## Bartenura on Pirkei Avot Chapter 4

###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:1)

**בֶּן זוֹמָא.** לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים וְלֹא נִסְמַךְ שֶׁיִּקָּרֵא רַבִּי, הָיוּ קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ עַל שֵׁם אָבִיו. וְכֵן בֶּן עַזַּאי. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם שְׁמָם שִׁמְעוֹן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Ben Zoma:** Since he did not have length of days and was not ordained to be called, 'Rabbi,' they would call him according to his father's name. And so [too] Ben Azzai. And both of their names were Shimon.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:2)

**אֵיזֶהוּ חָכָם.** הָכִי קָאָמַר, אֵיזֶהוּ חָכָם שֶׁרָאוּי שֶׁיִּתְהַלֵּל בְּחָכְמָתוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Who is the wise one":** This is what it is saying: Who is wise, who is fitting to be lauded by his wisdom?


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:3)

**הַלּוֹמֵד מִכָּל אָדָם.** וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא קָטָן מִמֶּנּוּ. שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָס עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ וְלוֹמֵד מִן הַקְּטַנִּים, נִכָּרִים הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁחָכְמָתוֹ הוּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם וְלֹא לְהִתְיַהֵר וּלְהִתְפָּאֵר בָּהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"He who learns from all men":** And even though [that person that he learns from] is lesser than he. As since he is not concerned about his honor and learns from the lesser ones, [it shows] that his wisdom is for the sake of Heaven and not to boast and revel in.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:4)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר מִכָּל מְלַמְּדַי הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי.** וְסֵיפָא דִּקְרָא כִּי עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ שִׂיחָה לִי, כְּלוֹמַר הָיִיתִי לוֹמֵד תּוֹרָה מִכָּל מְלַמְּדַי וַאֲפִלּוּ מִן הַקְּטַנִּים מִמֶּנִּי וְלֹא הָיִיתִי חוֹשֵׁשׁ לִכְבוֹדִי, כִּי עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ שִׂיחָה לִי, שֶׁכָּל כַּוָּנָתִי הָיְתָה לַשָּׁמַיִם בִּלְבַד. וְכֵן אֵיזֶהוּ גִּבּוֹר שֶׁרָאוּי שֶׁיִּתְהַלֵּל בִּגְבוּרָתוֹ, הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"as it says, 'I have acquired understanding from all my teachers'":** And the end of the verse is, "since your testimonies are my conversation" - which means to say, "I would learn Torah from all my teachers, and even from those that are lesser than I, and I would not be concerned about my honor; as all of my intentions were for Heaven alone." And so [too], "who is the mighty one," [means] who is fitting to be lauded by his might? "He who conquers his impulse."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:5)

**שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר.** הָכִי הֲוֵי פֵּרוּשָׁא דִּקְרָא, טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם הַבָּא מִצַּד הַגְּבוּרָה שֶׁל כִּבּוּשׁ הַיֵּצֶר, לֹא מִצַּד רַכּוּת הַטֶּבַע. וְכֵן מוֹשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ כְּשֶׁבָּא מִלּוֹכֵד עִיר, מִן הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁלְּאַחַר שֶׁכָּבַשׁ אֶת הָעִיר וּבָאוּ לְיָדוֹ הָאֲנָשִׁים הַמּוֹרְדִים בּוֹ, מוֹשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ וְאֵינוֹ הוֹרְגָן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"as it says, 'slowness to anger is better than a mighty person' (but it can also be read as, 'good is slowness to anger from might')":** Thus is the explanation of the verse: Good is slowness to anger that comes from the angle of the might [involved in] conquering the impulse, and not from the angle of [having] a soft nature." And so [too, the rest of the verse, "and one who governs his passion than the conqueror of a city" which can also be read as, "and one who governs his passion from the conqueror of a city," is to be understood as "good] is the conquering of the spirit when it comes from the conqueror of a city; [meaning] from a king, when after he conquers a city and the people rebelling against him come to his hand, he governs his passions and does not kill them."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:6)

**אֵיזֶהוּ עָשִׁיר.** הָרָאוּי לוֹ לְהִתְהַלֵּל בְּעָשְׁרוֹ, הַשָּׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Who is the rich one":** who is fitting to be lauded by his riches? "He who is happy with his lot."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:7
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:7)

**אֵיזֶהוּ מְכֻבָּד.** לְפִי שֶׁשְּׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים טוֹבִים הַלָּלוּ שֶׁנִּזְכְּרוּ לְעֵיל, שֶׁהֵם הַחָכְמָה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהָעֹשֶׁר, הַזּוֹכֶה בָּהֶם הוּא נִכְבָּד מֵעַצְמוֹ בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים וְאָדָם, וְאַף אִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת לֹא יְכַבְּדוּהוּ בַּעֲבוּרָם, לְכָךְ חִבֵּר הַתַּנָּא לְזֶה וְאָמַר מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הַמִּדּוֹת הַלָּלוּ וְהוּא נִכְבָּד בְּעַצְמוֹ, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה וְיִהְיֶה מְכֻבָּד מֵאֲחֵרִים, יְכַבֵּד אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Who is honored":** Because [of the fact] that one who merits to have these three things that are mentioned above - which are wisdom, might and riches - is automatically honored in the eyes of God and man, even if the [people] do not [fully] honor him on their account; hence the teacher appended [the following] to this and said, "Someone who has these traits and is honored automatically, what can he do to be [properly] honored by others? He should honor others."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:8
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:8)

**כִּי מְכַבְּדַי אֲכַבֵּד.** וְהַדְּבָרִים קַל וָחֹמֶר, וּמַה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָא בְּעוֹלָמוֹ לֹא בָּרָא אֶלָּא לִכְבוֹדוֹ, מְכַבֵּד אֶת מְכַבְּדָיו, קַל וָחֹמֶר לְבָשָׂר וָדָם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'For, those who honor Me, I will honor'":** And the matter is an a fortiori argument (*kal ve'chomer*): Just like the Holy One, blessed be He - who is the King of honor and everything that He created in His world, He created for His honor - honors those who honor Him; all the more so should flesh and blood [do so].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:9
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:1:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:1:9)

**וּבֹזַי יֵקָלּוּ.** לָמַדְנוּ עַנְוְתָנוּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. לֹא אָמַר וּבֹזַי אֲקַלֵּל, אֶלָּא יֵקַלּוּ מֵעַצְמָם. וּבִכְבוֹד הַצַּדִּיקִים הִקְפִּיד יוֹתֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יב) וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ אָאֹר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'and those who despise Me will be held in little esteem'":** We learn [from here] the humility of the Holy One, blessed be He: He did not say, "and those who despise Me I will curse," but rather "will be held in little esteem" - automatically. And with the honor of the righteous ones He was more exacting, as it says (Genesis 12), "and those that curse you, I will malign."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:2:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:2:1)

