## Bava Batra Daf 20b

###### Bava Batra 20b:1
[Bava Batra 20b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:1)

דְּלֵית בַּהּ שִׁיעוּרָא; כְּדִתְנַן: חֶרֶס – כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן בֵּין פַּצִּים לַחֲבֵירוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: This is referring to a case **where** the shard **does not have** the sufficient **measure** for ritual impurity, and is therefore considered insignificant. **As we learned** in a mishna (*Shabbat* 82a): One who carries a shard of **earthenware** on Shabbat is liable only if it is **equivalent** in size to that which is used **to place between one pillar and another** when they are piled on the ground, to strengthen the pillars.


###### Bava Batra 20b:2
[Bava Batra 20b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:2)

כְּלִי חֶרֶס – חֲזֵי לֵיהּ! דְּמִיטַּנַּף. חֲזֵי לְאוּמָּנָא! דִּמְנַקַּב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* teaches: **An earthenware vessel** reduces the dimensions of a window. The Gemara challenges: But it is **fit for one** to use; therefore, it is likely to be removed from the window. The Gemara answers: This is referring to a case **where** the earthenware **is dirty.** The Gemara challenges: Even so, **it is fit for a bloodletter** to collect the blood. It would not matter to him if the earthenware were dirty. The Gemara answers: It is referring to a case **where it is perforated** and therefore unfit for that use.


###### Bava Batra 20b:3
[Bava Batra 20b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:3)

סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה – חֲזֵי לְמִקְרָא! בְּבָלוּי. וְהָא בָּעֵי גְּנִיזָה! שָׁם תְּהֵא גְּנִיזָתָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* teaches: **A Torah scroll** reduces the dimensions of a window. The Gemara challenges: But it **is fit for reading;** therefore, it might be removed. The Gemara answers: This is referring to a Torah scroll **that is worn out** and unfit for reading. The Gemara challenges: **But** one is **required** to place the Torah scroll in **a repository** for unusable sacred books; therefore, he will certainly remove it to be stored away. The Gemara answers: This is referring to one who determines that **its repository will be there.** In other words, it was placed in the window with the intent of storing it there in its worn-out state.


###### Bava Batra 20b:4
[Bava Batra 20b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:4)

וְאָמַר רַב: בַּכֹּל עוֹשִׂין מְחִיצָה, חוּץ מִמֶּלַח וּרְבָב. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ מֶלַח. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: וְלָא פְּלִיגִי – הָא בְּמֶלַח סְדוֹמִית, הָא בְּמֶלַח אִיסְתְּרוֹקָנִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ With regard to the *halakha* of the *baraita* referring to salt, the Gemara cites that which **Rav says: One can construct a barrier** to delineate a private domain on Shabbat or to block the spreading of ritual impurity **with anything except for salt and fat,** as salt crumbles and fat melts in the heat. **And Shmuel says: Even salt** can be used as a barrier. **Rav Pappa said: And they do not disagree,** as **this** ruling of Shmuel is referring to **Sodomite salt,** which is like stone and can be used as a barrier, and **that** ruling of Rav is referring **to *isterokanit* salt,** which is taken from the sea and is composed of grains.


###### Bava Batra 20b:5
[Bava Batra 20b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:5)

וְהַשְׁתָּא דְּאָמַר רַבָּה: עוֹשֶׂה אָדָם שְׁנֵי צִבּוּרֵי מֶלַח וּמַנִּיחַ עֲלֵיהֶם קוֹרָה, שֶׁהַמֶּלַח מַעֲמֶדֶת אֶת הַקּוֹרָה וְהַקּוֹרָה מַעֲמֶדֶת אֶת הַמֶּלַח; אֲפִילּוּ מֶלַח אִיסְתְּרוֹקָנִית – וְלָא פְּלִיגִי: הָא דְּאִיכָּא קוֹרָה, הָא דְּלֵיכָּא קוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara adds: **And now that Rabba said:** If **a person makes two piles of salt** at the opening to an alleyway **and places** a cross **beam on top of them,** so **that the salt supports the** cross **beam and the** cross **beam supports the salt** by weighing it down and compressing it, he can use this beam to render it permitted to carry in the alleyway on Shabbat, one can say that **even *isterokanit* salt** can be used as a barrier. **And** even so, Rav and Shmuel **do not disagree: This** ruling of Shmuel is referring to a case **where there is** a cross **beam** to weigh the salt down, and **that** ruling of Rava is referring to a case where **there is no** cross **beam.**


###### Bava Batra 20b:6
[Bava Batra 20b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:6)

מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָרֵיחַיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁכֶב, שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָרֶכֶב וְכוּ׳. מַאי טַעְמָא? מִשּׁוּם טִירְיָא. וְהָא תַּנְיָא: וְשֶׁל חֲמוֹר – שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הָאִיסְטְרוֹבֵיל שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הַקֶּלֶת; הָתָם מַאי טִירְיָא אִיכָּא? אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם קָלָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that **one must distance a mill** from a neighbor’s wall by a distance of **three** handbreadths **from the lower stone** of the mill, **which is four** handbreadths **from the upper stone** of the mill. The Gemara asks: **What is the reason** that one must distance a mill from the property of his neighbor? It is **due to the vibrations** it causes. The Gemara asks: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: **And** the measure for distancing a mill **on a base** is **three** handbreadths **from the lower millstone [*ha’isterobil*], which is four** handbreadths **from the mouth [*hakelet*],** where the wheat is fed in? But **there, what vibrations are there? Rather,** the reason for the distancing is **due to the noise** generated by the mill.


