## Bava Kamma Daf 82a

###### Bava Kamma 82a:1
[Bava Kamma 82a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:1)

וְהָא כִּי אֲתָא רַבִּי אָבִין אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֶחָד אִילָן הַנּוֹטֶה לְתוֹךְ שְׂדֵה חֲבֵירוֹ, וְאֶחָד אִילָן הַסָּמוּךְ לַמֶּצֶר – מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא, שֶׁעַל מְנָת כֵּן הִנְחִיל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הָאָרֶץ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara further questions the number of Joshua’s stipulations: **But when Rabbi Avin came** from Eretz Yisrael he said that **Rabbi Yoḥanan says:** With regard to **both a tree that leans into the field of another and a tree that is close to a boundary** with another field, the owner of the tree **brings** the first fruits of the tree **and recites** the accompanying declaration, as described in Deuteronomy 26:5–10, **as** it was **on this condition** that **Joshua apportioned Eretz** Yisrael **to the Jewish people.** This is an additional stipulation by Joshua, which means that there are more than ten.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:2
[Bava Kamma 82a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:2)

אֶלָּא מַאן תָּנָא עֲשָׂרָה תְּנָאִין שֶׁהִתְנָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ – רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי הוּא. רַב גְּבִיהָה מִבֵּי כְתִיל מַתְנֵי לַהּ בְּהֶדְיָא: רַבִּי תַּנְחוּם וְרַבִּי בִּרְיָיס אָמְרִי מִשּׁוּם זָקֵן אֶחָד, וּמַנּוּ – רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי; עֲשָׂרָה תְּנָאִין הִתְנָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Rather, who** is the one who **taught** the *baraita* that deals with the **ten conditions that Joshua stipulated? It is Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi,** an *amora*. Therefore, Rabbi Yoḥanan, another *amora*, can disagree with it. **Rav Geviha from Bei Katil teaches** this **explicitly** in his version of the *baraita*: **Rabbi Tanḥum and Rabbi Berayes say in the name of a certain elder, and who is that** elder? It is **Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: Joshua stipulated ten conditions.**


###### Bava Kamma 82a:3
[Bava Kamma 82a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:3)

עֲשָׂרָה תַּקָּנוֹת תִּיקֵּן עֶזְרָא: שֶׁקּוֹרִין בַּמִּנְחָה בַּשַּׁבָּת; וְקוֹרִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי; וְדָנִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי; וּמְכַבְּסִים בַּחֲמִישִׁי בַּשַּׁבָּת; וְאוֹכְלִין שׁוּם בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה מַשְׁכֶּמֶת וְאוֹפָה; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹגֶרֶת בְּסִינָר; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹפֶפֶת וְטוֹבֶלֶת; וְשֶׁיְּהוּ רוֹכְלִין מַחֲזִירִין בָּעֲיָירוֹת; וְתִיקֵּן טְבִילָה לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Sages taught that **Ezra** the Scribe **instituted ten ordinances:** He instituted **that** communities **read** the Torah **on Shabbat in the afternoon; and they** also **read** the Torah **on** every **Monday and Thursday; and** the courts convene and **judge** every **Monday and Thursday; and one does laundry on Thursday; and one eats garlic on Shabbat eve. And** Ezra further instituted **that a woman should rise early and bake** bread on those days when she wants to bake; **and that a woman should don a breechcloth; and that a woman should** first **comb** her hair **and** only then **immerse** in a ritual bath after being ritually impure; **and that peddlers** of cosmetics and perfumes **should travel around through** all **the towns. And** Ezra further **instituted** the requirement of **immersion for those who experienced a seminal emission.**


###### Bava Kamma 82a:4
[Bava Kamma 82a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:4)

שֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹרְאִין בַּמִּנְחָה בַּשַּׁבָּת – מִשּׁוּם יוֹשְׁבֵי קְרָנוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara analyzes these ordinances, the first of which is **that** communities **shall read** the Torah **on Shabbat afternoon.** This Gemara explains that this ordinance was instituted **due to those who sit** idly on street **corners,** who do not attend the synagogue during the week.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:5
[Bava Kamma 82a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:5)

וְשֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹרְאִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי – עֶזְרָא תִּיקֵּן?! וְהָא מֵעִיקָּרָא הֲוָה מִיתַּקְנָא! דְּתַנְיָא: ״וַיֵּלְכוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וְלֹא מָצְאוּ מָיִם״ – דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת אָמְרוּ: אֵין מַיִם אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הוֹי כׇּל צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara discusses the second of Ezra’s ordinances: **And that they should read** the Torah **on** every **Monday and Thursday.** The Gemara asks: **Did Ezra institute** this practice? **But it was instituted from the beginning,** i.e., long before his time. **As it is taught** in a *baraita* with regard to the verse: “And Moses led Israel onward from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; **and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water”** (Exodus 15:22). **Those who interpret verses** metaphorically **said** that **water** here is referring to **nothing other than Torah, as it is stated** metaphorically, concerning those who desire wisdom: **“Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water”** (Isaiah 55:1).


###### Bava Kamma 82a:6
[Bava Kamma 82a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:6)

כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָלְכוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בְּלֹא תּוֹרָה, נִלְאוּ, עָמְדוּ נְבִיאִים שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶם וְתִיקְּנוּ לָהֶם שֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹרִין בַּשַּׁבָּת, וּמַפְסִיקִין בְּאֶחָד בַּשַּׁבָּת, וְקוֹרִין בְּשֵׁנִי, וּמַפְסִיקִין שְׁלִישִׁי וּרְבִיעִי, וְקוֹרִין בַּחֲמִישִׁי, וּמַפְסִיקִין עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָלִינוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים בְּלֹא תּוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: The verse means that **since** the Jews **traveled for three days without** hearing any **Torah they became weary,** and therefore the **prophets among them arose and instituted for them that they should read** from the Torah each **Shabbat, and pause** on **Sunday, and read** again on **Monday, and pause** on **Tuesday and Wednesday, and read** again on **Thursday, and pause** on **Shabbat eve, so they would not tarry three days without** hearing the **Torah.** Evidently this practice predates Ezra.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:7
[Bava Kamma 82a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:7)

מֵעִיקָּרָא תִּקְּנוּ חַד גַּבְרָא – תְּלָתָא פְּסוּקֵי, אִי נָמֵי תְּלָתָא גַּבְרֵי – תְּלָתָא פְּסוּקֵי, כְּנֶגֶד כֹּהֲנִים לְוִיִּם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים; אֲתָא הוּא, תַּיקֵּן תְּלָתָא גַּבְרֵי וְעַשְׂרָה פְּסוּקֵי, כְּנֶגֶד עֲשָׂרָה בַּטְלָנִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Initially they instituted** that **one man** read **three verses;** or **alternatively,** that **three men** read **three verses.** Either way, the number three **corresponds to** the three types of Jews: **Priests, Levites, and Israelites.** Ezra later **came** and **instituted** that **three men** always read, **and** that **ten verses** altogether be read by them, **corresponding to the ten idlers** in a city, i.e., the ten men who are paid to spend their time dealing with synagogue and communal matters.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:8
[Bava Kamma 82a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:8)

וְדָנִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי – דִּשְׁכִיחִי, דְּאָתוּ לְמִקְרֵא בְּסִיפְרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The next ordinance of Ezra is: **And** the courts convene and **judge** every **Monday and Thursday.** The Gemara explains that the reason for this ordinance is **that** many people are **found** in a city on these days, **as they come** from the countryside **for the reading of the** holy **book,** the Torah, which is performed on Mondays and Thursdays, as stated above.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:9
[Bava Kamma 82a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:9)

וְשֶׁיְּהוּ מְכַבְּסִין בַּחֲמִישִׁי בַּשַּׁבָּת – מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹד שַׁבָּת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* teaches: **And that one should do laundry on Thursday.** This was instituted **due to** the need to have clean garments in **deference to Shabbat.**


