ בַּסֻּכּוֹת בַּסֻּכֹּת בַּסֻּכֹּת, שְׁנַיִם חֲסֵרִים וְאֶחָד מָלֵא, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ אָנוּ לוֹמְדִים לְהַכְשִׁיר סֻכָּה בְּשָׁלֹשׁ דְּפָנוֹת. וּכְגוֹן מוֹעֲדֵי ה' אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם, שֶׁנִּכְתָּב חָסֵר בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת, לְלַמֵּד, אַתֶּם אֲפִלּוּ שׁוֹגְגִים, אַתֶּם אֲפִלּוּ מְזִידִים, אַתֶּם אֲפִלּוּ מֻטְעִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Tradition is a safeguarding fence around Torah":** The tradition that the sages passed down to us about the missing and extra letters of the Torah is a fence and a strengthening of the written Torah; as through them, we understand how to do several commandments. As with, [the tradition that in the Torah it is written,] "*basukkot... basukkat... basukkat*" - two [of these words] missing [letters], and one complete - from which we learn [how to] make a fit *sukkah* (booth) with three partitions. And, for example, "the appointed times of the Lord which you shall declare" - which is written missing [a letter] in three places (rendering the word, "them," into "you," "*otam*" into "*atem*") - to teach [that the intercalation of the month is binding, and dependent upon] "you, even if you err without volition; you, even if you err with volition; you, even if you are mistaken."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:13:2)

**מַעַשְׂרוֹת סְיָג לָעֹשֶׁר.** דִּכְתִיב עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר, עַשֵּׂר בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁתִּתְעַשֵּׁר (תענית ט):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Tithes are a safeguarding fence around wealth":** As it is written (Deuteronomy 14:22), "*aser taaser* (you shall surely tithe)," [which is interpreted as] "tithe (*taaser*) so that you will become rich (*titaasher*)." (Taanit 9a)


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:13:3)

**נְדָרִים סְיָג לַפְּרִישׁוּת.** בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָדָם מַתְחִיל בִּפְרִישׁוּת וּמִתְיָרֵא שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹר, מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו בִּלְשׁוֹן נֶדֶר שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה כָּךְ וְכָךְ, וְעַל יְדֵי כֵן הוּא כּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Vows are a safeguarding fence around abstinence":** When a person begins abstinence and is afraid, lest he violate [that abstinence], he should accept [it] upon himself with the language of a vow that he should not do such and such; and through this, he will conquer his [evil] impulse.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:13:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:13:4)

**סְיָג לַחָכְמָה שְׁתִיקָה.** בְּמַה אֲנַן קָיְמִין, אִי בִּשְׁתִיקָה מִדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה, הֲרֵי כְּבָר כְּתִיב וְהָגִיתָ בּוֹ וְגוֹ', אִי בִּשְׁתִיקָה מֵרְכִילוּת וְלָשׁוֹן הָרָע וּקְלָלָה, דְּאוֹרַיְתָא נִינְהוּ. הָא אֵינוֹ מְדַבֵּר אֶלָּא בִּשְׁתִיקָה מִדִּבְרֵי הָרְשׁוּת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ לָאָדָם לְמַעֵט הַדִּבּוּר בָּהֶם כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֶפְשָׁר. וַעֲלֵיהֶם אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה (משלי יז) גַּם אֱוִיל מַחֲרִישׁ חָכָם יֵחָשֵׁב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"A safeguarding fence around wisdom is silence":** What do we establish [these words] to be referring to? If it is about silence from words of Torah, behold, it is already written (Joshua 1:8), "and you shall reason it, etc."; if it is about silence from talebearing, evil speech and curses, they are [prohibited] from the Torah. Hence it is only speaking about optional words between a man and his fellow, in which a person should minimize his speech as much as possible. And about them Shlomo said (Proverbs 17:28), "A fool who is silenced is also considered a wise man."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:14:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:14:1)

**חִבָּה יְתֵרָה נוֹדַעַת לוֹ.** רַמְבַּ"ם פֵּרֵשׁ, חִבָּה יְתֵרָה הֶרְאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָאָדָם שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ רְאֵה שֶׁבְּרָאתִיךָ בְּצֶלֶם, שֶׁהַמֵּטִיב לַחֲבֵרוֹ וּמוֹדִיעוֹ הַטּוֹבָה שֶׁעָשָׂה עִמּוֹ, מַרְאֶה חִבָּה יְתֵרָה יוֹתֵר מִשֶּׁאִלּוּ הֵטִיב עִמּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חָשׁוּב בְּעֵינָיו לְהוֹדִיעוֹ הַטּוֹבָה שֶׁעָשָׂה עִמּוֹ. וְיֵשׁ לְפָרֵשׁ, חִבָּה יְתֵרָה נוֹדַעַת לוֹ, חִבָּה גְּלוּיָה וּמְפֻרְסֶמֶת, שֶׁלֹּא בִּלְבַד אַהֲבָה מְסֻתֶּרֶת הָיָה לוֹ לַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא עִם הָאָדָם אֶלָּא אַף חִבָּה גְּלוּיָה וִידוּעָה לַכֹּל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"A deeper love - it is revealed to him":** Rambam explained: A deeper love did the Holy One, blessed be He, show to man, as he informed and said to him, "See, I have made you in the Divine image." Because one who benefits his friend and informs him of the good that he has done for him, shows a deeper love than if he had benefited him but it is not important [enough] in his eyes to inform him of the good that he has done for him. And it can be explained, "A deeper love - it is revealed to him;" a revealed and publicized love. As not only did the Omnipresent have a secret love for man but rather even a love that was revealed and known to all.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:14:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:14:2)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כִּי לֶקַח טוֹב.** כָּל מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב, לֹא נִבְרָא אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּקְרֵאת לֶקַח, כְּמַה דְּאַתְּ אָמַר (דברים לב) יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"as it says (Proverbs 4:2) 'For a good lesson'":** All of the acts of creation - about which it is stated, "And God saw that it was good" - were only created for the sake of the Torah, which is called a lesson, as you say (Deuteronomy 32:2), "My lesson drops like the rain."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:15:1)

**הַכֹּל צָפוּי.** כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָדָם עוֹשֶׂה בְּחַדְרֵי חֲדָרִים גָּלוּי לְפָנָיו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Everything is foreseen":** Everything that a man does in the innermost rooms is revealed in front of Him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:15:2)

**וְהָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה.** בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם לַעֲשׂוֹת טוֹב וָרַע, כְּדִכְתִיב (שם ל) רְאֵה נָתַתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ הַיּוֹם אֶת הַחַיִּים וְגוֹ':

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and freewill is given":** into the hand of man to do good and evil, as it is written (Deuteronomy 30:15), : "See, I have given in front of you today life, etc."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:15:3)