###### Bava Batra 20b:7
[Bava Batra 20b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:7)

וְאֶת הַתַּנּוּר – שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַכִּלְיָא, שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הַשָּׂפָה. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ, כִּלְיָא דְּתַנּוּר טֶפַח; נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ לְמִקָּח וּמִמְכָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **And** there must be a distance of **three** handbreadths **from the** protruding **base** of **an oven** until the wall, **which is four** handbreadths **from the** narrow **upper rim** of the oven. **Abaye said: Learn from** the mishna that **the base of an oven** is **a handbreadth** wider than its rim. The practical **difference** of this observation is with respect **to buying and selling,** i.e., a buyer should know that this is the proper ratio for the dimensions of an oven.


###### Bava Batra 20b:8
[Bava Batra 20b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:8)

**מַתְנִי׳** לֹא יַעֲמִיד אָדָם תַּנּוּר בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ עַל גַּבָּיו גּוֹבַהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. הָיָה מַעֲמִידוֹ בַּעֲלִיָּיה – צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא תַּחְתָּיו מַעֲזִיבָה שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. וּבַכִּירָה – טֶפַח.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **A person may not set up an oven inside a house unless there is a space four cubits high above it,** i.e., between the top of the oven and the ceiling, to avoid burning the ceiling, which serves as the floor of the residence above. If **one was setting up** an oven **in the upper story, there must be a plaster floor beneath it,** which serves as the ceiling of the lower story, at least **three handbreadths** thick, so that the ceiling below does not burn. **And** in the case **of a stove** the plaster floor must be at least one **handbreadth** thick.


###### Bava Batra 20b:9
[Bava Batra 20b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:9)

וְאִם הִזִּיק – מְשַׁלֵּם מַה שֶּׁהִזִּיק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לֹא אָמְרוּ כׇּל הַשִּׁיעוּרִין הָאֵלּוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם הִזִּיק – פָּטוּר מִלְּשַׁלֵּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if** he **causes damage** in any case, **he pays** compensation for that **which he damaged. Rabbi Shimon says: They said all of these measurements** to teach **only that if he causes damage he is exempt from paying,** as he took all reasonable precautions.


###### Bava Batra 20b:10
[Bava Batra 20b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:10)

לֹא יִפְתַּח אָדָם חֲנוּת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִין תַּחַת אוֹצָרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ, וְלֹא רֶפֶת בָּקָר. בֶּאֱמֶת בַּיַּיִן הִתִּירוּ, אֲבָל לֹא רֶפֶת בָּקָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **A person may not open a bakery or a dye shop beneath the storeroom of another, and** he **may not** establish **a cattle barn** there, as these produce heat, smoke, and odors, which rise and damage the items in the storeroom. The mishna comments: **In truth,** the *halakha* is that in the case **of** a storeroom of **wine** the Sages rendered it **permitted** to set up a bakery and a dye shop beneath, as the heat that rises does not damage the wine. **But** they did **not** render it permitted to establish **a cattle barn,** because its odor damages the wine.


###### Bava Batra 20b:11
[Bava Batra 20b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:11)

**גְּמָ׳** וְהָתַנְיָא: בַּתַּנּוּר אַרְבָּעָה, וּבַכִּירָה שְׁלֹשָׁה! אֲמַר אַבָּיֵי: כִּי תַּנְיָא הָהִיא – בִּדְנַחְתּוֹמִין, דְּתַנּוּר דִּידַן כִּי כִּירָה דְנַחְתּוֹמִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that in the case of **an oven** the plaster floor must be **four** handbreadths thick, **and with regard to a stove** it must be **three?** By contrast, the mishna says that the plaster floor beneath and oven and a stove must be three handbreadths and one handbreadth thick, respectively. **Abaye said: When that** *baraita* **is taught** it is **with regard to** ovens and stoves **of bakers.** Since they bake all day long, their implements get very hot. The **oven** discussed **in our** mishna is similar to **a baker’s stove,** which is why in both cases a distance of three handbreadths is required.


###### Bava Batra 20b:12
[Bava Batra 20b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:12)

לֹא יִפְתַּח חֲנוּת וְכוּ׳. תָּנָא: אִם הָיְתָה רֶפֶת קוֹדֶמֶת לָאוֹצָר – מוּתָּר. בָּעֵי אַבָּיֵי: כִּיבֵּד וְרִיבֵּץ לְאוֹצָר, מַהוּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that one **may not open a bakery** or a dye shop beneath the storeroom of another, and he may not establish a cattle barn there. A Sage **taught: If the cattle barn preceded the storeroom it is permitted,** i.e., the barn owner is not required to move it. With regard to this point, **Abaye raises a dilemma:** If **he cleaned and sprinkled** the area, i.e., he prepared it for use **as a storeroom** but he has not yet filled it, **what is** the *halakha*? Is it considered a storeroom already, and therefore others may no longer put a cattle barn beneath it, or perhaps the *halakha* is that as long as it is empty he cannot prevent others from establishing a cattle barn?