**שֶׁמִּצְוָה גּוֹרֶרֶת מִצְוָה.** כָּךְ מִנְהָגוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, הָעוֹשֶׂה מִצְוָה אַחַת נוֹחַ לוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת, וְהַמַתְחִיל בַּעֲבֵרוֹת קָשֶׁה לִפְרֹשׁ מֵהֶם. וְעוֹד, שֶׁשְּׂכַר מִצְוָה מִצְוָה. שֶׁמִּן הַשָּׁמַיִם מְסַיְּעִין וּמַזְמִינִים בְּיַד מִי שֶׁעָשָׂה מִצְוָה אַחַת שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אַחֶרֶת כְּדֵי לָתֵת לוֹ שָׂכָר עַל שְׁתֵּיהֶן. וְכֵן שְׂכַר עֲבֵרָה וְכוּ'. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, שֶׁשְּׂכַר מִצְוָה מִצְוָה, שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָדָם מִשְׂתַּכֵּר וּמִתְעַנֵּג בַּעֲשִׂיַּת הַמִּצְוָה נֶחְשַׁב לוֹ לְמִצְוָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְנוֹטֵל שָׂכָר עַל הַמִּצְוָה שֶׁעָשָׂה וְעַל הָעֹנֶג וְהַהֲנָאָה שֶׁנֶּהֱנָה בַּעֲשִׂיָּתָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Since one commandment leads to another commandment":** That is the way of the world, that one who does one commandment finds it easier to do others; and one who starts to do sins will find it difficult to separate from them. And also, **"since the reward for a commandment is [another] commandment;"** [meaning it] is from the Heavens that the one who does one commandment is helped and another commandment is placed in front of him to [also] do, in order to give him the reward for both of them. And so too, **"the reward of a sin, etc."** Another explanation: **"since the reward for a commandment is [another] commandment;"** Since all that a person is rewarded and derives enjoyment while doing a commandment is itself considered a commandment for him. And [so] he gets reward for the commandment that he did and for the enjoyment and benefit that he experienced in doing it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:2:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:2:2)

**וּשְׂכַר עֲבֵרָה עֲבֵרָה.** וְהַשָּׂכָר וְהַהֲנָאָה שֶׁמַּגַּעַת לוֹ לָאָדָם בַּעֲשִׂיַּת הָעֲבֵרָה נֶחְשָׁב לוֹ כַּעֲבֵרָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְלוֹקֶה עַל הָעֲבֵרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה וְעַל הַשָּׂכָר וְהַהֲנָאָה שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל בַּעֲשִׂיָּתָהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the reward for one sin is another sin":** And the reward and benefit that one derives from doing a sin is considered like a sin itself for him. And [so] he is [punished] for the sin that he committed and for the reward and benefit that he received by doing it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:3:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:3:1)

**אַל תְּהִי בָז לְכָל אָדָם.** לוֹמַר מַה יּוּכַל פְּלוֹנִי לְהַזִּיק לִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Do not disparage anyone":** by saying, "What can x do to harm me."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:3:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:3:2)

**וְאַל תְּהִי מַפְלִיג.** מַרְחִיק לְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ עָלָיו, אַל תֹּאמַר רָחוֹק הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה וְאֵין לִדְאֹג מִמֶּנּוּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and do not shun any thing":** [One should] make distance from anything that one should be concerned about. [And] do not say, "It will stay far and there is no reason to worry about it."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:4:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:4:1)

**מְאֹד מְאֹד הֱוֵי שְׁפַל רוּחַ.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּשְׁאָר מִדּוֹת הַדֶּרֶךְ הָאֶמְצָעִית הִיא הַמְשֻׁבַּחַת, בְּמִדַּת הַגַּאֲוָה אֵינוֹ כֵן, אֶלָּא יִטֶּה לַקָּצֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁל שִׁפְלוּת הָרוּחַ. לְפִי שֶׁהַגַּאֲוָה הִיא מְאוּסָה בְּיוֹתֵר, וְעוֹד שֶׁרֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְשָׁלִים בָּהּ וְלֹא בְּדִילֵי אֱינָשֵׁי מִנַּהּ, לְכָךְ צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהּ הַרְחָקָה יְתֵרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Be very, very humble in spirit":** Even though the middle path is praiseworthy with other character traits, it is not like this concerning the trait of pride. Rather one should lean to the other extreme of lowliness of spirit - as pride is extremely disgusting. And also since most people stumble in it and people do not separate themselves from it, therefore one has to make an extra distancing.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:5:1)

**הַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לְלַמֵּד מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד.** גָּרְסִינַן. וְהָכִי פֵּרוּשׁוֹ, הַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לִהְיוֹת תָּמִיד עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה וְאֵין בְּדַעְתּוֹ לִהְיוֹת גּוֹמֵל חֲסָדִים עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת, כְּרַבָּה (ראש השנה יח.) דְּעָסַק בַּתּוֹרָה וְלֹא עָסַק בִּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, אַף עַל גַּב דְּאִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ לְאִעַסּוֹקֵי נַמִּי בִּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, מִכָּל מָקוֹם מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד, וְתִהְיֶה מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ נַעֲשֵׂית. וְהַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לַעֲשׂוֹת, שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה לַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה וְלִהְיוֹת גַּם כֵּן גּוֹמֵל חֲסָדִים, כְּאַבַּיֵי (שם) דְּעָסַק בַּתּוֹרָה וּבִגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לְהַשְׁלִים מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ, וְיִזְכֶּה לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד לִשְׁמֹר וְלַעֲשׂוֹת. וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים הַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לְלַמֵּד, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיִּקָּרֵא רַב, וְגוֹרְסִין אֵין מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד. וּבְרֹב הַסְּפָרִים מָצָאתִי כְּגִרְסָא רִאשׁוֹנָה, וְעִקָּר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One who studies Torah in order to teach will be given the opportunity both to study and to teach":** is the textual variant that we have. And this is its explanation: one who studies in order to always be involved in Torah study and does not have in mind to do kindness with the creations - like Rabbah (Rosh Hashanah 18a), who was involved in Torah study and was not involved with doing kindness - even though he needs to be involved in doing kindness, nonetheless he is afforded [the time] to teach and to learn and [so] his plan will be fulfilled. **"But the one who studies in order to observe"** who wants to be involved in Torah study and to also be doing kindness - like Abbaye (Ibid.) who was involved in Torah study and in doing kindness - is afforded [the time] to fulfill his plan and he will merit **"to study, to teach, to observe, and to practice."** And there are some commentaries that [understand], "One who studies in order to teach," [to mean] in order to be called Rabbi, and they have the textual variant, "he is not given the opportunity to study and teach." But in most books, I have found the first variant, and it is the main one.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:5:2)

