## Bava Kamma Daf 27b

###### Bava Kamma 27b:1
[Bava Kamma 27b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:1)

קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דְּאֵין הוֹלְכִין בְּמָמוֹן אַחַר הָרוֹב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
the mishna **teaches us that** the court **does not follow the majority with regard to monetary matters,** and in cases of uncertainty the burden of proof rests upon the claimant.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:2
[Bava Kamma 27b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:2)

וּבָא אַחֵר וְנִתְקַל בָּהּ וּשְׁבָרָהּ – פָּטוּר. אַמַּאי פָּטוּר? אִיבְּעִי לֵיהּ לְעַיּוֹנֵי וּמֵיזַל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches concerning the vessel placed in the public domain: If **another** person **came and stumbled on it and broke it,** he is **exempt.** The Gemara asks: **Why** is he **exempt?** Although this happened in the public domain, **he should examine** the road **and** then continue **walking.**


###### Bava Kamma 27b:3
[Bava Kamma 27b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:3)

אָמְרִי דְּבֵי רַב מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: בִּמְמַלֵּא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים כּוּלָּהּ חָבִיּוֹת. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: בַּאֲפֵילָה שָׁנוּ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Sages of the **school of Rav said in the name of Rav:** The ruling of the mishna is taught **with regard to** one who placed not just one barrel in the road, but rather **filled the entire public domain with barrels,** blocking the path. Since the public domain belongs to everyone, a pedestrian is entitled to traverse the road even if it necessitates breaking the vessels. **Shmuel says:** The ruling of the mishna is **taught with regard to** a case where he broke it in **the dark.** Therefore, he could not have avoided breaking the barrel by examining the road in front of him. **Rabbi Yoḥanan says:** The ruling of the mishna is **taught with regard to** a case where the barrel was placed at **the corner** of the road, and so the pedestrian could not have seen it, as he rounded the corner, before stumbling on it.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:4
[Bava Kamma 27b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:4)

אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: לָא דַּיְקָא מַתְנִיתִין אֶלָּא אוֹ כִּשְׁמוּאֵל, אוֹ כְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן. דְּאִי כְּרַב, מַאי אִרְיָא נִתְקַל? אֲפִילּוּ שָׁבַר נָמֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said: The mishna is precise only according to either** the explanation of **Shmuel or** that of **Rabbi Yoḥanan,** but not that of Rav. **As, if** the mishna is explained **in accordance with** the explanation of **Rav, what** is the reason it refers **specifically** to a case where one **stumbled** on the barrel? **Even if he broke** the barrel intentionally he should not be liable to pay, as the owner of the barrel had no right to block the public road.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:5
[Bava Kamma 27b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:5)

אָמַר רַב זְבִיד מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: הוּא הַדִּין דַּאֲפִילּוּ שָׁבַר; וְהַאי דְּקָתָנֵי ״נִתְקַל״ – אַיְּידֵי דְּבָעֵי לְמִתְנֵי סֵיפָא: ״וְאִם הוּזַּק בָּהּ – בַּעַל חָבִית חַיָּיב בְּנִזְקוֹ״, דְּדַוְקָא נִתְקַל, אֲבָל שָׁבַר – לָא, מַאי טַעְמָא? הוּא דְּאַזֵּיק אַנַּפְשֵׁיהּ; קָתָנֵי רֵישָׁא ״נִתְקַל״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Zevid said in the name of Rava** in defense of Rav’s explanation: **The same is true even if he broke** the barrel intentionally. **And** as for **this** fact, **that** the *tanna* of the mishna **teaches** a case where **he stumbled,** it is **because he wants to teach** in **the last clause: And if he incurred damage due to** the vessel, **the owner of the *ḥavit* is liable** to pay **for his damage. As** this ruling applies **specifically when he stumbled, but** if **he broke** the barrel intentionally and incurred damage in the process, the owner of the barrel is **not** required to compensate him. **What is the reason** for this? Although the pedestrian had the right to break the barrel, **it is he who damaged himself,** by not being careful while breaking it. Therefore, in **the first clause** the mishna **teaches** a case where **he stumbled.** Accordingly, the mishna’s wording is precise according to Rav’s explanation as well.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:6
[Bava Kamma 27b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:6)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי אַבָּא לְרַב אָשֵׁי, הָכִי אָמְרִי בְּמַעְרְבָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי עוּלָּא: לְפִי שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּן שֶׁל בְּנֵי אָדָם לְהִתְבּוֹנֵן בַּדְּרָכִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Abba said to Rav Ashi** that **this is what they say in the West,** Eretz Yisrael, **in the name of Rabbi Ulla,** in explanation of the mishna: Even if the barrel is clearly visible, one who stumbles on it is exempt from liability **because the** typical **manner of people is not to examine the roads,** as they assume that the road is unobstructed. Therefore, one who breaks an item placed in the road as a result of not watching is not liable to pay restitution.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:7
[Bava Kamma 27b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:7)