###### Bava Batra 20b:13
[Bava Batra 20b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:13)

רִיבָּה בַּחַלּוֹנוֹת, מַהוּ? אַכְסַדְרָה תַּחַת הָאוֹצָר, מַהוּ? בָּנָה עֲלִיָּיה עַל גַּבֵּי בֵּיתוֹ, מַהוּ? תֵּיקוּ. בָּעֵי רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: תַּמְרֵי וְרִמּוֹנֵי, מַאי? תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Similarly, if he **added windows** for ventilation, which demonstrates his intention to use it as a storeroom, **what** is the *halakha*? Likewise, if he establishes **an enclosed veranda beneath the storeroom, what** is the *halakha*? If he **built an upper room on top of his house** for storage, **what** is the *halakha*? None of these questions are answered, and the Gemara declares that they **shall stand** unresolved. The Gemara cites a similar question: **Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, raises a dilemma:** If he placed **dates and pomegranates** there, **what** is the *halakha*? Is this considered the start of its use as a storeroom or not? No answer was found to this question either, and the Gemara declares: The dilemma **shall stand [*teiku*]** unresolved.


###### Bava Batra 20b:14
[Bava Batra 20b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:14)

בֶּאֱמֶת בְּיַיִן הִתִּירוּ וְכוּ׳. תָּנָא: בְּיַיִן הִתִּירוּ – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּשְׁבִּיחוֹ, וְלֹא רֶפֶת בָּקָר – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּסְרִיחוֹ. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הַאי דִּידַן, אֲפִילּוּ קוּטְרָא דִּשְׁרָגָא נָמֵי קַשְׁיָא לֵיהּ. אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: וְאַסְפַּסְתָּא כְּרֶפֶת בָּקָר דָּמְיָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that **in truth, it is permitted** in the case **of wine** but not in the case of a cattle barn. The Gemara states that a Sage **taught: They permitted** it in the case **of wine because** the heat and the smoke **improve** the wine. **But** they did **not** permit one to establish **a cattle barn, because** a barn **creates a bad odor. Rav Yosef said: This** wine **of ours** spoils quickly, and therefore **even the smoke of a candle also damages it. Rav Sheshet said: And alfalfa [*ve’aspasta*] is considered like a cattle barn** in this regard, because it rots over time and creates a foul odor.


###### Bava Batra 20b:15
[Bava Batra 20b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:15)

**מַתְנִי׳** חֲנוּת שֶׁבְּחָצֵר – יָכוֹל לִמְחוֹת בְּיָדוֹ וְלוֹמַר לוֹ: אֵינִי יָכוֹל לִישַׁן מִקּוֹל הַנִּכְנָסִין וּמִקּוֹל הַיּוֹצְאִין. אֲבָל עוֹשֶׂה כֵּלִים – יוֹצֵא וּמוֹכֵר בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁוּק, וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִמְחוֹת בְּיָדוֹ וְלוֹמַר לוֹ: אֵינִי יָכוֹל לִישַׁן – לֹא מִקּוֹל הַפַּטִּישׁ, וְלֹא מִקּוֹל הָרֵיחַיִם, וְלֹא מִקּוֹל הַתִּינוֹקוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** If a resident wants to open **a store in** his **courtyard,** his neighbor **can protest** to prevent **him** from doing so **and say to him: I am unable to sleep due to the sound of people entering** the store **and the sound of people exiting. But** one **may fashion utensils** in his house and **go out and sell** them **in the market,** despite the fact that he is not allowed to set up a store in the courtyard, **and** the neighbor **cannot protest** against **him** doing so **and say to him: I am unable to sleep due to the sound of the hammer** you use to fashion utensils, **nor** can he say: I cannot sleep **due to the sound of the mill** that you use to grind, **nor** can he say: I cannot sleep **due to the sound of the children.** It is permitted for one to make reasonable use of his own home.


###### Bava Batra 20b:16
[Bava Batra 20b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/20b:16)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי שְׁנָא רֵישָׁא, וּמַאי שְׁנָא סֵיפָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: סֵיפָא אֲתָאן לְחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: אִי הָכִי, לִיתְנֵי: חָצֵר אַחֶרֶת – מוּתָּר! אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **What is different** in **the first clause** of the mishna, which states that one can prevent his neighbor from opening a store in the courtyard because the noise keeps him awake, **and what is different** in **the latter clause,** which states that one cannot protest when his neighbor performs labor that is noisy? **Abaye said:** In **the latter clause we arrive at** the case of one who operates in **another courtyard,** i.e., one cannot prevent activity in a separate courtyard that is connected to the alleyway in which he lives. **Rava said to him: If so, let it teach** that **in a different courtyard it is permitted.** Why does the mishna not specify that it is referring to a different courtyard? **Rather, Rava said:**