## Bava Kamma Daf 42a

###### Bava Kamma 42a:1
[Bava Kamma 42a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:1)

מַשְׁכַּח רַבְרְבֵי – שָׁקֵיל, זוּטְרֵי – שָׁקֵיל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When **he finds big ones he takes** them, and when he finds **small ones he takes** them as well. Here too, although Rabbi Eliezer’s first explanation was sufficient, he added an additional response, despite the fact that it was not as good as the first.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:2
[Bava Kamma 42a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:2)

רַב טָבְיוֹמֵי מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרָבָא אָמַר ״הֵמִית״ אֲמַר לֵיהּ בְּרֵישָׁא – מָשָׁל לְצַיָּיד שֶׁשּׁוֹלֶה דָּגִים מִן הַיָּם, מַשְׁכַּח זוּטְרֵי – שָׁקֵיל, מַשְׁכַּח רַבְרְבֵי – שָׁדֵי זוּטְרֵי וְשָׁקֵיל רַבְרְבֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
By contrast, **Rav Tavyumei said in the name of Rava** that **he first said to him** the explanation involving inconclusive testimony asserting that the ox **killed,** since this is **analogous to a fisherman pulling fish from the sea,** who **finds small ones** and **takes** them, and when he then **finds big ones, he discards the small ones and takes** only **the big ones.** Here too, once Rabbi Eliezer thought of a better response to Rabbi Akiva’s question, he suggested it instead of the first.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:3
[Bava Kamma 42a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:3)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ: ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: נָקִי מִדְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **It is taught** in **another** *baraita* with regard to the verse: **“The owner of the ox shall be clear,”** that **Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says:** It means he shall be **clear from** paying **compensation for** miscarried **offspring.** In other words, if an innocuous ox causes a woman to miscarry, the owner is not liable to pay half the compensation for the miscarried offspring.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:4
[Bava Kamma 42a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:4)

אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״כִּי יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים וְנָגְפוּ אִשָּׁה״ – אֲנָשִׁים, וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Akiva said to him:** It is unnecessary for the verse to teach this. **Doesn’t it say** with regard to paying compensation for miscarried offspring: **“If men struggle and hurt a** pregnant **woman** and her offspring emerge, and there is no tragedy, he shall be punished as the husband of the woman shall impose upon him and he shall give as the judges determine” (Exodus 21:22); from which it is inferred that **men** who cause a woman to miscarry are liable to pay compensation for the offspring, **but** the owner of **oxen** who cause a woman to miscarry is **not** liable?


###### Bava Kamma 42a:5
[Bava Kamma 42a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:5)

שַׁפִּיר קָאָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **Rabbi Akiva is saying well;** he states a reasonable objection. What would Rabbi Yosei HaGelili have responded to him?


###### Bava Kamma 42a:6
[Bava Kamma 42a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:6)

אָמַר רַב עוּלָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי: אִיצְטְרִיךְ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: אֲנָשִׁים – וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים הַדּוֹמִין לַאֲנָשִׁים; מָה אֲנָשִׁים מוּעָדִין – אַף שְׁוָורִים מוּעָדִין, הָא תָּם – מִיחַיַּיב; כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – דְּפָטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ulla, son of Rav Idi, said: It was necessary** for the verse to teach this exemption, as otherwise it might **enter your mind to say** that this inference should be limited, as follows: **Men** are liable to pay compensation for miscarried offspring, **but** the owner of **oxen that are comparable to men** is **not** liable. Only some oxen are excluded from this *halakha*. **Just as men are** categorically considered **forewarned, so too** the **oxen,** which are contrasted with men in this case, **are** considered **forewarned** as well. **But** in the case of miscarriage caused by **an innocuous** ox, its owner **would be liable** to pay compensation for miscarried offspring. Therefore, **the Merciful One wrote** with regard to an innocuous ox: **“The owner of the ox shall be clear,”** to teach us **that** he is **exempt** from liability.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:7
[Bava Kamma 42a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:7)

אָמַר רָבָא: יַצִּיבָא בְּאַרְעָא, וְגִיּוֹרָא בִּשְׁמֵי שְׁמַיָּא?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said,** in objection to this answer: **The native is on the ground and the stranger is in the heavens!** The aforementioned suggestion contradicts the principle that the *halakha* of a forewarned ox is more stringent than that of an innocuous ox.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:8
[Bava Kamma 42a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:8)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: אִיצְטְרִיךְ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: אֲנָשִׁים – וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים הַדּוֹמִין לַאֲנָשִׁים; מָה אֲנָשִׁים מוּעָדִין – אַף שְׁוָורִים מוּעָדִין, וְקַל וָחוֹמֶר לְתַמִּין דִּפְטִירִי; הֲדַר כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – תָּם פָּטוּר, וּמוּעָד חַיָּיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rava said** a different way for Rabbi Yosei HaGelili to counter Rabbi Akiva’s objection: **It was necessary** for the verse to teach this exemption, as otherwise it might **enter your mind to say** that only **men** are liable to pay for miscarried offspring, **but** the owner of **oxen that are comparable to men** is **not** liable. **Just as men are** categorically considered **forewarned, so too** the **oxen,** which are contrasted with men in this case, **are** considered **forewarned** as well. **And for** miscarriage caused by **innocuous oxen,** their owners **are** also **exempt** due to an ***a fortiori*** inference. **The Merciful One then wrote** that **the owner of the** innocuous **ox shall be clear,** indicating that only for **an innocuous** ox is one **exempt** from paying compensation for miscarried offspring, **but** for **a forewarned** ox the owner is **liable.**