הֲוָה עוֹבָדָא בִּנְהַרְדְּעָא, וְחַיֵּיב שְׁמוּאֵל. בְּפוּמְבְּדִיתָא, וְחַיֵּיב רָבָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **There was an incident in Neharde’a** where a pedestrian stumbled on a jug in an open area and broke it, **and Shmuel deemed him liable** to pay for the damage. A similar incident took place **in Pumbedita, and Rava deemed** the person **liable** to pay.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:8
[Bava Kamma 27b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:8)

בִּשְׁלָמָא שְׁמוּאֵל – כִּשְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ. אֶלָּא רָבָא – לֵימָא כִּשְׁמוּאֵל סְבִירָא לֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Granted, Shmuel** ruled **in accordance with his halakhic** opinion that the exemption stated in the mishna refers specifically to a case where one stumbles in the dark, as otherwise he is liable for breaking the barrel, since he should have examined the road. **But** with regard to **Rava, shall we say that he holds in accordance with Shmuel’s** opinion that one who breaks an item in the public domain is exempt from paying for it only if it was dark?


###### Bava Kamma 27b:9
[Bava Kamma 27b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:9)

אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: קַרְנָא דְּעַצְרָא הָוֵי, דְּכֵיוָן דְּבִרְשׁוּת קָעָבְדִי – אִיבְּעִי לֵיהּ לְעַיּוֹנֵי וּמֵיזַל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said:** That inference is not necessary, as this incident **was** at **the corner where** there was an olive **press [*de’atzera*],** where it is known that people put their jugs down while waiting for oil. Consequently, **since they were acting with permission,** a pedestrian **should examine** the road **and** then continue **walking.**


###### Bava Kamma 27b:10
[Bava Kamma 27b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:10)

שְׁלַח לֵיהּ רַב חִסְדָּא לְרַב נַחְמָן, הֲרֵי אָמְרוּ: לִרְכוּבָּה – שָׁלֹשׁ, וְלִבְעִיטָה – חָמֵשׁ, וְלִסְנוֹקֶרֶת – שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה. לְפַנְדָּא דְמָרָא וּלְקוֹפִינָא דְּמָרָא, מַאי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Ḥisda sent** the following question **to Rav Naḥman:** The Sages **said** that when one strikes another, humiliating him, the judges determine liability according to the following formula: **For kneeing [*rekhuva*]** him, he must pay **three** *sela*; **for kicking, five; and for punching [*velisnokeret*]** him, **thirteen.** The Gemara asks: If so **for** hitting him with **the handle of a hoe [*demara*] and for** hitting him with **the top [*ulkofina*] of a hoe, what** amount is one liable to pay him?


