## Bava Batra Daf 28a

###### Bava Batra 28a:1
[Bava Batra 28a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:1)

**חֶזְקַת הַבָּתִּים**, וְהַבּוֹרוֹת, וְהַשִּׁיחִין, וְהַמְּעָרוֹת, וְהַשּׁוֹבָכוֹת, וְהַמֶּרְחֲצָאוֹת, וּבֵית הַבַּדִּין, וּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין, וְהָעֲבָדִים, וְכׇל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה פֵּירוֹת תָּדִיר – חֶזְקָתָן שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to the **presumptive ownership of houses; and** of **pits; and** of **ditches; and** of **caves,** which are used to collect water; **and** of **dovecotes; and** of **bathhouses; and** of **olive presses; and** of **irrigated fields,** which must be watered by people; **and** of **slaves; and all** similar property **that constantly,** i.e., throughout the year, **generates profits, their presumptive ownership** is established by working and profiting from them for a duration of **three years from day to day.** If the one in possession of the property can prove that he worked and profited from it for the previous three full years, there is a presumption that it belongs to him, and would remain in his possession if another were to claim that the property belonged to him or to his ancestors.


###### Bava Batra 28a:2
[Bava Batra 28a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:2)

שְׂדֵה הַבַּעַל – חֶזְקָתָהּ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, וְאֵינָן מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **a non-irrigated field,** i.e., one that is watered by rain, in which produce grows during certain seasons during the year, **its presumption** of ownership is established in **three years, but they are not from day to day,** since the fields are not worked and harvested continually throughout the three-year period.


###### Bava Batra 28a:3
[Bava Batra 28a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:3)

רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, שְׁלֹשָׁה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ בָּאֶמְצַע; הֲרֵי שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yishmael says: Three months** of possession **in the first** year, **three** months of possession **in the last** year, **and twelve months** of possession **in the middle, which are eighteen months,** suffice to establish the presumption of ownership with regard to a non-irrigated field.


###### Bava Batra 28a:4
[Bava Batra 28a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:4)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: חֹדֶשׁ בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, וְחֹדֶשׁ בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ בָּאֶמְצַע; הֲרֵי אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Akiva says: A month** of possession **in the first** year, **and a month** of possession **in the last year, and twelve months** of possession **in the middle, which are fourteen months,** suffice to establish the presumption of ownership with regard to a non-irrigated field.


###### Bava Batra 28a:5
[Bava Batra 28a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:5)

אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים – בִּשְׂדֵה לָבָן, אֲבָל בִּשְׂדֵה אִילָן – כָּנַס אֶת תְּבוּאָתוֹ, וּמָסַק אֶת זֵיתָיו, כָּנַס אֶת קַיְיצוֹ – הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yishmael said: In what** case **is this statement,** that eighteen months are required for a non-irrigated field, **said?** It is said **with regard to a white field [*bisdeh lavan*],** i.e., a grain field. **But with regard to a field of trees,** once **he gathered his produce, and** then **harvested his olives,** and then **gathered his figs, these** three harvests **are** the equivalent of **three years.** Since he harvested three types of produce, this is equivalent to having possessed the field for three years.


###### Bava Batra 28a:6
[Bava Batra 28a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:6)

**גְּמָ׳** אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, שָׁמַעְתִּי מֵהוֹלְכֵי אוּשָׁא שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: מִנַּיִן לַחֲזָקָה שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים? מִשּׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד – מָה שׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּגַח שָׁלֹשׁ נְגִיחוֹת – נְפַק לֵיהּ מֵחֶזְקַת תָּם, וְקָם לֵיהּ בְּחֶזְקַת מוּעָד; הָכָא נָמֵי, כֵּיוָן דְּאַכְלַהּ תְּלָת שְׁנִין – נְפַק לַהּ מֵרְשׁוּת מוֹכֵר, וְקָיְימָא לַהּ בִּרְשׁוּת לוֹקֵחַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **Rabbi Yoḥanan says: I heard from those who travel to Usha** to study with the Sages there **that they would say: From where** is it derived **that presumptive ownership** is established in **three years? From the forewarned ox: Just as** in the case of **a forewarned ox, once it has** intentionally **gored three gorings, it left** the **presumptive status of an innocuous** ox **and it is established as** having the **presumptive status of a forewarned** ox, **here too, once he has** worked and **profited** from the land for **three years,** the land **left the possession of** the **seller, and it is established** as being **in the possession of** the **buyer.**


###### Bava Batra 28a:7
[Bava Batra 28a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/28a:7)

אִי – מָה שׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד עַד נְגִיחָה רְבִיעִית לָא מִיחַיַּיב, הָכָא נָמֵי, עַד שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית לָא קָיְימָא בִּרְשׁוּתֵיהּ! הָכִי הַשְׁתָּא?! הָתָם מִכִּי נְגַח שָׁלֹשׁ נְגִיחוֹת – הָוֵי מוּעָד,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this comparison: **If** so, say that **just as with a forewarned ox,** the owner **is not liable** to pay full damages **until the fourth goring, here too,** the land should **not be established** as being **in his possession until the fourth year.** The Gemara rejects this question: **How can** these cases **be compared? There, once it has gored three** times **it is forewarned,**