## Bava Batra Daf 24b

###### Bava Batra 24b:1
[Bava Batra 24b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:1)

דְּשָׁפוֹכָאֵי – יִשְׂרָאֵל נִינְהוּ. וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּרַבְרְבֵי, אֲבָל זוּטְרֵי – אֵימוֹר מֵעוֹבְרֵי דְרָכִים נְפוּל. וְאִי אִיכָּא רַבְרְבֵי בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ – אֵימוֹר בַּאֲבַרְוָרֵי הֲוָה מַנְּחִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**of those who pour wine** from barrels into jugs **are Jews,** and therefore it is reasonable that the wine belongs to a Jew. The Gemara comments: **And this matter** applies **only to large** jugs. **But** if they were **small** jugs, one can **say** that **they were dropped by travelers,** most of whom are gentiles, and therefore the jugs of wine are forbidden. **And if there are large** jugs **among** the found jugs, **say** that they all belong to Jews, as travelers do not usually carry large jugs; it can be assumed that the small ones **were placed to balance** the donkey’s load, and the jugs all fell together.


###### Bava Batra 24b:2
[Bava Batra 24b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:2)

**מַתְנִי׳** מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָאִילָן מִן הָעִיר עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמָּה, וּבֶחָרוּב וּבַשִּׁקְמָה – חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר: כׇּל אִילַן סְרָק חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. וְאִם הָעִיר קָדְמָה – קוֹצֵץ, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים; וְאִם אִילָן קָדַם – קוֹצֵץ, וְנוֹתֵן דָּמִים; סָפֵק זֶה קָדַם וְסָפֵק זֶה קָדַם – קוֹצֵץ, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One must distance a tree twenty-five cubits from the city, and** in the cases **of a carob tree and of a sycamore tree,** which have a great many branches, they must be distanced **fifty cubits. Abba Shaul says: Every barren tree** must be distanced **fifty cubits. And if the city preceded** the tree, as one later planted the tree alongside the city, he **cuts down** the tree, **and** the city **does not give money** to the tree’s owner in compensation. **And if the tree preceded** the city, which expanded after one planted the tree until it reached the tree, he **cuts down** the tree **and** the city **gives money** to its owner. If it is **uncertain whether this one was first or that one was first,** he **cuts down** the tree **and** the city **does not give money.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:3
[Bava Batra 24b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:3)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר עוּלָּא: מִשּׁוּם נוֹיֵי הָעִיר. וְתִיפּוֹק לֵיהּ דְּאֵין עוֹשִׂין שָׂדֶה מִגְרָשׁ, וְלֹא מִגְרָשׁ שָׂדֶה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **What is the reason** that one must distance a tree from a city? **Ulla says:** It is **due to the beauty of the city,** as it is unattractive for a city’s walls to be obscured by tree branches. The Gemara suggests: **And let him derive** this *halakha* from the statement in tractate *Arakhin* (33b) **that one may neither convert a field** of a city into **an open area** surrounding the city, **nor may one** convert **an open area** into **a field,** as these have fixed places and measurements (see Numbers 35:1–8). If one plants trees in a city’s open area, he thereby turns the open area into a field.


###### Bava Batra 24b:4
[Bava Batra 24b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:4)

לָא צְרִיכָא – לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דְּאָמַר: עוֹשִׂין שָׂדֶה מִגְרָשׁ וּמִגְרָשׁ שָׂדֶה, הָכָא מִשּׁוּם נוֹיֵי הָעִיר לָא עָבְדִינַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **No,** it is **necessary** to supply the reason given by Ulla **according to** the opinion of **Rabbi Elazar, who says:** One **may convert a field** into **an open area, and an open area** into **a field. Here, we do not** plant trees, **due to the beauty of the city.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:5
[Bava Batra 24b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:5)

וּלְרַבָּנַן נָמֵי, דְּאָמְרִי: אֵין עוֹשִׂין שָׂדֶה מִגְרָשׁ וְלֹא מִגְרָשׁ שָׂדֶה – הָנֵי מִילֵּי זְרָעִים, אֲבָל אִילָנוֹת עָבְדִינַן; וְהָכָא מִשּׁוּם נוֹיֵי הָעִיר – לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And according to** the opinion of **the Rabbis as well, who say** that **one may not convert a field** into **an open area, nor** convert **an open area** into **a field,** one can say that **this matter** applies only to **seeds,** i.e., one may not plant seeds in a city’s open area and thereby turn it into a field. **But** with regard to **trees, we do** plant them in an open area. **But here** we do **not** plant trees, **due to the beauty of the city.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:6
[Bava Batra 24b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:6)

וּמְנָא תֵּימְרָא דְּשָׁאנֵי בֵּין זְרָעִין לְאִילָנוֹת? דְּתַנְיָא: קַרְפֵּף יוֹתֵר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם שֶׁהוּקַּף לְדִירָה;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And from where do you say,** i.e., on what basis do you maintain, **that** there is **a difference between seeds and trees? As it is taught** in a *baraita* that discusses the *halakhot* of Shabbat: With regard to **an enclosure [*karpef* ]** whose area is **greater than two *beit se’a*** but **that was enclosed** from the outset **for the purpose of residence,** it is permitted to carry within it on Shabbat regardless of its size, as it is considered a private domain.