###### Bava Kamma 27b:11
[Bava Kamma 27b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:11)

שְׁלַח לֵיהּ: חִסְדָּא חִסְדָּא, קְנָסָא קָא מַגְבֵּית בְּבָבֶל? אֵימָא לִי גּוּפָא דְעוֹבָדָא הֵיכִי הֲוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman **sent him** the following response: **Ḥisda, Ḥisda, are you collecting a fine** for humiliation **in Babylonia,** where judges are not authorized to collect fines? **Tell me how the incident itself** transpired.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:12
[Bava Kamma 27b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:12)

שְׁלַח לֵיהּ: דְּהָהוּא גַּרְגּוּתָא דְּבֵי תְרֵי, דְּכׇל יוֹמָא הֲוָה דָּלֵי חַד מִנַּיְיהוּ. אֲתָא חַד, קָא דָלֵי בְּיוֹמָא דְּלָא דִּילֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: יוֹמָא דִּידִי הוּא! לָא אַשְׁגַּח בֵּיהּ. שְׁקַל פַּנְדָּא דְּמָרָא, מַחְיֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Ḥisda **sent him** in response: There is **a certain cistern belonging to two** people whose arrangement was to alternate its use so **that every day one of them would draw** from it in turn. It happened that **one of them came and was drawing** water **on a day that was not his** turn. His co-owner **said to him: This is my day** to draw, not yours. His colleague **did not pay attention to him.** The person whose turn it was therefore **took the handle of a hoe** and **struck** the person who was stealing his water, who then sued for damages.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:13
[Bava Kamma 27b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:13)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מְאָה פַּנְדֵי בְּפַנְדָּא לִמְחֲיֵיהּ! אֲפִילּוּ לְמַאן דְּאָמַר: לָא עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ; בִּמְקוֹם פְּסֵידָא – עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman **said to him:** In that case, he was right to do so, and he **should** have **hit him** even **a hundred times with the hoe. Even according to the one who says** that **a person may not take justice into his own** hands but should go to court, in a case **where** there would be **a loss** involved if no immediate action is taken, **a person may take justice into his own** hands.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:14
[Bava Kamma 27b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:14)

דְּאִתְּמַר, רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר: לָא עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ. רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This is **as it was stated,** that **Rav Yehuda says: A person may not take justice into his own** hands, whereas **Rav Naḥman says: A person may take justice into his own** hands.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:15
[Bava Kamma 27b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:15)

הֵיכָא דְּאִיכָּא פְּסֵידָא – כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא פְּלִיגִי, דְּעָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ. כִּי פְּלִיגִי – הֵיכָא דְּלֵיכָּא פְּסֵידָא; רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר: לָא עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ, דְּכֵיוָן דְּלֵיכָּא פְּסֵידָא – לֵיזִיל קַמֵּיהּ דַּיָּינָא. רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: עָבֵיד אִינִישׁ דִּינָא לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ, דְּכֵיוָן דִּבְדִין עָבֵיד – לָא טָרַח.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Where there is** an imminent **loss** that will be suffered if the injured party does not take action, **everyone agrees that a person may take justice into his own** hands. **They disagree** only **when there is no** imminent **loss** that will be suffered. **Rav Yehuda says** that **a person may not take justice into his own** hands, **because since there is no loss, he should go before the judge** to have him enforce the law. **Rav Naḥman says** that **a person may take justice into his own** hands. **Since he is acting lawfully,** as he is clearly in the right, **he need not trouble** himself to go before the judge to have him enforce the law.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:16
[Bava Kamma 27b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:16)

מֵתִיב רַב כָּהֲנָא, בֶּן בַּג בַּג אוֹמֵר: אַל תִּיכָּנֵס לַחֲצַר חֲבֵרְךָ לִיטּוֹל אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלֹּא בִּרְשׁוּת, שֶׁמָּא תֵּרָאֶה עָלָיו כְּגַנָּב. אֶלָּא שְׁבוֹר אֶת שִׁינָּיו, וֶאֱמוֹר לוֹ: שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי נוֹטֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Kahana raises an objection** to Rav Yehuda’s opinion based on a *baraita*: **Ben Bag Bag says: Do not enter another** person’s **courtyard** secretly **to take what is** rightfully **yours without permission, lest you appear to him as a thief** trying to steal his property. **Rather, break his teeth,** i.e., take it by force, **and say to him: I am taking what is mine.** Evidently one may take justice into his own hands.


###### Bava Kamma 27b:17
[Bava Kamma 27b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/27b:17)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Yehuda **said to him:**