## Bava Batra Daf 40b

###### Bava Batra 40b:1
[Bava Batra 40b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:1)

דְּלָא כְּתִיב בָּהּ: ״אֲנַן יָדְעִינַן בֵּיהּ בְּאוּנְסָא דִפְלָנְיָא״ – לָאו מוֹדָעָא הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**that** does **not** have **written in it** the formulation: **We are aware of so-and-so’s duress,** i.e., we are aware of the nature of the coercion that forced him to enter this arrangement against his will, **is not** a valid preemptive **declaration.**


###### Bava Batra 40b:2
[Bava Batra 40b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:2)

מוֹדָעָא דְמַאי? אִי דְּגִיטָּא וּדְמַתַּנְתָּא – גַּלּוֹיֵי מִילְּתָא בְּעָלְמָא הִיא! וְאִי דִּזְבִינֵי, וְהָאָמַר רָבָא: לָא כָּתְבִינַן מוֹדָעָא אַזְּבִינֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**For what** type of transaction is the preemptive **declaration** being stated? **If** one were to say that it is a preemptive declaration **for a bill of divorce or for a gift,** the preemptive declaration **is merely revealing the matter.** Since these actions can’t take place unless he desires it, it is sufficient that he stated that he does not desire them, and he need not specify a particular reason for nullifying them. **And if** it is **for a sale, but doesn’t Rava say: We do not write** a preemptive **declaration for a sale?**


###### Bava Batra 40b:3
[Bava Batra 40b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:3)

לְעוֹלָם דִּזְבִינֵי; מוֹדֵי רָבָא הֵיכָא דַּאֲנִיס – וּכְמַעֲשֶׂה דְּפַרְדֵּיסָא; דְּהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּמַשְׁכֵּין פַּרְדֵּיסָא לְחַבְרֵיהּ לִתְלָת שְׁנִין. בָּתַר דְּאַכְלַהּ תְּלָת שְׁנֵי חֲזָקָה, אֲמַר: אִי מְזַבְּנַתְּ לִי – מוּטָב, וְאִי לָא – כָּבֵישְׁנָא לִשְׁטַר מַשְׁכַּנְתָּא, וְאָמֵינָא: ״לְקוּחָה הִיא בְּיָדִי״. כְּהַאי גַּוְונָא כָּתְבִינַן מוֹדָעָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Actually,** it is referring to a preemptive declaration **for a sale,** as **Rava concedes** in a case **where one was compelled to act** due to a threat of monetary loss, **as with the incident of the orchard, as** there was **a certain man who mortgaged** his **orchard to another for three years. After he** worked and **profited** from **it** for the **three years** necessary **for** establishing the **presumption** of ownership, **he said: If you sell** the orchard **to me,** it is **well. And if not,** then **I will hide** the **mortgage document and I will say** that this land **is purchased** and that is why it is **in my possession,** and you will receive no payment for the orchard. **In a case like this, we write** a preemptive **declaration.** The declaration states that he does not actually desire to sell his property but was forced to do so.


###### Bava Batra 40b:4
[Bava Batra 40b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:4)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: הַאי מַתַּנְתָּא טְמִירְתָּא – לָא מַגְבֵּינַן בַּהּ. הֵיכִי דָּמֵי מַתַּנְתָּא טְמִירְתָּא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף, דְּאָמַר לְהוּ לְסָהֲדִי: ״זִילוּ אִטַּמּוּרוּ וְכִתְבוּ לֵיהּ״. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף, דְּלָא אָמַר לְהוּ: ״תִּיתְּבוּ בְּשׁוּקָא וּבְבָרָיָתָא וְתִכְתְּבוּ לֵיהּ״. מַאי בֵּינַיְיהוּ? אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ סְתָמָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Yehuda says:** With regard to **this** document detailing **a concealed gift, we do not collect with it.** The Gemara clarifies: **What are the circumstances** of **a concealed gift? Rav Yosef said:** It is referring to a case in **which** the giver **said to witnesses: Go** and **hide and write** a document **for** the recipient of this gift. **And there are** those **who say** that **Rav Yosef said:** It is referring to a case in **which** the giver **did not say to** witnesses: **Sit outdoors in the marketplace and write** it **for him.** The Gemara asks: **What is** the difference **between** the two versions of Rav Yosef’s statement? The Gemara answers: The difference **between** the two versions is in a case where his instructions were **without specification,** i.e., he did not tell them to write the document in private or in public.