###### Bava Batra 24b:7
[Bava Batra 24b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:7)

נִזְרַע רוּבּוֹ – הֲרֵי הוּא כְּגִינָּה, וְאָסוּר; נִיטַּע רוּבּוֹ – הֲרֵי הוּא כְּחָצֵר, וּמוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If subsequently **the greater part of it was sown** with seed crops, **it is** considered **like a garden,** which is not a place of residence, **and it is prohibited** to carry anything within it on Shabbat. If **the greater part of it was planted** with trees, **it is** considered **like a courtyard,** which is a place of dwelling, **and it is permitted** to carry there on Shabbat. This shows that planting trees in an enclosure does not transform the area into a field, as is the case when seeds are planted.


###### Bava Batra 24b:8
[Bava Batra 24b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:8)

וְאִם הָעִיר קָדְמָה – קוֹצֵץ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים וְכוּ׳. מַאי שְׁנָא גַּבֵּי בּוֹר, דְּקָתָנֵי – קוֹצֵץ וְנוֹתֵן דָּמִים; וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא, דְּקָתָנֵי: קוֹצֵץ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches: **And if the city preceded** the tree he **cuts down** the tree, **and** the city **does not give money.** The Gemara asks: **What is different with regard to a cistern, that** the *tanna* of another mishna (25b) **teaches** that if one plants a tree next to a neighbor’s existing cistern, the owner of the tree **cuts down** the tree **and** the owner of the cistern **gives money; and what is different here that** the mishna **teaches** that the owner of the tree **cuts down** the tree **and** the city **does not give money?**


###### Bava Batra 24b:9
[Bava Batra 24b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:9)

אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: קִידְרָא דְּבֵי שׁוּתָּפֵי – לָא חַמִּימָא וְלָא קָרִירָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Kahana said,** citing a popular aphorism: **A pot belonging to partners is neither hot nor cold,** i.e., no one takes responsibility for an item that belongs to several people, as opposed to a single individual. Here too, there is no specific person who will pay for the tree.


###### Bava Batra 24b:10
[Bava Batra 24b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:10)

וּמַאי קוּשְׁיָא? דִּלְמָא שָׁאנֵי הֶזֵּיקָא דְּרַבִּים מֵהֶזֵּיקָא דְּיָחִיד!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And what is the difficulty** to begin with? **Perhaps damage** caused **to public** property **is different from damage** caused to the property **of an individual.** Consequently, when one’s tree causes damage to the public he is not compensated for having to cut it down, whereas he does receive payment when his tree damages a private cistern.


###### Bava Batra 24b:11
[Bava Batra 24b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:11)

אֶלָּא אִי אִיתְּמַר דְּרַב כָּהֲנָא, אַסֵּיפָא אִיתְּמַר – אִם הָאִילָן קָדַם, קוֹצֵץ וְנוֹתֵן דָּמִים. וְלֵימָא לְהוּ: הַבוּ לִי בְּרֵישָׁא דְּמֵי, וַהֲדַר אִיקּוֹץ! אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: קִידְרָא דְּבֵי שׁוּתָּפֵי – לָא חַמִּימָא וְלָא קָרִירָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, if Rav Kahana’s** comment **was stated** in this context, **it was stated about the latter clause: If the tree preceded** the city, he **cuts down** the tree **and** the city **gives money** to its owner. Concerning this *halakha* one could ask: **And let** the tree owner **say to** the city residents: **Give me money first and then I will cut down** the tree. In this context, **Rav Kahana said: A pot belonging to partners is neither hot nor cold.** If the owner of the tree is entitled to wait until he had first collects money, a good deal of time would pass before the tree would be cut down. Therefore, a community need not collect money and pay immediately, unlike an individual.


###### Bava Batra 24b:12
[Bava Batra 24b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:12)

סָפֵק זֶה קָדַם וְסָפֵק זֶה קָדַם – קוֹצֵץ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים. מַאי שְׁנָא מִבּוֹר, דְּאָמְרַתְּ: לֹא יָקוֹץ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that if it is **uncertain whether this one was first or that one was first,** he **cuts down** the tree **and** the city **does not give money.** The Gemara asks: In **what** way **is** this case **different from** that of a tree alongside **a cistern,** concerning **which you said** in the mishna (25b) that in a case of uncertainty the owner of the tree need **not cut down** the tree?