**אַל תַּעֲשֵׂם עֲטָרָה לְהִתְגַּדֵּל בָּהֶם.** שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאמַר אֶלְמַד בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאֶקָּרֵא רַבִּי וְיוֹשִׁיבוּנִי בָּרֹאשׁ, אֶלָּא לְמַד מֵאַהֲבָה וְסוֹף הַכָּבוֹד לָבֹא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Do not make [the Torah] into a crown with which to aggrandize yourself":** such that you should not say, "I will study so that I will be called, 'my Rabbi' and they will have me placed at the head," but rather learn out of love and in the end the honor will come.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:5:3)

**וְלֹא קַרְדֹּם לַחְפֹּר בָּהֶם.** וְלֹא תִּלְמַד תּוֹרָה כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת מִמֶּנָּה מְלָאכָה שֶׁתִּתְפַּרְנֵס בָּהּ, כְּמוֹ קַרְדֹּם לַחְפֹּר בָּהּ, שֶׁהָעוֹשֶׂה כֵן מוֹעֵל בִּקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה וְחַיָּב מִיתָה בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם כְּמִי שֶׁנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. וּמְלַמְּדֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת נוֹטְלִין שְׂכָר שִׁמּוּר הַתִּינוֹקוֹת בִּלְבַד, שֶׁמְּשַׁמְּרִין אוֹתָן שֶׁלֹּא יִפְשְׁעוּ וְיַזִּיקוּ, וּשְׂכַר פִּסּוּק טְעָמִים, שֶׁאֵין הָרַב חַיָּב לִטְרֹחַ וּלְלַמֵּד לַתַּלְמִידִים פִּסּוּק הַטְּעָמִים. אֲבָל שְׂכַר לִמּוּד אָסוּר לִטֹּל, דִּכְתִיב (דברים ד) וְאוֹתִי צִוָּה ה' בָּעֵת הַהִיא לְלַמֵּד אֶתְכֶם חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוַּנִי ה' אֱלֹהַי, מָה אֲנִי בְּחִנָּם, אַף אַתֶּם בְּחִנָּם. וְכֵן הַדַּיָּן אָסוּר לִקַּח שְׂכַר פְּסַק הַדִּין, אֶלָּא שְׂכַר בַּטָּלָה בִּלְבַד, דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא נִכָּר כַּמָּה מַפְסִיד מִבִּטּוּל מְלַאכְתוֹ כְּדֵי לִשְׁמֹעַ טַעֲנוֹת בַּעֲלֵי הַדִּין, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּטֹּל מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם בְּשָׁוֶה, וְאִם נוֹטֵל יוֹתֵר מִזֶּה, דִּינָיו בְּטֵלִים. וּמַה שֶּׁהִתִּירָה תּוֹרָה לְתַלְמִיד חָכָם לֵהָנוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה, הוּא, שֶׁתִּמָּכֵר סְחוֹרָתוֹ בַּשּׁוּק קֹדֶם כָּל אָדָם, וְגַם שֶׁיִּפָּטֵר מִכָּל מִסִּים וְעֻלִּים וְאַרְנוֹנִיּוֹת, וַאֲפִלּוּ כֶּסֶף גּוּלְגַלְתָּא חַיָּבִין הַצִּבּוּר לִתֵּן עָלָיו, וַאֲפִלּוּ הוּא עָשִׁיר וְיֵשׁ לוֹ מָמוֹן הַרְבֵּה יָכוֹל הוּא לִשְׁאֹל בַּדִּין שֶׁיִּפְטְרוּהוּ. וְאִם תַּלְמִיד חָכָם חוֹלֶה הוּא וּמְדֻכָּא בְּיִסּוּרִין וּמַרְבִּין הָעָם לְהָבִיא מָנוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹד תּוֹרָתוֹ, מִצְוָה עָלָיו שֶׁיִּטֹּל, וְאֵין זֶה בִּכְלָל נֵאוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה, הוֹאִיל וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ לְהִתְפַּרְנֵס בְּדֶרֶךְ אַחֶרֶת. וְכֵן תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁמִּנּוּ אוֹתוֹ הַצִּבּוּר עֲלֵיהֶם פַּרְנָס אוֹ רֹאשׁ הַסֵּדֶר וּמִתְעַסֵּק בְּצָרְכֵי צִבּוּר, מֻתָּר לוֹ לִקַּח מֵהֶם פְּרָס וַאֲפִלּוּ שָׂכָר הַרְבֵּה יוֹתֵר מִכְּדֵי פַּרְנָסָתוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מְזוֹנוֹתָיו בְּרֶוַח וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ יִהְיֶה גָּדוֹל וְיָרְאוּי וּמְאוּיָּם בְּעֵינֵיהֶם. כִּדְאַשְׁכְּחָן בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ הַגָּדוֹל מֵאֶחָיו, וְדָרְשׁוּ חֲכָמִים (יומא יח.) גַּדְּלֵהוּ מֵאֶחָיו, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אֶחָיו הַכֹּהֲנִים מַעֲשִׁירִים אוֹתוֹ מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן. וַחֲכָמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שֶׁהָיוּ נִמְנָעִים מִזֶּה, מִדַּת חֲסִידוּת הָיְתָה בָּהֶם, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַדִּין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and don't use it as a spade with which to dig":** And do not study Torah in order to make from it a craft from which to earn a living, like a spade to dig with. As one that does this misappropriates the sanctity of the Torah and is liable for the death penalty from the Heavens, like one who derives [tangible] benefit form holy things (*hekdesh*). And teachers of small children receive payment for watching the children so that they will not err and cause damage; and payment for breaking up the cantillation, as a [Torah] teacher is not responsible to exert himself and to teach the students the breaking up of cantillation. But payment for teaching is forbidden to take, as it is written, (Deuteronomy 4:14), "And I did the Lord command at that time to teach you the statutes and the judgments, like the Lord, my God commanded me" - just like I [was taught] for free, so too are you [to be taught] for free. And so [too] is a judge forbidden to take payment for his legal decisions, but rather only for [not doing something else at that time] - [for] something that it is clear how much he would lose from the cessation of his work in order to hear the claims of the litigants, and [this is] only if he takes from both of them equally. But if he takes more than this, his decisions are nullified. And that which the Torah permitted the Torah scholar to derive [tangible] benefit from the words of Torah is that he may sell his merchandise in the marketplace before any [other] man, and also that he should be exempt from all taxes, yokes and property assessments. And the public is obligated to even give the poll tax for him. And even if he is wealthy and has much money, he is able to legally request that they exempt him. And if a Torah scholar is sick and suffering from afflictions and people bring many large portions for him on account of the honor of the Torah, he is [obligated] to accept, since it is impossible for him to earn a livelihood in another way. And so [too] a Torah scholar who the [community] appoints upon itself [as an] officer or the head of the group and he involves himself in the needs of the [community], it is permissible for him to take a reward from them; and even much more payment then he needs for his livelihood, so that his foods should be healthy. And through this, he will be great and feared and awesome in their eyes, as we find with the high priest, about whom it is written, "high (great) from his brothers" - and the sages expounded (Yoma 18a), "They should make him great from his brothers, such that his brothers, the priests, should make him wealthy from their [assets]. And the early sages who would abstain from this [were doing so out of piety] but not according to the [letter of the] law.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:6:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:6:1)

