## Bava Batra Daf 60a

###### Bava Batra 60a:1
[Bava Batra 60a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:1)

וְלִסְתּוֹם – לְאַלְתַּר הָוֵי חֲזָקָה, שֶׁאֵין אָדָם עָשׂוּי שֶׁסּוֹתְמִים אוֹרוֹ בְּפָנָיו וְשׁוֹתֵק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And to seal,** i.e., if one sealed another’s window in his presence, **there is an acquired privilege** established **immediately** to keep the window sealed, **as it is not common** behavior for **a person to have his** source of **light sealed in his presence and** remain **silent.** The fact that he did not immediately protest indicates that the one who sealed the window had the legal right to do so unilaterally, or that the owner of the window agreed.


###### Bava Batra 60a:2
[Bava Batra 60a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:2)

לָקַח בַּיִת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת – לֹא יִפְתָּחֶנּוּ לַחֲצַר הַשּׁוּתָּפִין. מַאי טַעְמָא? מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּרְבֶּה עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הַדֶּרֶךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that if one **purchased a house in another,** adjacent **courtyard,** he **may not open** the house **into a courtyard belonging to partners.** The Gemara explains: **What is the reason** for this? **Because** by adding residents to the courtyard **it increases their traffic,** and the residents of the courtyard do not wish to be disturbed by additional people passing through.


###### Bava Batra 60a:3
[Bava Batra 60a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:3)

אֵימָא סֵיפָא: אֶלָּא אִם רָצָה – בּוֹנֶה אֶת הַחֶדֶר לִפְנִים מִבֵּיתוֹ, וּבוֹנֶה עֲלִיָּיה עַל גַּבֵּי בֵּיתוֹ. וַהֲלֹא מַרְבֶּה עָלָיו אֶת הַדֶּרֶךְ! אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: מַאי חֶדֶר? שֶׁחֲלָקוֹ בִּשְׁנַיִם, וּמַאי עֲלִיָּיה? אַפְּתָאי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this. But **say the last clause** of the mishna: **Rather, if he desired** to build a loft, he may **build a room within his house, or** he may **build a loft above his house,** and have it open into his house, not directly into the courtyard. **But** if he does so, **isn’t** there still a concern that **it increases the traffic? Rav Huna said** as an explanation: **What** does the mishna mean when it says that he may build **a room?** It means **that** he may **divide** an existing room **in two. And what is** the **loft** to which the mishna is referring? It is **an internal story** created by dividing an existing space into two stories.


###### Bava Batra 60a:4
[Bava Batra 60a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:4)

**מַתְנִי׳** לֹא יִפְתַּח אָדָם לַחֲצַר הַשּׁוּתָּפִין פֶּתַח כְּנֶגֶד פֶּתַח וְחַלּוֹן כְּנֶגֶד חַלּוֹן. הָיָה קָטָן – לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ גָּדוֹל, אֶחָד – לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ שְׁנַיִם. אֲבָל פּוֹתֵחַ הוּא לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פֶּתַח כְּנֶגֶד פֶּתַח וְחַלּוֹן כְּנֶגֶד חַלּוֹן. הָיָה קָטָן – עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ גָּדוֹל, וְאֶחָד – עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ שְׁנַיִם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **A person may not open an entrance opposite** another **entrance or a window opposite** another **window toward a courtyard belonging to partners,** so as to ensure that the residents will enjoy a measure of privacy. If there **was a small** entrance **he may not enlarge it.** If there was **one** entrance **he may not fashion it** into **two. But** one **may open an entrance opposite** another **entrance or a window opposite** another **window toward the public domain.** Similarly, if there **was a small** entrance **he may enlarge it,** and if there was **one** entrance **he may fashion it** into **two.**


###### Bava Batra 60a:5
[Bava Batra 60a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:5)

**גְּמָ׳** מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״וַיִּשָּׂא בִלְעָם אֶת עֵינָיו, וַיַּרְא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֹׁכֵן לִשְׁבָטָיו״ – מָה רָאָה? רָאָה שֶׁאֵין פִּתְחֵי אׇהֳלֵיהֶם מְכֻוּוֹנִין זֶה לְזֶה, אָמַר: רְאוּיִן הַלָּלוּ שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה עֲלֵיהֶם שְׁכִינָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **From where are these matters,** i.e., that one may not open an entrance opposite another entrance, or a window opposite another window, derived? **Rabbi Yoḥanan says that** the **verse states: “And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling tribe by tribe;** and the spirit of God came upon him” (Numbers 24:2). The Gemara explains: **What** was it that Balaam **saw** that so inspired him? He **saw that the entrances of their tents were not aligned with each other,** ensuring that each family enjoyed a measure of privacy. And he **said:** If this is the case, **these** people **are worthy of having the Divine Presence rest on them.**