###### Bava Batra 24b:13
[Bava Batra 24b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:13)

הָתָם – דְּוַדַּאי לָאו לְמִיקַּץ קָאֵי, סְפֵיקוֹ נָמֵי לָא אָמְרִינַן לֵיהּ ״קוֹץ״; הָכָא – דְּוַדַּאי לְמִיקַּץ קָאֵי, סְפֵיקוֹ נָמֵי אָמְרִינַן לֵיהּ ״קוֹץ״. וְאִי מִשּׁוּם דְּמֵי – אָמְרִינַן לֵיהּ: אַיְיתִי רְאָיָה וּשְׁקוֹל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **There,** if it were a case **of certainty** the tree would **not** be **subject to being cut down;** therefore, in a case **of uncertainty too, we do not say to** the owner of the tree: **Cut** it **down.** In that case, if the tree preceded the cistern, the owner of the tree would not be required to cut it down. **Here,** if it were a case **of certainty,** the tree would be **subject to being cut down** even if it preceded the city, and the only uncertainty is whether or not the owner of the tree would need to be compensated. Consequently, in a case **of uncertainty too, we say to** the owner of the tree: **Cut** it **down. And if** the owner of the tree lodges a claim **due** to the **value** of the tree, as he wants compensation for it, **we say to him: Bring proof** that your tree came first, **and take** your money. Since he has no proof, he does not receive any money.


###### Bava Batra 24b:14
[Bava Batra 24b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:14)

**מַתְנִי׳** מַרְחִיקִין אֶת גּוֹרֶן קָבוּעַ מִן הָעִיר חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם גּוֹרֶן קָבוּעַ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה לְכׇל רוּחַ; וּמַרְחִיק מִנְּטִיעוֹתָיו שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ וּמִנִּירוֹ, בִּכְדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One must distance a permanent threshing floor fifty cubits from the city,** so that the chaff will not harm the city’s residents. Furthermore, **a person should not establish a permanent threshing floor** even **on his own** property **unless he has fifty cubits** of open space **in every direction. And one must distance** a threshing floor **from the plantings of another and from** another’s **plowed field** far **enough that it does not cause damage.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:15
[Bava Batra 24b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:15)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי שְׁנָא רֵישָׁא, וּמַאי שְׁנָא סֵיפָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: סֵיפָא אֲתָאן לְגוֹרֶן שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **What is different** in **the first clause** of the mishna, which states a fixed measurement for the distance of a threshing floor from a city, **and what is different** in **the latter clause,** which does not provide a measurement but simply states in general terms: Enough that it does not cause damage? **Abaye said:** In **the latter clause we arrive at** the case of **a threshing floor that is not permanent.** This threshing floor must be far enough from a neighbor that it does not cause damage to his property.


###### Bava Batra 24b:16
[Bava Batra 24b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:16)

הֵיכִי דָּמֵי גּוֹרֶן שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כׇּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ זוֹרֶה בְּרַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What are the circumstances** of **a threshing floor that is not permanent? Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says:** It refers to **any** threshing floor **where** one processes such a small quantity of grain that **he does not winnow with a winnowing shovel,** but employs some other method that does not scatter the chaff as far. This is one resolution of the contradiction.


###### Bava Batra 24b:17
[Bava Batra 24b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:17)

רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: מַה טַּעַם קָאָמַר – מַאי טַעְמָא מַרְחִיקִין גּוֹרֶן קָבוּעַ מִן הָעִיר חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה? כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi said** that the phrase: Enough that it does not cause damage, is not referring to a distance but provides an explanation. In other words, the *tanna* **is saying: What is the reason** for the ruling of the first clause, as follows: **What is the reason** that **one must distance a permanent threshing floor fifty cubits from the city?** It must be far **enough** away **that it does not cause damage.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:18
[Bava Batra 24b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:18)

מֵיתִיבִי: מַרְחִיקִין גּוֹרֶן קָבוּעַ מִן הָעִיר, חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁמַּרְחִיקִין מִן הָעִיר חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה, כָּךְ מַרְחִיקִין מִדִּלּוּעָיו, וּמִקִּשּׁוּאָיו, וּמִנְּטִיעוֹתָיו, וּמִנִּירוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ – חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיק. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי – נִיחָא, אֶלָּא לְאַבָּיֵי קַשְׁיָא! קַשְׁיָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** against the opinion of Abaye from a *baraita*: **One must distance a permanent threshing floor fifty cubits from the city; and just as one distances** it **fifty cubits from the city, so too does one distance** it **fifty cubits from the gourds, cucumbers, plantings, and plowed field of another, enough that it does not cause damage. Granted,** this **works out well according to** the opinion of **Rav Ashi,** as he claims that in both clauses the same distance is required: One must move a threshing floor fifty cubits from a plowed field and from those plantings. **But according to** the explanation of **Abaye,** it is **difficult.** The Gemara comments: Indeed, it is **difficult.**


###### Bava Batra 24b:19
[Bava Batra 24b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/24b:19)

בִּשְׁלָמָא מִמִּקְשׁוֹאָיו וּמִדְּלוֹעָיו – דְּאָזֵיל אַבְקָא וְאָתֵי בְּלִיבֵּיהּ, וּמְצַוֵּי לֵיהּ; אֶלָּא מִנִּירוֹ – אַמַּאי? אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר זַבְדָּא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר זוּטְרָא: מִפְּנֵי

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks with regard to the *baraita*: **Granted,** one must distance his threshing floor **from his** neighbor’s **cucumbers and gourds, as the chaff** from the threshing floor **goes** and penetrates **into the heart** of the flower **and dries it out. But why** must one distance the threshing floor **from** another’s **plowed field? Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said, and some say** it was **Rabbi Abba bar Zutra:** It is **because**