**כָּל הַמְכַבֵּד אֶת הַתּוֹרָה.** הַדּוֹרֵשׁ הַחֲסֵרוֹת וְהַיְתֵרוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה וּמַרְאֶה טַעַם עַל כָּל קוֹץ וְקוֹץ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דָּבָר לְבַטָּלָה, אֵין לְךָ כְּבוֹד תּוֹרָה גָּדוֹל מִזֶּה. אִי נַמִּי, הַמְכַבֵּד סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וּמְכַבֵּד לוֹמְדֵי הַתּוֹרָה וְהָעוֹסְקִים בָּהּ, כָּל אֵלּוּ בִּכְלָל מְכַבֵּד אֶת הַתּוֹרָה הֵן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Anyone who honors the Torah":** There is no greater honor of the Torah than the one who expounds on all the missing letters and extra letters in the Torah, and gives a reason for each and every embellishment on [its letters]; to say that there is nothing purposeless in it. And also (another explanation) is, the one who honors a Torah scroll and honors those that study the Torah and those occupied with it - all of these are included in "one who honors the Torah."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:7:1)

**הַחוֹשֵׁךְ עַצְמוֹ מִן הַדִּין.** בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ. אִי נַמִּי, אוֹמֵר לְבַעֲלֵי הַדִּין שֶׁיִּתְפַּשְּׁרוּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One who withholds himself from judging":** in a place that there is someone greater than he. And also (another explanation is) [that] he tells the litigants that they should compromise.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:7:2)

**פּוֹרֵק מִמֶּנּוּ אֵיבָה.** שֶׁהַיּוֹצֵא מִבֵּית דִּין חַיָּב, שׂוֹנֵא לַדַּיָּן, שֶׁאוֹמֵר בְּלִבּוֹ לֹא הִפֵּךְ בִּזְכוּתִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"removes from himself enmity":** Since one who leaves a court guilty hates the judge, as he says in his heart, "He did not [properly] look for my innocence."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:7:3)

**וְגָזֵל.** שֶׁמָּא יְחַיֵּב הַזַּכַּאי וְנִמְצָא שֶׁגָּזֵל בָּא עַל יָדוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"theft":** Lest he declared the innocent guilty, and it comes out that theft came about through him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:7:4)

**וּשְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא.** שֶׁמָּא יְחַיֵּב שְׁבוּעָה לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב בָּהּ וְנִמְצָא מֵבִיא לִידֵי שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא. אִי נַמִּי, קָרֵי תַּנָּא לִשְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא, כְּגוֹן הָאוֹמֵר לֹא לָוִיתִי וְלָוָה, דְּבִשְׁעַת שְׁבוּעָה יָצְאָה מִפִּיו לַשָּׁוְא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and a false (literally, vain) oath":** Lest he obligate someone who is not obligated to take an oath [to do so, such] that it comes out that he brings him to a vain oath. And also (another explanation is) that the teacher [of the mishnah] is calling a false oath, a vain oath; for example, one who says, "I did not borrow," and he borrowed, as at the time of the oath, it came out of his mouth in vain.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:7:5)

**וְהַגַּס לִבּוֹ בַהוֹרָאָה.** בְּלֹא עִיּוּן וּבְלֹא הַמְתָּנָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One who is nonchalant:"** without research and without deliberation.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:8:1)

**אַל תְּהִי דָּן יְחִידִי.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּחִיד מֻמְחֶה יָכוֹל לָדוּן, מִדַּרְכֵי הַחֲסִידוּת הוּא שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ מֻמְחֶה לֹא יְהִי דָּן יְחִידִי. וְדַוְקָא כְּשֶׁלֹּא קִבְּלוּהוּ בַּעֲלֵי הַדִּין עֲלֵיהֶם לְדִין, אֲבָל קִבְּלוּהוּ בַּעֲלֵי הַדִּין עֲלֵיהֶם, דָּן יְחִידִי וַאֲפִלּוּ מִדֶּרֶךְ חֲסִידוּת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Don't be a lone judge":** Even though an expert may judge alone, it is from the way of piety that even an expert should not judge alone. [And that is] only when the litigants have not accepted him upon themselves as a judge; but if they accepted him upon themselves, he can judge alone even in the way of piety.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:8:2)

**שֶׁאֵין דָּן יְחִידִי אֶלָּא אֶחָד.** הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא יָחִיד בְּעוֹלָמוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"for there is no lone judge aside from the One [God]":** The Holy One, blessed be He, who is alone (unique) in His world.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:8:3)

**וְאַל תֹּאמַר.** לַחֲבֵרֶיךָ הַחוֹלְקִים עָלֶיךָ **קַבְּלוּ דַּעְתִּי** שֶׁאֲנִי מֻמְחֶה וּבְלֹא הַצֵּרוּף שֶׁלָּכֶם הָיִיתִי יָכוֹל לָדוּן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And don't say":** to your colleagues that disagree with him, "Accept my opinion, since I am an expert and I could have judged without your association."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:8:4)

**שֶׁהֵן רַשָּׁאִין וְלֹא אַתָּה.** הוֹאִיל וְצֵרַפְתָּ אוֹתָם עִמְּךָ רָאוּי שֶׁיִּפָּסֵק הַדִּין עַל פִּי הָרַבִּים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"for they are permitted and not you":** Given that you have joined them to you, it is fitting that he should decide according to the majority.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:9:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:9:1)

**הַמְקַיֵּם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעֹנִי.** שֶׁהוּא דָּחוּק לִמְזוֹנוֹת וּמִתְבַּטֵּל מִמְּלַאכְתּוֹ כְּדֵי לַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One who implements the Torah in poverty":** who is pressed for food and abstains from his work to be involved in Torah [studies].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:9:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:9:2)

**הַמְבַטֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעֹשֶׁר.** מֵחֲמַת רֹב הַמָּמוֹן צָרִיךְ לִתֵּן לִבּוֹ פַּעַם לְכָאן וּפַעַם לְכָאן וְאֵין לוֹ פְּנַאי לַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"One that disregards the Torah in wealth":** Due to abundance of his [assets], he needs to put his attention sometimes to this, sometimes to that, and [so] has no free time to be involved in Torah [studies].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:10:1)

**הֱוֵי מְמַעֵט בְּעֵסֶק.** הַמְעֵט בְּעֵסֶק סְחוֹרָתְךָ וּמְלַאכְתְּךָ, וְיִהְיֶה עִקַּר עִסְקְךָ בַּתּוֹרָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Minimize business":** Minimize occupation with your merchandise and your craft, and let your main occupation be in Torah [study].