###### Bava Kamma 42a:9
[Bava Kamma 42a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:9)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, גַּבֵּי בּוֹשֶׁת נָמֵי נֵימָא הָכִי: אֲנָשִׁים – וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים הַדּוֹמִין לַאֲנָשִׁים; מָה אֲנָשִׁים מוּעָדִין – אַף שְׁוָורִים מוּעָדִין, וְקַל וָחוֹמֶר לְתַמִּין דִּפְטִירִי; הֲדַר כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – תָּם פָּטוּר, וּמוּעָד חַיָּיב!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said to him: If that is so,** then **with regard to** compensation for **humiliation,** which is derived from the verse: “When men struggle together, a man and his brother, and the wife of one drew near to deliver her husband from the hand of the one who smites him, and extended her hand, and grabbed his genitals” (Deuteronomy 25:11), **let us say this as well:** Only **men** are liable to pay for humiliation, **but** the owner of **oxen that are comparable to men** is **not** liable. **Just as men are** categorically considered **forewarned, so too** the **oxen,** which are contrasted with men in this case, **are** considered **forewarned** as well. **And for** humiliation caused by **innocuous oxen,** their owners **are** also **exempt** due to an ***a fortiori*** inference. **The Merciful One then wrote** that **the owner of the** innocuous **ox shall be clear,** indicating that only for **an innocuous** ox is one **exempt** from paying compensation for humiliation, **but** for **a forewarned** ox the owner is **liable.**


###### Bava Kamma 42a:10
[Bava Kamma 42a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:10)

וְכִי תֵּימָא הָכִי נָמֵי, אִי הָכִי, לִיתְנֵי: ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: פָּטוּר מִדְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת וּמִבּוֹשֶׁת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that **indeed** that is the *halakha* according to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, **if so, let** the *baraita* **teach** that with regard to the verse: **“The owner of the ox shall be clear,” Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: He is exempt** both **from** paying **compensation for** miscarried **offspring and from** paying compensation for **humiliation.**


###### Bava Kamma 42a:11
[Bava Kamma 42a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:11)

אֶלָּא אַבָּיֵי וְרָבָא דְּאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ: אֲנָשִׁים – אֵין אָסוֹן בְּאִשָּׁה יֵעָנְשׁוּ, יֵשׁ אָסוֹן בָּאִשָּׁה לֹא יֵעָנְשׁוּ. וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים – דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּיֵשׁ אָסוֹן, יֵעָנְשׁוּ. הֲדַר כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – דְּפָטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava then retracted this explanation of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili’s opinion. **Rather, Abaye and Rava both say** that Rabbi Akiva’s inference is correct, according to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, but with regard to the continuation of the verse: “But if any harm follows, you shall give life for life” (Exodus 21:22). With regard to **men,** if **there is no harm** caused **to the woman,** i.e., she is not killed, **they shall be punished** financially and are liable to pay compensation for miscarried offspring. But if **there is harm** caused **to the woman** and she dies, **they shall not be punished** financially, as they are liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment. This distinction applies only with regard to men **but not** with regard to **oxen, as even if there is harm** caused to the woman, the owners **shall be punished** financially. In order to preclude this inference, **the Merciful One then wrote: “The owner of the ox shall be clear,”** to teach **that** he is **exempt** from paying compensation for miscarried offspring.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:12
[Bava Kamma 42a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:12)

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה: אַטּוּ בְּאָסוֹן תַּלְיָא מִילְּתָא? בְּכַוָּונָה תַּלְיָא מִילְּתָא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Adda bar Ahava objects to this: Is that to say** that **the issue** of financial liability **is dependent on** whether or not there was **harm** caused to the woman? Clearly, **the issue is dependent on the intent** to strike the woman.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:13
[Bava Kamma 42a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:13)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה: אֲנָשִׁים – כִּי נִתְכַּוְּנוּ זֶה לָזֶה, אַף עַל גַּב שֶׁיֵּשׁ אָסוֹן בָּאִשָּׁה, יֵעָנְשׁוּ; כִּי נִתְכַּוְּנוּ לָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ, לֹא יֵעָנְשׁוּ. וְלֹא שְׁוָורִים – דַּאֲפִילּוּ נִתְכַּוְּנוּ לָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ, ״יֵעָנְשׁוּ״. כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – דִּפְטִירִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rav Adda bar Ahava said** a different inference: With regard to **men,** in a case **where they intended to** strike **each other, even if there is harm** caused **to the woman,** i.e., she dies, **they shall be punished** financially, and are liable to pay compensation for miscarried offspring. But **when they intended to** strike **the woman herself they shall not be punished** financially, as they are liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment. **But** this distinction does **not** apply with regard to **oxen, as even if they intended to** strike **the woman herself,** their owners **shall be punished.** In order to preclude this inference, **the Merciful One wrote: “The owner of the ox shall be clear,”** to teach **that** the owners are **exempt** from paying compensation for miscarried offspring.


###### Bava Kamma 42a:14
[Bava Kamma 42a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:14)

וְכֵן כִּי אֲתָא רַב חַגַּי מִדָּרוֹמָא, אֲתָא וְאַיְיתִי מַתְנִיתָא בִּידֵיהּ כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And similarly, when Rav Ḥaggai came from the South, he came and brought a *baraita* in his hand** that interprets the verse **in accordance with** the explanation **of Rav Adda bar Ahava.**


###### Bava Kamma 42a:15
[Bava Kamma 42a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/42a:15)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ: ״בַּעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי״ – רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: נָקִי מִדְּמֵי עֶבֶד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **It is taught** in **another** *baraita* with regard to the verse **“The owner of the ox shall be clear”** that **Rabbi Akiva says:** This statement teaches that if an innocuous ox kills a Canaanite slave, its owner shall be **clear from** paying **compensation for the slave,** unlike the case of a forewarned ox that killed a Canaanite slave, where the ox’s owner is liable.