###### Bava Batra 60a:6
[Bava Batra 60a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:6)

הָיָה קָטָן – לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ גָּדוֹל. סָבַר רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא לְמֵימַר, בַּר אַרְבְּעֵי לָא לִישַׁוְּיֵיהּ בַּר תְּמָנְיָא – דְּקָא שָׁקֵיל תְּמָנְיָא בְּחָצֵר; אֲבָל בַּר תַּרְתֵּי לִישַׁוְּיֵיהּ בַּר אַרְבְּעֵי – שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי; אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא, מָצֵי אָמַר לֵיהּ: בְּפִיתְחָא זוּטְרָא מָצֵינָא לְאִצְטְנוֹעֵי מִינָּךְ, בְּפִיתְחָא רַבָּה לָא מָצֵינָא אִצְטְנוֹעֵי מִינָּךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that if there **was a small** entrance **he may not enlarge it. Rami bar Ḥama thought to say** this means that if the entrance was the width **of four** cubits, one **may not fashion it** to the width **of eight** cubits, **as** he would then be allowed to **take eight** corresponding cubits **in** the **courtyard.** The *halakha* is that one is entitled to utilize the area of the courtyard up to a depth of four cubits along the width of the opening. **But** if the entrance was the width **of two** cubits and one wishes **to fashion it** to the width **of four** cubits, one may **well** do so, as in any event he already had the right to use an area of four cubits by four cubits in front of the entrance. **Rava said to him:** This is not so, as his neighbor **can say to him: I can conceal** myself **from you with** there being **a small entrance,** but **I cannot conceal** myself **from you with** there being **a large entrance.**


###### Bava Batra 60a:7
[Bava Batra 60a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:7)

אֶחָד – לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ שְׁנַיִם. סָבַר רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא לְמֵימַר, בַּר אַרְבְּעֵי – לָא לִישַׁוְּיֵיהּ תְּרֵי בְּנֵי תַּרְתֵּי תַּרְתֵּי, דְּקָא שָׁקֵיל תַּמְנֵי בְּחָצֵר; אֲבָל בַּר תַּמְנֵי, לִישַׁוְּיֵיהּ בְּנֵי אַרְבְּעֵי אַרְבְּעֵי – שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי; אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא, מָצֵי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּחַד פִּיתְחָא מָצֵינָא אִצְטְנוֹעֵי מִינָּךְ, בִּתְרֵי לָא מָצֵינָא אִצְטְנוֹעֵי מִינָּךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that if there **was one** entrance **he may not fashion it into two.** In this case as well, **Rami bar Ḥama thought to say** that this means if the entrance was the width **of four** cubits he **may not make it into two** openings, **each** the width **of two** cubits, **as** he would then be allowed to **take eight** corresponding cubits **in** the **courtyard,** four for each entrance. **But** if it was the width **of eight** cubits and he wishes **to make it into** two openings, **each** the width **of four** cubits, he may **well** do so, as in any event he already had the right to use an area of eight cubits by four cubits in front of his entrance. **Rava said to him:** This is not so, as his neighbor **can say to him: I can conceal** myself **from you with** there being **one entrance,** but **I cannot conceal** myself **from you with** there being **two entrances.**


###### Bava Batra 60a:8
[Bava Batra 60a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:8)

אֲבָל פּוֹתֵחַ הוּא לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פֶּתַח כְּנֶגֶד פֶּתַח. דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: סוֹף סוֹף, הָא בָּעֵית אִצְטְנוֹעֵי מִבְּנֵי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **But** one **may open an entrance opposite** another **entrance** or a window opposite another window **toward the public domain.** Why is this so? **Because** he can **say to** the one who wishes to protest: **Ultimately, you must conceal yourself from** the **people of the public domain.** Since you cannot stop them from passing by and therefore cannot engage in behavior that requires privacy with your entrance open, it is of no consequence to you if I open an entrance as well.