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:10:2)

**וֶהֱוֵי שְׁפַל רוּחַ בִּפְנֵי כָל אָדָם.** לִלְמֹד אֲפִלּוּ מִמִּי שֶׁהוּא קָטָן מִמְּךָ בְּחָכְמָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Be humble of spirit before everyone":** to learn even from someone lesser than you in wisdom.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:10:3)

**יֵשׁ לְךָ בְטֵלִים הַרְבֵּה כְנֶגְדָּךְ.** שֶׁיְּסַיְּעוּ לְבַטֶּלְךָ. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, יֵשׁ בָּעוֹלָם כַּמָּה בְּטֵלִים שֶׁהֵם הָרְשָׁעִים וְחַיּוֹת רָעוֹת שֶׁהֵם בְּטֵלִים, וְעַל יָדָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יָבִיא עָלֶיךָ פֻּרְעָנוּת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"many reasons for neglecting it (*batelim*) will be presented to you":** that will assist to have you neglect it. Another explanation [which understands the word, *batelim*, as idle ones]: There are several idle ones in the world, which are the evildoers and bad animals which are idle ones; and through them, the Holy One, blessed be He, will bring punishments to you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:10:4)

**וְאִם עָסַקְתָּ בַתּוֹרָה.** הוּא עַצְמוֹ יְשַׁלֵּם שְׂכָרְךָ וְלֹא עַל יְדֵי שָׁלִיחַ. וּבְזֶה יְתֵרָה מִדָּה טוֹבָה עַל מִדַּת פֻּרְעָנוּת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And if you labor in Torah":** He, Himself will pay your reward, and not through an agent. And in this, the measure of good is greater than the measure of punishment.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:11:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:11:1)

**פְּרַקְלִיט.** מַלְאַךְ מֵלִיץ טוֹב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Defender":** A good interceding angel.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:11:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:11:2)

**קַטֵּגוֹר.** מֵלִיץ רַע. וּלְשׁוֹן קַטֵּגוֹר, קוֹרֵא תִּגָּר. וְסַנֵּגוֹר שֶׁהוּא הֵפֶךְ קַטֵּגוֹר, פֵּרוּשׁוֹ שׂוֹנֵא תִּגָּר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"prosecutor (*katigor*)":** A bad interceder. And the expression *katigor* is [from] *koreh tagar* (one who calls out complaints). And the explanation of *sanigor*, which is the opposite of *katigor*, is *soneh tagar* (one who hates complaints).


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:12:1)

**יְהִי כְבוֹד תַּלְמִידְךָ חָבִיב עָלֶיךָ כְּשֶׁלְּךָ.** שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בְּמֹשֶׁה שֶׁאָמַר לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ תַּלְמִידוֹ בְּחַר לָנוּ אֲנָשִׁים (שמות יז), עֲשָׂאוֹ שָׁוֶה לוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Let the honor of your student be dear to you as your own":** As so do we find with Moshe, who said to Yehoshua, his student (Exodus 17:9), "choose for us men" - he made him equal to him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:12:2)

**וּכְבוֹד חֲבֵרְךָ כְּמוֹרָא רַבְּךָ.** דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ אַהֲרֹן לְמֹשֶׁה בִּי אֲדֹנִי (במדבר יב), וְאָחִיו גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְּשָׁנִים הָיָה וְקָרֵי לֵיהּ אֲדֹנִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the honor of your fellow like the reverence of your teacher":** As Aharon said to Moshe (Numbers 12:11), "my apologies to my master" - his brother was older than him in years and he [still] called him, "my master."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:12:3)

**וּמוֹרָא רַבְּךָ כְּמוֹרָא שָׁמָיִם.** דִּכְתִיב (שם י"א) אֲדֹנִי מֹשֶׁה כְּלָאֵם, כָּלֵּם מִן הָעוֹלָם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁמָּרְדוּ בְּךָ כְּאִלּוּ מָרְדוּ בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְחַיָּבִים כְּלָיָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the reverence of your teacher like the reverence of Heaven":** As it is written (Numbers 11:28), "my master Moshe, destroy them" - destroy them from the world. [He meant by this to say,] "Since they rebelled against you, it is as if they rebelled against the Holy One, blessed be He and they are liable for destruction."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:1)

**הֱוֵי זָהִיר בַּתַּלְמוּד.** שֶׁיְּהֵא תַּלְמוּדְךָ בְּדִקְדּוּק וְכַהֲלָכָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Be careful in study":** such that your study should be exact and according to the law.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:2)

**שֶׁשִּׁגְגַת תַּלְמוּד עוֹלָה זָדוֹן.** אִם תִּטְעֶה בְּהוֹרָאָה מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלֹּא דִּקְדַּקְתָּ בְּתַלְמוּדְךָ וְתָבֹא לְהַתִּיר אֶת הָאָסוּר, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַעֲלֶה עַל יָדְךָ כְּאִלּוּ עָשִׂיתָ מֵזִיד:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"for an error in study is considered an intentional transgression":** If you err in a legal decision from your not being exact in your study, and you come to permit the forbidden; the Holy One, blessed be He, considers it for you as if you had done it intentionally.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:3)

**שְׁלֹשָׁה כְתָרִים הֵם.** הַכְּתוּבִים בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁחִיְּבָה הַתּוֹרָה לִנְהֹג בָּהֶם כָּבוֹד:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"There are three crowns:"** that are written in the Torah, that the Torah obligates to treat with honor.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:4)

**כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה.** כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ (ויקרא יט) וְהָדַרְתָּ פְּנֵי זָקֵן, זֶה שֶׁקָּנָה חָכְמָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"the crown of Torah":** About it is written (Leviticus 19:32), "and you shall respect the face of the elder (*zaken*)" - the one who has acquired wisdom (the first letters of these words, *zeh [she]kanah chochmah*, spell out *zaken*).


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:5)

**כֶּתֶר כְּהֻנָּה.** כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ (שם כ"א) וְקִדַּשְׁתּוֹ קָדוֹשׁ יִהְיֶה לָךְ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"the crown of priesthood":** About it is written (Leviticus 21:8), "And you shall sanctify him" - he shall be holy to you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:6)

**כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת.** כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ (דברים י"ז) שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ, שֶׁתְּהֵא אֵימָתוֹ עָלֶיךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the crown of the monarchy":** About it is written (Deuteronomy 17:15), "Surely place upon yourself a king" - that his fear should be upon you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:7
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:13:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:13:7)

**וְכֶתֶר שֵׁם טוֹב.** מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים וּשְׁמוּעָתוֹ טוֹבָה מֵחֲמַת מַעֲשָׂיו, לֹא מָצִינוּ לוֹ כֶּתֶר בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁיִּהְיוּ חַיָּבִים לִנְהֹג בּוֹ כָּבוֹד, וְהוּא עוֹלֶה עַל גַּבֵּי כֻּלָּן, שֶׁכָּל הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה כְּתָרִים צְרִיכִים לוֹ. שֶׁאִם תַּלְמִיד חָכָם הוּא וְסַנִּי שׁוּמְעָנֵיהּ, שָׁרֵי לְבִזּוּיֵהּ. וְאִם כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל הוּא, אָמְרִינַן בְּיוֹמָא (דף ע"א) יֵיתוֹן בְּנֵי עַמְמַיָא לִשְׁלָם דְּעָבְדִין עוּבְדֵי אַהֲרֹן, וְלֹא יֵיתוֹן בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן לִשְׁלָם דְּלֹא עָבְדִין עוּבְדֵי אַהֲרֹן. וְאִם מֶלֶךְ הוּא, כְּתִיב (שמות כב) וְנָשִׂיא בְּעַמְּךָ לֹא תָאֹר, בְּעוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֶׂה עַמְּךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"but the crown of a good name":** Whoever has in his hand good deeds and a good reputation because of his deeds - we have not found a crown for him in the Torah such that one is obligated to honor [its bearer]. But it **rides on top of them all,** as all three of the crowns require it. Since if he is a Torah scholar and his reputation is hateful, it is permissible to disgrace him. And if he is the high priest, we say in Yoma 71b, "Let the children of the nations come in peace who are doing the deeds of Aharon and let not the sons of Aharon come in peace who are not doing the acts of Aharon. And if he is a king, it is written (Exodus 22:27), "and a prince among your people you shall not curse" - when he does the actions of your people.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:14:1)

**הֱוֵי גּוֹלֶה לִמְקוֹם תּוֹרָה.** אִם אֵין תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים בִּמְקוֹמְךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Exile yourself to a place of Torah":** if there are no Torah scholars in your place.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:14:2)

**וְאַל תֹּאמַר שֶׁהִיא תָּבֹא אַחֲרֶיךָ.** תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים יָבֹאוּ לְכָאן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and do not say that it will follow after you":** Torah scholars will come here.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:14:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:14:3)

**שֶׁחֲבֵרֶיךָ יְקַיְּמוּהָ בְיָדֶךָ.** וְאַל תִּסְמֹךְ שֶׁחֲבֵרֶיךָ כְּשֶׁיָּבֹאוּ מִבֵּית הָרַב יְקַיְּמוּ הַתּוֹרָה בְּיָדְךָ, שֶׁתִּלְמֹד מֵהֶם מַה שֶּׁלָּמְדוּ הֵם מִן הָרַב. אֶלָּא הֱוֵי גּוֹלֶה אַתָּה בְעַצְמְךָ לִמְקוֹם הָרַב, שֶׁאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה שׁוֹמֵעַ מִפִּי תַּלְמִיד לְשׁוֹמֵעַ מִפִּי הָרַב. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, שֶׁחֲבֵרֶיךָ יְקַיְּמוּהָ בְּיָדֶךָ, מִפְּנֵי מָה אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לְךָ הֱוֵי גּוֹלֶה לִמְקוֹם תּוֹרָה, שֶׁחֲבֵרֶיךָ יְקַיְּמוּהָ בְּיָדֶךָ, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אַתָּה חָרִיף וּמְפֻלְפָּל בְּיוֹתֵר לֹא תִּתְקַיֵּם הַתּוֹרָה בְּךָ אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי חֲבֵרֶיךָ שֶׁתִּשָּׂא וְתִתֵּן עִמָּהֶם, וְהַיְנוּ דִּמְסַיֵּם וְאֶל בִּינָתְךָ אַל תִּשָּׁעֵן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"that your colleagues will make it yours":** And do not rely upon your colleagues when they return from the house of the teacher that they will make it yours, such that you will learn from them what they learned from the teacher. But rather, exile yourself - you yourself - to the place of the teacher, since learning from the mouth of the student is not the same as learning from the mouth of the teacher. Another explanation: "as your colleagues will make it yours" - Why do I say to you, "Exile yourself to a place of Torah?" Because "your colleagues will make it yours;" as even if you are sharp and extremely analytical, the Torah will only be yours through your colleagues with whom you give and take. And that is [the reason] that it ends, **"Do not rely on your understanding."**


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:15:1)

**אֵין בְּיָדֵינוּ.** כְּמוֹ לֹא הֲוָה בְּיָדֵיהּ (יבמות קה.). כְּלוֹמַר אֵין הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה יָדוּעַ לָנוּ מַדּוּעַ דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים צָלֵחָה וּמִפְּנֵי מָה הַצַּדִּיקִים מְדֻכָּאִים בְּיִסּוּרִין. פֵּרוּשׁ אַחֵר, אֵין לָנוּ בִּזְמַן הַגָּלוּת לֹא מִשַּׁלְוָה וְהַשְׁקֵט שֶׁרָגִיל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָתֵת לָרְשָׁעִים כְּדֵי לְטָרְדָן מִן הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְאַף לֹא מִן הַיִּסּוּרִים הַמְיֻחָדִים לַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁהֵן יִסּוּרִים שֶׁל אַהֲבָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהֵן בִּטּוּל תּוֹרָה. כְּלוֹמַר יָצָאנוּ מִכְּלָל רְשָׁעִים, שֶׁאֵין לָנוּ הַשַּׁלְוָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָרְשָׁעִים, וְלִכְלַל צַדִּיקִים לֹא הִגַּעְנוּ, שֶׁהַיִּסּוּרִים שֶׁלָּנוּ אֵינָן שֶׁל אַהֲבָה כְּיִסּוּרֵי הַצַּדִּיקִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"We do not have in our hands":** Like (Yevamot 105a), "it was not in his hand;" meaning to say this matter is not known to us, why the way of the wicked is successful and for what reason the righteous are suffering with afflictions. Another explanation: During the time of the exile, we do not have any of the tranquility and quiet that the Holy One, blessed be He, is accustomed to give to the wicked in order to drive them out of the world to come; and not even any of the afflictions that are designated for the righteous, which are the 'afflictions of love,' which do not entail the squandering of Torah [study]. This is to say, we have left the category of the wicked, as we do not have the tranquility that the wicked have; but we have not reached the category of the righteous, as our afflictions are not ['afflictions] of love,' like the afflictions of the righteous.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:15:2)

**הֱוֵי מַקְדִּים שָׁלוֹם לְכָל אָדָם.** וַאֲפִלּוּ לְנָכְרִי בַּשּׁוּק:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Be the first to greet every person":** and even to a gentile in the marketplace.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:15:3)

**וֶהֱוֵי זָנָב לָאֲרָיוֹת.** לִגְדוֹלִים מִמְּךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and be a tail to lions":** [meaning] to those greater than you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:15:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:15:4)

**וְלֹא רֹאשׁ לַשּׁוּעָלִים.** לַקְּטַנִּים מִמְּךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and do not be a head to foxes":** [meaning] to those lesser than you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:16:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:16:1)

**בַּפְּרוֹזְדוֹר.** בֵּית שַׁעַר. תַּרְגּוּם אוּלָם, פְּרוֹזְדוֹרָא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Hallway (*prozdor*)":** A gatehouse. The [Aramaic] translation of chamber is *prozdora*.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:16:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:16:2)

**טְרַקְלִין.** מְקוֹם מוֹשַׁב הַמֶּלֶךְ. כָּךְ אַתָּה הַתְקֵן עַצְמְךָ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּזְכֶּה לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"drawing room":** The place where the king sits. So [too], you should fix yourself in this world so that you will merit the world to come.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:17:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:17:1)