**וּבְטוֹב הָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן.** בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן אֵין הַכֹּל שָׁוִין בְּמִדָּה זוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁהַכֹּל לְפִי רֹב הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. הַמַּרְבֶּה בְּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים נוֹתְנִים לוֹ רַחֲמִים מְרֻבִּים, וְהַמַּמְעִיט בְּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים מְמַעֲטִים לוֹ בְּרַחֲמִים. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, וְהַכֹּל לְפִי רֹב הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, לְפִי רֹב מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל אָדָם הוּא נִדּוֹן, אִם רֹב זְכֻיּוֹת זַכַּאי, אִם רֹב עֲוֹנוֹת חַיָּב. וְרַמְבַּ"ם פֵּרֵשׁ, הַכֹּל צָפוּי, כָּל מַעֲשֵׂה בְנֵי אָדָם מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה וּמַה שֶּׁעָתִיד לַעֲשׂוֹת הַכֹּל גָּלוּי לְפָנָיו, וְלֹא תֹּאמַר כֵּיוָן שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יוֹדֵעַ מַה שֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה הָאָדָם אִם כֵּן הוּא מֻכְרָח בְּמַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁיִּהְיֶה צַדִּיק אוֹ רָשָׁע, כִּי הָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת טוֹב וָרַע וְאֵין שׁוּם דָּבָר שֶׁיַּכְרִיחֵהוּ כְּלָל, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁכֵּן הוּא, בְּטוֹב הָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן, לְהִפָּרַע מִן הָרְשָׁעִים וְלִתֵּן שָׂכָר טוֹב לַצַּדִּיקִים. שֶׁהַחוֹטֵא חָטָא בִּרְצוֹנוֹ, רָאוּי שֶׁיֵּעָנֵשׁ. וְהַצַּדִּיק הָיָה צַדִּיק בִּרְצוֹנוֹ, וְרָאוּי שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל שָׂכָר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and with goodness the world is judged":** with the attribute of mercy. And nonetheless, not everyone is equal in this trait, since, "all is in accordance to the majority of the deed:" One who does many good deeds is given much mercy, and one who does few good deeds is given a little mercy. A different explanation: "all is in accordance to the majority of the deed" - according to the majority of a person's deeds is he judged, if the majority are merits, he is exonerated; if the majority are sins, he is liable. And Rambam explained, "Everything is foreseen": Every action of people - that which he has done and that which he will do in the future - is revealed in front of Him. And do not say, "Since the Holy One, blessed be He, knows what a person will do - if so, he is compelled in his actions to be righteous or evil." As "freewill is given" into his hand to do good and evil and there is nothing there that compels him at all. And since this is so, "with goodness (or properly) the world is judged," to collect [punishment] from the evildoers and to give a good reward to the righteous ones. As since the sinner sinned willingly, it is fitting that he be punished; and since the righteous one was willingly righteous, it is fitting that he receive a reward.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:15:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:15:4)

**וְהַכֹּל לְפִי רֹב הַמַּעֲשֶׂה.** לְפִי מַה שֶּׁאָדָם כּוֹפֵל וּמַתְמִיד בַּעֲשִׂיַּת הַטּוֹב כָּךְ שְׂכָרוֹ מְרֻבֶּה. שֶׁאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה הַמְחַלֵּק מֵאָה זְהוּבִים לִצְדָקָה בְּמֵאָה פְּעָמִים, לְנוֹתֵן אוֹתָם בְּפַעַם אַחַת. וְגִרְסַת רַמְבַּ"ם הִיא, וְהַכֹּל לְפִי רֹב הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, אֲבָל לֹא עַל פִּי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"all is in accordance to the majority of the deed":** According to what a person repeats and is constant in the doing of good, his reward will be multiplied. As one who distributes a hundred gold coins to charity [giving out one coin at a time] is not similar to one who gives them out [all] at one time. And the textual variant of Rambam is, "all is in accordance to the majority of the deed"; and not "as per the deed."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:1)

**הַכֹּל נָתוּן בְּעֵרָבוֹן.** רַגְלוֹהִי דְּבַר נַשׁ אִינוּן עֲרֵבִין בֵּיהּ (סכה נג.) לַאֲתַר דְּמִתְבָּעֵי תָּמָן מוֹבִילִין יָתֵיהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Everything is given as collateral (with guarantors)":** "The feet of a man, they are guarantors for him - to the place that he is requested, there do they take him." (Sukkah 53a)


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:2)

**וּמְצוּדָה פְרוּסָה.** יִסּוּרִין וּמִיתָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and a net is cast":** Afflictions and death.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:3)

**הַחֲנוּת פְּתוּחָה.** וּבְנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִים שָׁם וְלוֹקְחִים בַּהַקָּפָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"The shop is open":** and people come in there and buy on credit.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:4)

**וְהַחֶנְוָנִי מֵקִיף.** וּמַאֲמִין לְכָל הַבָּא לִטֹּל. כָּךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם חוֹטְאִים בְּכָל יוֹם וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַמְתִּין לָהֶם עַד בֹּא עִתָּם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the shopkeeper grants credit":** and trusts all who come to take [it]. And so [too] do people sin and the Holy One, blessed be He, waits for them until their time comes.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:5)

**וְהַפִּנְקָס פָּתוּחַ.** לִכְתֹּב בָּהּ הַהַקָּפוֹת כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִשָׁכַח:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the accounting ledger is open":** to write down [the debts] in it, so that [the storekeeper] not forget.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:6)

**וְהַיָּד כּוֹתֶבֶת.** שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאמַר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַפִּנְקָס פָּתוּחַ פְּעָמִים שֶׁהַחֶנְוָנִי טָרוּד וְאֵינוֹ כּוֹתֵב הַכֹּל, לְכָךְ אָמַר וְהַיָּד כּוֹתֶבֶת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the hand writes":** Lest you say, "Even thought the ledger is open, there are times when the storekeeper is preoccupied and does not write everything"; therefore he said, "and the hand writes."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:7
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:7)

**וְכָל הָרוֹצֶה לִלְווֹת וְכוּ'.** הַיְנוּ וְהָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה דִּלְעֵיל, שֶׁאֵין שׁוּם אָדָם מֻכְרָח לִלְווֹת שֶׁלֹּא בִּרְצוֹנוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and everyone who wants to borrow, etc.":** And this is [the meaning of] "freewill is given" above - that no person is forced to borrow against his will.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:8
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:8)

**וְהַגַּבָּאִים.** יִסּוּרִים וּפְגָעִים רָעִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the collectors":** Afflictions and bad occurrences.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:9
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:9)

**לְדַעְתּוֹ.** פְּעָמִים שֶׁזּוֹכֵר אֶת חוֹבוֹ וְאוֹמֵר יָפֶה דַּנְתַּנִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"with his knowledge":** There are times when he remembers his debt and says, "You have judged me well."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:10
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:10)

**וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ.** פְּעָמִים שֶׁשָּׁכַח וְקוֹרֵא תִּגָּר כְּנֶגֶד דִּינוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"or without his knowledge":** There are times when he forgot and cries out against the judgement of the Omnipresent, may He be blessed.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:11
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:11)

**וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם עַל מַה שֶּׁיִּסְמֹכוּ.** עַל הַפִּנְקָס, וְעַל הַחֶנְוָנִי שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱמָן עַל פִּנְקָסוֹ. כָּךְ הַיִּסּוּרִים הַלָּלוּ הֵן נִסְמָכִים עַל מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל אָדָם הַנִּזְכָּרִים לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם נִשְׁכָּחִים מִן הָאָדָם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and they have that upon which to rely":** [They rely] upon the ledger and upon the shopkeeper who is trustworthy about his ledger. So [too] these afflictions rely upon the deeds of man that are remembered in front of the Omnipresent, may He be blessed, even though they are forgotten from man.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:12
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:12)

**וְהַדִּין דִּין אֱמֶת.** שֶׁאֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בָּא בִּטְרוּנְיָא עִם בְּרִיּוֹתָיו (עבודה זרה ג.):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the judgement is true judgement":** As the Holy One, blessed be He, does not deal despotically with His creatures." (Avodah Zarah 3a)


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:13
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:16:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:16:13)

**וְהַכֹּל מְתֻקָּן לַסְּעוּדָה.** אֶחָד צַדִּיקִים וְאֶחָד רְשָׁעִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא לְאַחַר שֶׁגָּבוּ מֵהֶן אֶת חוֹבָן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and everything is prepared for the feast":** Both the righteous and the wicked have a portion in the world to come, after their debt has been collected from them.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:17:1)

**אִם אֵין תּוֹרָה וְכוּ'.** אֵין מַשָּׂאוֹ וּמַתָּנוֹ יָפֶה עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"If there is no Torah, etc.":** [then] his give and take is not well with the creatures.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:17:2)

**אִם אֵין דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ וְכוּ'.** סוֹף שֶׁתּוֹרָתוֹ מִשְׁתַּכַּחַת מִמֶּנּוּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"if there is no worldly occupation, etc.":** in the end, his Torah will be forgotten from him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:17:3)