###### Bava Batra 40b:5
[Bava Batra 40b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:5)

אָמַר רָבָא: וְהָוְיָא מוֹדָעָא לַחֲבֶרְתַּהּ. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: הָא דְּרָבָא – לָאו בְּפֵירוּשׁ אִיתְּמַר, אֶלָּא מִכְּלָלָא אִיתְּמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said: But** a concealed gift **is** effective as a preemptive **declaration for another** gift. In other words, if he first gave an item as a concealed gift to one person, and then he gave this item as a gift to someone else, the second gift is null and void. **Rav Pappa said: This** ruling **of Rava was not stated explicitly; rather, it was stated by inference,** and he did not, in fact, hold accordingly.


###### Bava Batra 40b:6
[Bava Batra 40b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:6)

דְּהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דַּאֲזַל לְקַדּוֹשֵׁי אִתְּתָא, אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ: ״אִי כָּתְבַתְּ לִי כּוּלְּהוּ נִכְסָיךְ – הָוֵינָא לָךְ, וְאִי לָא – לָא הָוֵינָא לָךְ״. אֲזַל כַּתְבֵיהּ לַהּ לְכוּלְּהוּ נִכְסֵי. אֲתָא בְּרֵיהּ קַשִּׁישָׁא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא – מָה תִּהְוֵי עֲלֵיהּ?״ אֲמַר לְהוּ לְסָהֲדֵי: ״זִילוּ אִטַּמּוּרוּ בַּעֲבַר יַמִּינָא, וְכִתְבוּ לֵיהּ״. אֲתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא מָר קְנָה, וְלָא מָר קְנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Pappa explains the inference: **As** there was **a certain man who went to betroth a woman. She said to him: If you write** a document signing over **all of your property to me,** then **I will be your** wife, **and if not, I will not be your** wife. **He went** and **wrote** a document signing over **all of his property to her. His eldest son came** and **said to him: And that man,** i.e., me, **what will become of him** if you give all of your property to this woman? The father **said to** two **witnesses: Go hide in Avar Yemina and write** a document **for** the son, giving him the father’s property as a gift. Later, the witnesses **came before Rava.** He **said to them:** This **Master,** i.e., the son, **did not acquire** the property **and** that **Master,** i.e., the wife, **did not acquire** it either. The son did not acquire the property because it was a concealed gift.


###### Bava Batra 40b:7
[Bava Batra 40b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:7)

מַאן דַּחֲזָא, סָבַר – מִשּׁוּם דְּהָוְיָא מוֹדָעָא לַחֲבֶרְתַּהּ. וְלָא הִיא; הָתָם – מוֹכְחָא מִילְּתָא דְּמֵחֲמַת אוּנְסָא הוּא דִּכְתַב לַהּ; אֲבָל הָכָא – מָר נִיחָא לֵיהּ דְּלִיקְנֵי, וּמָר לָא נִיחָא לֵיהּ דְּלִיקְנֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains why the wife does not acquire it as well. **One who observed** this incident **assumed** that Rava invalidated the wife’s acquisition **because** the concealed gift to his son **was** a preemptive **declaration to the other** gift, **but** that **is not so. There,** in the case of the woman and the son, **the matter** is self-**evident that he wrote** a document signing over his property **to her because of duress,** as she had told him that she would not marry him otherwise; **but here,** in a typical case of giving one person a concealed gift and then giving a public gift to another, that is not the case. It is possible that it is simply **amenable to him that** this **Master,** i.e., the one to whom he gave it publicly, **should acquire** the gift, **and** it is **not amenable to him that** this **Master,** i.e., the one to whom he gave it privately, **should acquire** the gift. Consequently, an incorrect inference was drawn concerning Rava’s opinion.


###### Bava Batra 40b:8
[Bava Batra 40b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/40b:8)

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: