## Bava Kamma Daf 2a

###### Bava Kamma 2a:1
[Bava Kamma 2a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:1)

מַתְנִי׳ **אַרְבָּעָה** אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין: הַשּׁוֹר, וְהַבּוֹר, וְהַמַּבְעֶה, וְהַהֶבְעֵר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** There are **four primary categories of damage: The** category of **Ox; and the** category of **Pit; and the** category of ***Maveh*,** which, based on a discussion in the Gemara refers either to the tooth of an animal that causes damage or to a person who causes damage; **and the** category of **Fire.**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:2
[Bava Kamma 2a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:2)

לֹא הֲרֵי הַשּׁוֹר כַּהֲרֵי הַמַּבְעֶה, וְלֹא הֲרֵי הַמַּבְעֶה כַּהֲרֵי הַשּׁוֹר; וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן רוּחַ חַיִּים, כַּהֲרֵי הָאֵשׁ שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Each of these categories is unique; therefore, the *halakhot* of one cannot be derived from another. The defining characteristic of **the** primary category of **Ox is not similar to** the defining characteristic of **the** primary category of ***Maveh*, and** the defining characteristic of **the** primary category of ***Maveh* is not similar to** the defining characteristic of **the** primary category of **Ox. And** the defining characteristics of **this** category of Ox **and that** category of *Maveh*, **in which there is a living spirit** that causes damage, **are not similar to** the defining characteristic of **the** category of **Fire, in which there is no living spirit.**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:3
[Bava Kamma 2a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:3)

וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לֵילֵךְ וּלְהַזִּיק, כַּהֲרֵי הַבּוֹר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לֵילֵךְ וּלְהַזִּיק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **And** the defining characteristics of **this** primary category of Ox and *Maveh* **and that** primary category of Fire, **in which** the **typical manner** of their components is **to proceed** from one place to another **and** cause **damage, are not similar to** the defining characteristic of **the** primary category of **Pit, in which** the **typical manner** of its components is **not to proceed** from one place to another **and** cause **damage;** rather, it remains in place and the damage is caused by the injured party proceeding and encountering the obstacle.


###### Bava Kamma 2a:4
[Bava Kamma 2a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:4)

הַצַּד הַשָּׁוֶה שֶׁבָּהֶן – שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהַזִּיק, וּשְׁמִירָתָן עָלֶיךָ; וּכְשֶׁהִזִּיק – חָב הַמַּזִּיק לְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי נֶזֶק, בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The common denominator of** the components in all of **these** primary categories is **that** it is **their typical manner to cause damage, and** the responsibility for **their safeguarding** to prevent them from causing damage is incumbent **upon you,** the owner of the animal or generator of the fire or the pit. **And when** a component of any of these categories **causes damage, the** owner or generator of the component that **caused** the **damage is obligated to pay** restitution **for damage with best**-quality **land.**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:5
[Bava Kamma 2a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:5)

**גְּמָ׳** מִדְּקָתָנֵי ״אָבוֹת״ – מִכְּלָל דְּאִיכָּא תּוֹלְדוֹת; תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן, אוֹ לָאו כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **From** the fact **that** the mishna **teaches** its ruling employing the term: **Primary categories, by inference, there are subcategories** of those primary categories. The Gemara asks: Are **their subcategories similar to them,** i.e., to their respective primary categories, so that the same *halakhot* apply to them, **or** are they **dissimilar to them?**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:6
[Bava Kamma 2a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:6)

גַּבֵּי שַׁבָּת תְּנַן: אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת – אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת. ״אָבוֹת״ – מִכְּלָל דְּאִיכָּא תּוֹלָדוֹת,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites additional areas of *halakha* where there are primary categories and subcategories and considers the relationship between them: **With regard to Shabbat we learned** in a mishna (*Shabbat* 73a): **The primary categories of labor** prohibited on Shabbat number **forty-less-one.** There too, from the fact that the mishna teaches its ruling employing the term: **Primary categories, by inference, there are** also **subcategories.**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:7
[Bava Kamma 2a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:7)

תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן; לָא שְׁנָא אָב – חַטָּאת, וְלָא שְׁנָא תּוֹלָדָה – חַטָּאת; לָא שְׁנָא אָב – סְקִילָה, וְלָא שְׁנָא תּוֹלָדָה – סְקִילָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the primary categories of labor prohibited on Shabbat, **their subcategories are similar to them,** as **it is no different** if one unwittingly performed labor that is **a primary category,** for which he is liable to bring **a sin-offering, and it is no different** if one unwittingly performed labor that is **a subcategory,** for which he is liable to bring **a sin-offering.** Likewise, **it is no different** if one intentionally performed labor that is **a primary category,** for which he is liable to be executed by **stoning, and it is no different** if one intentionally performed labor that is **a subcategory,** for which he is liable to be executed by **stoning.**


###### Bava Kamma 2a:8
[Bava Kamma 2a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:8)

וּמַאי אִיכָּא בֵּין אָב לְתוֹלָדָה? נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ, דְּאִילּוּ עָבֵיד שְׁתֵּי אָבוֹת בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי, אִי נָמֵי שְׁתֵּי תוֹלָדוֹת בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – מִחַיַּיב אַכׇּל חֲדָא וַחֲדָא; וְאִילּוּ עָבֵיד אָב וְתוֹלָדָה דִּידֵיהּ – לָא מִחַיַּיב אֶלָּא חֲדָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And what** difference **is there between a primary category and a subcategory?** The Gemara explains: The practical **difference** is **that if one** unwittingly **performs two** labors classified as different **primary categories together,** during a single lapse of awareness, or, **alternatively,** if one unwittingly performs **two** labors classified as **subcategories** of two different primary categories **together,** during a single lapse of awareness, **one is liable** to bring a sin-offering **for each and every** labor that he performed. Each primary category of labor is an independent transgression. **While if one** unwittingly **performs** a labor that is **a primary category and** another labor classified as **its subcategory** during a single lapse of awareness, **he is liable** to bring **only one** sin-offering.


###### Bava Kamma 2a:9
[Bava Kamma 2a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:9)

וּלְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר – דִּמְחַיֵּיב אַתּוֹלָדָה בִּמְקוֹם אָב; אַמַּאי קָרֵי לֵיהּ אָב, וְאַמַּאי קָרֵי לַהּ תּוֹלָדָה? הָךְ דַּהֲוָה בְּמִשְׁכָּן חֲשִׁיבָא – קָרֵי לֵיהּ אָב, הָךְ דְּלָא הֲוֵי בְּמִשְׁכָּן חֲשִׁיבָא – קָרֵי לַהּ תּוֹלָדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And according to Rabbi Eliezer, who deems one liable** to bring two sin-offerings even if one performs a labor classified as **a subcategory together with** a labor that is **its primary category, why is** one labor **characterized** as **a primary category and why is** the other labor **characterized** as **a subcategory?** The Gemara explains: Of the labors prohibited on Shabbat, **that which was a significant** labor **in the Tabernacle,** the Sages **characterized** it as **a primary category,** and **that which was not a significant labor in the Tabernacle,** the Sages **characterized** it as **a subcategory.** The labors prohibited on Shabbat are derived from the labors employed in the construction of the Tabernacle; therefore, their classification is also based on their significance in its construction.


###### Bava Kamma 2a:10
[Bava Kamma 2a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/2a:10)

גַּבַּי טוּמְאוֹת תְּנַן: אָבוֹת הַטּוּמְאוֹת – הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְהַשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**With regard to ritual impurities, we learned** in the mishna (*Kelim* 1:1): **The primary categories of ritual impurity** are as follows: Any of the eight species of **the creeping animal** enumerated in the Torah (Leviticus 11:29–30), **and semen,**