**יָפָה שָׁעָה אַחַת בִּתְשׁוּבָה.** לְצֹרֶךְ תְּשׁוּבָה וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Better is one hour of repentance":** [meaning] for the sake of repentance and good deeds.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:17:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:17:2)

**מִכָּל חַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.** לְפִי שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ זְמַן אֵין הַתְּשׁוּבָה וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים מְהַנִּים לָאָדָם, שֶׁאֵין הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא אֶלָּא לְקַבֵּל שָׂכָר עַל מַה שֶּׁקִּיֵּם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"than all the time in the world to come":** Because at that time, repentance and good deeds do not benefit a person, as the world to come is only for the receiving of reward for that which he observed in this world.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:18:1)

**אַל תְּרַצֶּה אֶת חֲבֵרְךָ בִשְׁעַת כַּעֲסוֹ.** דִּכְתִיב (שמות לג) פָּנַי יֵלֵכוּ וַהֲנִחוֹתִי לָךְ, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, הַמְתֵּן עַד שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ פָּנִים שֶׁל זַעַם (ברכות ז.):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Do not try to assuage the anger of your friend at the time of his anger":** As it is written (Exodus 33:14), "My presence (literally, face) will go and I will give you to rest" - said the Holy One, blessed be He, to Moshe, "Wait until My face of anger passes" (Berakhot 7a).


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:18:2)

**וְאַל תְּנַחֲמֶנּוּ בְשָׁעָה שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מֻטָּל לְפָנָיו.** שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת הַחֻרְבָּן כִּבְיָכוֹל הָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִתְאַבֵּל, בִּקְּשׁוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת לְנַחֲמוֹ, וְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְשִׁיבָן (ישעיהו כ״ב:ד׳) אַל תָּאִיצוּ לְנַחֲמֵנִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"do not console him at the time when his deceased lies before him":** As at the time of the [Temple's] destruction - as if it were possible - the Holy One, blessed be He, was mourning. [When] the ministering angels tried to console Him, the holy spirit answered them, "Do not rush to console Me."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:18:3)

**וְאַל תִּשְׁאַל לוֹ בִשְׁעַת נִדְרוֹ.** לִמְצֹא פְּתָחִים לְהַתִּיר לוֹ אֶת נִדְרוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָז עַל כָּל פֶּתַח וּפֶתַח שֶׁתִּמְצָא לוֹ יֹאמַר אַדַּעְתָּא דְהָכִי נָדַרְתִּי, וְשׁוּב לֹא תִּמְצָא לוֹ פֶּתַח. וּמָצִינוּ כְּשֶׁנִּשְׁבַּע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ לֹא הִתְחַנֵּן מִיָּד אֶלָּא הִמְתִּין וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִתְחִיל לְהִתְחַנֵּן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"do not question him at the time of his vow":** to find an opening (loophole) to annul his vow. Because then, on each and every opening that you find for him, he will say, "I made the vow with that in mind [meaning that he wanted the vow to be operative in spite of the loophole]" - and then you will no longer be able to find him an opening. And we have found that when the Holy One, blessed be He, swore to Moshe that he should not enter the Land, he did not plead immediately, but rather waited and afterwards began to plead.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:18:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:18:4)

**בִּשְׁעַת קַלְקָלָתוֹ.** כְּשֶׁנִּתְקַלְקֵל בְּחֵטְא. לְפִי שֶׁהוּא מִתְבַּיֵּשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם. וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא כְּשֶׁחָטָא אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן לֹא נִגְלָה עֲלֵיהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַד שֶׁעָשׂוּ חֲגוֹרוֹת, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית ג) וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם חֲגוֹרוֹת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶת קוֹל ה' אֱלֹהִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"at the time of his humiliation":** when he is humiliated by sin, as he is embarrassed from everyone. And so [too] do you find that when Adam sinned, the Holy One, blessed be He, did not reveal Himself to them until they made loincloths, as it is written (Genesis 3:7), "and they made for themselves loincloths," and afterwards, "and they heard the voice of the Lord God."


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:19:1)

**בִּנְפֹל אוֹיִבְךָ אַל תִּשְׂמָח.** פָּסוּק הוּא בְּמִשְׁלֵי, אֶלָּא שֶׁשְּׁמוּאֵל הַקָּטָן הָיָה רָגִיל לְהוֹכִיחַ בְּנֵי אָדָם בְּמִדָּה זוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'When your enemy falls, do not be happy'":** It is a verse in Proverbs, but Shmuel the Younger was accustomed to rebuking people with this attribute.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:19:2)

**פֶּן יִרְאֶה ה' וְרַע בְּעֵינָיו.** שֶׁעֲשִׂיתוֹ בִּלְבָבְךָ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא שְׁלוּחֲךָ לְמַלְאוֹת תַּאֲוָתְךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'Lest God see and it be bad in His eyes'":** that you have made Him in your heart as if He is your agent to fulfill your desire.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:19:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:19:3)

**וְהֵשִׁיב מֵעָלָיו אַפּוֹ.** מִדְּלֹא כְּתִיב וְשָׁב אֶלָּא וְהֵשִׁיב, מַשְׁמַע יַסִּירֵהוּ מֵעַל אוֹיְבֶיךָ וִישִׁיבֵהוּ עָלֶיךָ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"'and He turn from him [the enemy] His anger'":** Since it did not write, "and He return (*veshav*) but rather, and He turn (*veheshiv*), it is implied that He removes it from your enemy and turns it upon you.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:20:1)

**עַל נְיָר חָדָשׁ.** שֶׁהוּא מִתְקַיֵּם. כָּךְ גִּרְסַת הַיַּלְדוּת אֵינָהּ מִשְׁתַּכַּחַת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"On new parchment":** [upon which the writing] lasts. So [too], the memorized teaching of youth is not forgotten.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:20:2)

**עֲנָבִים קֵהוֹת.** שֶׁלֹּא נִתְבַּשְּׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן וּמַקְהוֹת אֶת הַשִּׁינַיִם. כָּךְ חָכְמַת הַיֶּלֶד לֹא נִתְיַשְּׁבָה כָּל צָרְכָּהּ וְאֵין דְּבָרָיו מִתְקַבְּלִים וּמִתְיַשְּׁבִים עַל הַלֵּב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"unripe grapes":** which have not completely ripened and [so] set the teeth on edge. So [too], the wisdom of the child is not completely ripened and [so] his words are not accepted and don't sit well with the heart.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:20:3)

**יַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ.** שֶׁשְּׁמָרָיו מְעֹרָבִים בְּתוֹכוֹ. כָּךְ חָכְמַת הַיֶּלֶד תַּעֲרֹבֶת סְפֵקוֹת יֵשׁ בָּהּ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"wine from its press":** in which sediment is mixed in. So [too], the wisdom of the child has a mixture of questions in it.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:20:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:20:4)