###### Bava Kamma 82a:10
[Bava Kamma 82a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:10)

וְשֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹכְלִין שׁוּם בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת – מִשּׁוּם עוֹנָה; דִּכְתִיב: ״אֲשֶׁר פִּרְיוֹ יִתֵּן בְּעִתּוֹ״, וְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב נַחְמָן, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב כָּהֲנָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: זֶה הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ מִטָּתוֹ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains the next listed ordinance: **And that one should eat garlic Shabbat eve.** This is **due to** the fact that garlic enhances sexual potency, and Friday night is an appropriate time for **conjugal relations. As it is written** concerning the righteous: “And he shall be like a tree planted by streams of water, **who brings forth his fruit in his season”** (Psalms 1:3); **and Rabbi Yehuda says, and some say** it was **Rav Naḥman, and some say** it was **Rav Kahana, and some say** it was **Rabbi Yoḥanan** who said: **This** is referring to **one who engages in sexual intercourse every Shabbat eve.**


###### Bava Kamma 82a:11
[Bava Kamma 82a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:11)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, חֲמִשָּׁה דְּבָרִים נֶאֶמְרוּ בַּשּׁוּם: מַשְׂבִּיעַ, וּמַשְׁחִין, וּמַצְהִיל פָּנִים, וּמַרְבֶּה הַזֶּרַע, וְהוֹרֵג כִּנִּים שֶׁבִּבְנֵי מֵעַיִים. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: מַכְנִיס אַהֲבָה וּמוֹצִיא אֶת הַקִּנְאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita* that **five matters were stated with regard to garlic: It satisfies; it warms** the body; **it causes** one’s **countenance to shine; it increases** one’s **sperm, and it kills lice that are in the intestines. And some say** that it also **instills love** into those who eat it **and removes jealousy** from them.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:12
[Bava Kamma 82a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:12)

וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה מַשְׁכֶּמֶת וְאוֹפָה – כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא פַּת מְצוּיָה לַעֲנִיִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The next ordinance is: **And that a woman should rise early and bake** bread on those days when she bakes. This Gemara explains that this was instituted **so that bread should be available for poor people,** who go begging for bread in the mornings.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:13
[Bava Kamma 82a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:13)

וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹגֶרֶת בְּסִינָר – מִשּׁוּם צְנִיעוּתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* further teaches: **And that a woman should don a breechcloth [*sinar*].** This ordinance was instituted **due to** reasons of **modesty.**


###### Bava Kamma 82a:14
[Bava Kamma 82a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:14)

וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹפֶפֶת וְטוֹבֶלֶת – דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הִיא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* adds: **And that a woman should** first **comb** her hair **and** only then **immerse** in a ritual bath. This is to ensure that there is no dirt or other substance in the hair that would invalidate the immersion. The Gemara questions this: **This is** required **by Torah law,** Ezra did not institute this.


###### Bava Kamma 82a:15
[Bava Kamma 82a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:15)

דְּתַנְיָא: ״וְרָחַץ אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ בַּמַּיִם״ – שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דָּבָר חוֹצֵץ בֵּין בְּשָׂרוֹ לַמַּיִם. ״אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ״ – אֶת הַטָּפֵל לִבְשָׂרוֹ, וּמַאי נִיהוּ – שֵׂעָר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it is taught** in a *baraita*, concerning a verse that discusses one who must undergo ritual immersion: **“And he shall bathe his flesh [*et besaro*] in water”** (Leviticus 14:9). This verse teaches **that no substance should interpose between his flesh and the water.** When the verse states this in the expanded form of **“*et* his flesh,”** using the term “*et*,” this teaches that the water must come into contact even with **that which is subordinate to his flesh. And what is that?** It is one’s **hair.** Accordingly, the Torah itself states that there may not be any interposing substance in the hair at the time of immersion. What, then, did Ezra add?


###### Bava Kamma 82a:16
[Bava Kamma 82a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/82a:16)

אָמְרִי: דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא – לְעַיּוֹנֵי דִּלְמָא מִיקְּטַר, אִי נָמֵי מְאַוַּס מִידֵּי, מִשּׁוּם חֲצִיצָה;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Sages **say** in response: **By Torah law** one is required **to inspect** his or her hair before immersion, as **perhaps** some hairs are **knotted** together, preventing contact with water at that spot, **or** perhaps there is some **repulsive substance** in his hair. One must perform this inspection **because** these would constitute **an interposition.**