**אִם אֵין דַּעַת וְכוּ'.** דַּעַת, הוּא שֶׁמּוֹצֵא טַעַם לַדָּבָר. וּבִינָה, הוּא שֶׁמֵּבִין דָּבָר מִתּוֹךְ דָּבָר אֲבָל אֵינוֹ מַרְאֶה לוֹ טַעַם. וְאִם אֵין דַּעַת לָתֵת טַעַם לַדָּבָר אֵין בִּינָה, אַחַר שֶׁלֹּא יָדַע טַעֲמוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר כְּאִלּוּ לֹא יְדָעוֹ. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם הַבִּינָה הִיא קוֹדֶמֶת, לְפִיכָךְ אִם אֵין בִּינָה אֵין דַּעַת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"if there is no knowledge, etc.":** Knowledge is the finding of the reason for a thing and understanding is to figure out one thing from [another] thing, but without seeing its reason. And if there is no knowledge to give the reason for a thing, there is no understanding, since if he does not know the reason of a thing, it is as if he doesn't know it. But nevertheless, understanding is first, hence "if there is no understanding, there is no knowledge."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:17:4)

**אִם אֵין קֶמַח אֵין תּוֹרָה.** מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל הֵיאַךְ יַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"If there is no flour, there is no Torah":** How will one who does not have what to eat, inolve himself in Torah [study]?


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:17:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:17:5)

**אִם אֵין תּוֹרָה אֵין קֶמַח.** מַה יּוֹעִיל לוֹ הַקֶּמַח שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ, הוֹאִיל וְאֵין בּוֹ תּוֹרָה, נוֹחַ לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹ קֶמַח וְהָיָה מֵת בָּרָעָב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"if there is no Torah, there is no flour":** Of what good to him is the flour that is in his hand; since he does not have Torah, it would have been better for him that he did not have flour and that would have died from starvation.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:1)

**קִנִּין.** קָרְבְּנוֹת הָעוֹף קְרוּיִין קִנִּין, לְשׁוֹן קַן צִפּוֹר. וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶן הֲלָכוֹת חֲמוּרוֹת, כְּגוֹן אִם נִתְעָרְבוּ חוֹבָה בִנְדָבָה, אוֹ עוֹלָה שֶׁמַּעֲשֶׂיהָ לְמַעְלָה בְּחַטָּאת שֶׁמַּעֲשֶׂיהָ לְמַטָּה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"*Kinin*:"** Bird offerings are called *Kinin*, which is a term related to *kan tsippor* (bird's nest). And it has strict laws, for example, if obligatory and voluntary offerings get mixed; or an *olah* which is performed higher [on the altar] and a *chatat*, which is performed lower.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:2)

**וּפִתְחֵי נִּדָּה.** הִלְכוֹת נִדָּה שֶׁאִבְּדָה וִסְתָּהּ וּצְרִיכָה לִשְׁמֹר עַד שֶׁתַּחְזֹר לְפִתְחָהּ. וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לִטְבֹּל צ"ה טְבִילוֹת לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר טְבִילָה בִּזְמַנָּהּ מִצְוָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the beginnings of *Niddah* (menstruation)":** The laws of a menstruant who has lost her cycle and needs to guard [for the possibility of bleeding] until she goes back to the beginning [of a new cycle]. And sometimes, she is required to immerse ninety-five [times], according to the [opinion] that holds immersion at its proper time is a commandment.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:3)

**הֵן הֵן גּוּפֵי הֲלָכוֹת.** עִקַּר תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה, שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִים עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"these are the body of the laws (*halakhot*)":** The essence of the Oral Law, for which one receives reward.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:4)

**תְּקוּפוֹת.** עִנְיַן מַהֲלַךְ הַמַּזָּלוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Astronomical calculations":** The matter of the movement of constellations.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:5)

**וְגִימַטְרִיאוֹת.** חֶשְׁבּוֹן הָאוֹתִיּוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and Gematria [numerical calculations]":** The calculation of the [numerical value of the] letters.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 3:18:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/3:18:6)

**פַּרְפְּרָאוֹת לַחָכְמָה.** כְּמוֹ הַפַּרְפְּרָאוֹת שֶׁרְגִילִין לֶאֱכֹל בְּסוֹף הַסְּעוּדָה לְקִנּוּחַ דֶּרֶךְ תַּעֲנוּג, כָּךְ הַחָכְמוֹת הַלָּלוּ מְכַבְּדוֹת אֶת בַּעֲלֵיהֶם בְּעֵינֵי הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"condiments to wisdom":** Just like the condiments, that [people] are accustomed to eat at the end of the meal for dessert in the manner of a treat, honor their owners in the eyes of the creatures; so [too] do these wisdoms.