**רַבִּי אוֹמֵר אַל תִּסְתַּכֵּל בַּקַּנְקַן.** רַבִּי פָּלֵיג אַדְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, וְאָמַר כִּי כְּמוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ קַנְקַן חָדָשׁ מָלֵא יַיִן יָשָׁן כָּךְ יֵשׁ יֶלֶד שֶׁטַּעֲמוֹ כְּטַעַם זְקֵנִים, וְיֵשׁ זְקֵנִים פְּחוּתִים בְּמַעֲלַת הַחָכְמָה מִן הַיְלָדִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Rebbi says, "Do not look at the jug":** Rebbi disagrees with Rabbi Yose bar Yehuda and said that just like there is a new jug full of old wine, so [too] there is a child whose reasoning is like the reasoning of the elders and there are elders who are lower in their level of wisdom than children.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:21:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:21:1)

**וְהַתַּאֲוָה.** הַמְבַקֵּשׁ לְמַלְאוֹת תַּאֲוָתוֹ בַּאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה וּבְעִילָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And lust":** One who wants to fill his lust by eating and drinking and sexual intercourse and similar things.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:21:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:21:2)

**וְהַכָּבוֹד.** שֶׁיְּכַבְּדוּהוּ בְּנֵי אָדָם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and honor":** That people should honor him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:1
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:1)

**הַיִלּוֹדִים לָמוּת.** מִי שֶׁנּוֹלַד כְּבָר עָתִיד הוּא לָמוּת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Those that are born will die":** Whoever is already born, he will die in the future.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:2
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:2)

**וְהַמֵּתִים.** עֲתִידִים לִחְיוֹת וְלַעֲמֹד לְיוֹם הַדִּין, אֵלֶּה לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם, וְאֵלֶּה לַחֲרָפוֹת וּלְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and those that are dead":** will live [again] in the future and stand [trial] at the day of judgement, these to [receive] eternal life and those to [receive] disgrace and eternal shame.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:3
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:3)

**וְחַיִּים לִדּוֹן.** עוֹמְדִין לִהְיוֹת נִדּוֹנִים לְיוֹם הַדִּין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and the living to judge":** They are standing to be judged on the day of judgement.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:4
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:4)

**לֵידַע.** מֵאֲחֵרִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"[It is necessary] to know":** from others.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:5
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:5)

**וּלְהוֹדִיעַ.** לַאֲחֵרִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"to make known":** to others.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:6
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:6)

**וּלְהִוָּדַע.** לְהָבִין מֵעַצְמוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and to become conscious":** to understand on his own.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:7
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:7)

**הוּא הַיּוֹצֵר.** שֶׁכָּל הָעוֹלָם הוּא בְּיָדוֹ כְּחֹמֶר בְּיַד הַיּוֹצֵר. וּמַה טַּעַם, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא הַבּוֹרֵא שֶׁבָּרָא אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ מֵאַיִן, לְפִיכָךְ יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת בּוֹ כִּרְצוֹנוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"He is the Maker":** As the whole world is in His hand like clay in the hand of the [craftsman]. And what is the reason? Because **"He is the Creator"** that created the whole world ex nihilo. Therefore He can do with it according to His will.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:8
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:8)

**הוּא הַמֵּבִין הוּא הַדַּיָּן.** אַחַר שֶׁהֵבִין כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם מְבִיאָן בַּדִּין לְפָנָיו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"He is the Understander, He is the Judge":** Since he understands all of their deeds, He brings them to judgment in front of Him.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:9
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:9)

**הוּא בַעַל דִּין.** שֶׁהוּא תּוֹבֵעַ אֶת הַחוֹטְאִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"He is the Litigant":** as he prosecutes the sinners.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:10
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:10)

**וְהוּא עָתִיד לָדוּן.** לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and He is destined to judge:"** in the world to come.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:11
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:11)

**וְלֹא מַשּׂוֹא פָנִים וְלֹא מִקַּח שֹׁחַד.** שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹשֵׂא פָנִים אֲפִלּוּ לְצַדִּיק גָּמוּר שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲנִישׁוֹ עַל עֲבֵרָה קַלָּה שֶׁבָּאת לְיָדוֹ. וְאֵינוֹ לוֹקֵחַ שֹׁחַד הַמִּצְוָה בִּשְׁבִיל הָעֲבֵרָה. אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן שָׂכָר עַל הַמִּצְוָה וְעֹנֶשׁ עַל הָעֲבֵרָה. כָּךְ פֵּרֵשׁ הָרַמְבַּ"ם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"no respect of persons, no taking of bribes":** as he does not have respect of persons, even for the completely righteous; that he should not punish him for the light sin that came to his hand. And he does not take the bribe of [the fulfillment of] a commandment for the sin, but rather gives the reward for the commandment and the punishment for the sin. So explained Rambam.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:12
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:12)

**וְדַע שֶׁהַכֹּל בָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן.** פְּרוּטָה וּפְרוּטָה מִצְטָרֶפֶת לְחֶשְׁבּוֹן גָּדוֹל. כָּךְ עֲבֵרוֹת קַלּוֹת כְּשֶׁהֵן מְרֻבּוֹת עוֹלוֹת לְחֶשְׁבּוֹן גָּדוֹל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"And know that everything is according to the reckoning":** All the small amounts join together to a large sum. So when light sins are numerous, they add up to a large sum.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:13
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:13)

**שֶׁעַל כָּרְחֲךָ אַתָּה נוֹצָר.** שֶׁהַנְּשָׁמָה אֵינָהּ רוֹצָה לָצֵאת מִן הַפַּרְגּוֹד, מָקוֹם טָהוֹר שֶׁהַנְּשָׁמוֹת מֻנָּחוֹת שָׁם, וְלִכָּנֵס בִּמְעֵי אִשָּׁה בְּמָקוֹם טָמֵא, וּמַלְאָךְ בָּא וּמוֹצִיאָהּ בְּעַל כָּרְחָהּ וּמַכְנִיסָהּ בִּמְעֵי הָאִשָּׁה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"because against your will you were created":** As the soul does not want to exit from [behind] the curtain - the holy place where the souls repose - and to enter the innards of a woman in an impure place. And an angel comes and brings it out against its will and places it in the innards of the woman.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:14
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:14)

**וְעַל כָּרְחֲךָ אַתָּה נוֹלָד.** בִּשְׁעַת הַלֵּידָה אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לָצֵאת, וּמַלְאָךְ מוֹצִיאוֹ בְּעַל כָּרְחוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and against your will you were born":** At the time of birth, [the baby] does not want to go out and the angel brings it out against its will.


###### Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:15
[Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 4:22:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bartenura%20on%20Pirkei%20Avot/r/4:22:15)

**וְעַל כָּרְחֲךָ אַתָּה חַי.** יֵשׁ אָדָם מְדֻכָּא בְּיִסּוּרִים וְרוֹצֶה לָמוּת וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"and against your will you live":** There is [the case of] a man who is suffering with afflictions and wants to die but cannot.