###### Bava Batra 60a:9
[Bava Batra 60a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:9)

**מַתְנִי׳** אֵין עוֹשִׂין חָלָל תַּחַת רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים – בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא עֲגָלָה מְהַלֶּכֶת וּטְעוּנָה אֲבָנִים. אֵין מוֹצִיאִין זִיזִין וּגְזוּזְטְרָאוֹת לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אֶלָּא אִם רָצָה – כּוֹנֵס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּמוֹצִיא. לָקַח חָצֵר וּבָהּ זִיזִין וּגְזוּזְטְרָאוֹת – הֲרֵי זוֹ בְּחֶזְקָתָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** One **may not form an** empty **space beneath the public domain** by digging **pits, ditches, or caves. Rabbi Eliezer deems** it **permitted** for one to do so, provided that he places a covering strong enough that **a wagon laden with stones would** be able to **tread** on it without breaking it, therefore ensuring that the empty space will not cause any damage to those in the public domain. One **may not extend projections or balconies [*ugzuztraot*] into the public domain. Rather, if he desired** to build one he may **draw back into his** property by moving his wall, **and extend** the projection to the end of his property line. If one **purchased a courtyard in which there are projections and balconies** extending into the public domain, this courtyard **retains its presumptive status,** i.e., the owner has the acquired privilege of their use, and the court does not demand their removal.


###### Bava Batra 60a:10
[Bava Batra 60a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:10)

**גְּמָ׳** וְרַבָּנַן – זִימְנִין דְּמִפְּחִית וְלָאו אַדַּעְתֵּיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion that if the covering of the space is strong enough to support a wagon laden with stones then it is permitted to dig out the empty space, is eminently reasonable; **but** what do **the Rabbis** hold? The Gemara answers: There are **times when** the cover **erodes** over time, **and he is not aware,** thereby potentially causing damage to those in the public domain.


###### Bava Batra 60a:11
[Bava Batra 60a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:11)

אֵין מוֹצִיאִין זִיזִין וּגְזוּזְטְרָאוֹת וְכוּ׳. רַבִּי אַמֵּי הֲוָה לֵיהּ זִיזָא דַּהֲוָה נָפֵיק לִמְבוֹאָה; וְהַהוּא גַּבְרָא נָמֵי הֲוָה לֵיהּ זִיזָא, דַּהֲוָה מַפֵּיק לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. הֲווֹ קָא מְעַכְּבִי עֲלֵיהּ בְּנֵי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַמֵּי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִיל קוֹץ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that **one may not extend projections or balconies** into the public domain. The Gemara relates: **Rabbi Ami had a projection that protruded into an alleyway, and a certain man also had a projection that protruded into the public domain,** and the **general public was preventing** the man from leaving it there, as it interfered with traffic. He **came before Rabbi Ami,** who **said to him: Go sever** your projection.


###### Bava Batra 60a:12
[Bava Batra 60a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:12)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְהָא מָר נָמֵי אִית לֵיהּ! דִּידִי לִמְבוֹאָה מַפֵּיק – בְּנֵי מְבוֹאָה מָחֲלִין גַּבַּאי; דִּידָךְ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מַפֵּיק, מַאן מָחֵיל גַּבָּךְ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The man **said to him: But** the **Master also has** a similar projection. Rabbi Ami said to him: It is different, as **mine protrudes into an alleyway,** where a limited number of people live, and the **residents of the alleyway waive** their right to protest **to me. Yours protrudes into the public domain,** which does not belong to any specific individuals. **Who** can **waive** their right to protest **to you?**


###### Bava Batra 60a:13
[Bava Batra 60a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Batra/r/60a:13)

רַבִּי יַנַּאי הֲוָה לֵיהּ אִילָן הַנּוֹטֶה לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. הֲוָה הָהוּא גַּבְרָא דַּהֲוָה לֵיהּ נָמֵי אִילָן הַנּוֹטֶה לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אֲתוֹ בְּנֵי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הֲווֹ קָא מְעַכְּבִי עִילָּוֵיהּ. אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יַנַּאי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Rabbi Yannai had a tree that was leaning into the public domain.** There **was a certain man who also had a tree that was leaning into the public domain,** and the **general public was preventing him** from leaving it there, insisting he cut it down, as required by the mishna (27b). He **came before Rabbi Yannai,** who **said to him:**