## Bava Kamma Daf 86b

###### Bava Kamma 86b:1
[Bava Kamma 86b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:1)

דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וּמִיכְּלַם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
say that the *baraita* discusses a case involving a minor **who** has reached a stage in which when **others humiliate him he feels humiliation.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:2
[Bava Kamma 86b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:2)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַמְבַיֵּישׁ אֶת הֶעָרוֹם, הַמְבַיֵּישׁ אֶת הַסּוֹמֵא, וְהַמְבַיֵּישׁ אֶת הַיָּשֵׁן – חַיָּיב. וְיָשֵׁן שֶׁבִּיֵּישׁ – פָּטוּר. נָפַל מִן הַגָּג, וְהִזִּיק וּבִיֵּישׁ – חַיָּיב עַל הַנֶּזֶק, וּפָטוּר עַל הַבּוֹשֶׁת עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One who humiliates a naked person,** or **one who humiliates a blind person, or one who humiliates a sleeping person** is **liable, but a sleeping person who humiliates** another is **exempt.** If one **fell from the roof** onto another person, **and** thereby **caused** him **damage and humiliated** him, then the one who fell is **liable for the** indemnity of **damage,** since a person is always considered forewarned, **and exempt from the** indemnity of **humiliation,** since a person is not liable for humiliation **unless he intends** to humiliate the other person.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:3
[Bava Kamma 86b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:3)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: בִּיְּישׁוֹ עָרוֹם – חַיָּיב, וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה בִּיְּישׁוֹ עָרוֹם לְבִיְּישׁוֹ לָבוּשׁ. בִּיְּישׁוֹ בְּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ – חַיָּיב, וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה בִּיְּישׁוֹ בְּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ לְבִיְּישׁוֹ בַּשּׁוּק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught** in a *baraita* (*Tosefta* 9:12): If one **humiliated** another who was **naked,** he is **liable, but** the magnitude of humiliation felt when he **humiliated him** while **naked is not comparable to** the magnitude of humiliation felt had he **humiliated him** while **clothed,** since one who chooses to be naked is less sensitive to humiliation. Similarly, if one **humiliated** another **in a bathhouse,** he is **liable, but** the magnitude of humiliation felt when he **humiliated him in a bathhouse is not comparable to** the magnitude of humiliation felt had he **humiliated him in the marketplace.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:4
[Bava Kamma 86b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:4)

אָמַר מָר: בִּיְּישׁוֹ עָרוֹם – חַיָּיב. עָרוֹם בַּר בּוֹשֶׁת הוּא?! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: מַאי ״עָרוֹם״ – דַּאֲתָא זִיקָא כַּרְכִינְהוּ לְמָאנֵיהּ, וַאֲתָא הוּא דַּלִּינְהוּ טְפֵי וּבַיְּישֵׁיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies the *baraita*: **The Master says:** If one **humiliated** another who was **naked,** the one who humiliated him is **liable.** The Gemara asks: **Is a naked person subject to humiliation?** Is it possible to humiliate him in this state? **Rav Pappa said: What** does the *baraita* mean when it says: **Naked?** It means a case **where a gust** of wind **came and lifted his clothes, and** then this one **came and raised them higher and humiliated him.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:5
[Bava Kamma 86b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:5)

בִּיְּישׁוֹ בְּבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ – חַיָּיב. בֵּית הַמֶּרְחָץ בַּר בּוֹשֶׁת הוּא?! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: שֶׁבִּיְּישׁוֹ עַל גַּב הַנָּהָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* also teaches: If one **humiliated** another **in a bathhouse,** he is **liable.** The Gemara asks: **Is** one in **a bathhouse subject to humiliation?** In a place where people stand naked, can a person be humiliated by having his clothes removed? **Rav Pappa said:** This is a case **where he humiliated him** not in an actual bathhouse, but **on the bank of the river,** which is a place where people behave more discreetly when they undress.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:6
[Bava Kamma 86b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:6)

בָּעֵי רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר מֶמֶל: בִּיְּישׁוֹ יָשֵׁן – וָמֵת, מַהוּ? מַאי קָמִבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ? אָמַר רַב זְבִיד, הָכִי קָמִבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ: מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא הוּא – וְהָא מִית לֵיהּ וְלֵית לֵיהּ כִּיסּוּפָא, אוֹ דִלְמָא מִשּׁוּם זִילוּתָא הוּא – וְהָא אוֹזְלֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabbi Abba bar Memel raises a dilemma:** If one **humiliated** another who was **asleep, and** he **died** before he awoke, so he never knew of his humiliation, **what** is the *halakha*? The Gemara asks: **What is his dilemma? Rav Zevid said** that **this is his dilemma:** Is the compensation for humiliation **due to embarrassment,** i.e., that his feelings suffer because of what he experienced, **and this** one **died and does not have** that feeling of **embarrassment? Or perhaps** the compensation for humiliation **is due to disgrace,** i.e., lessening of his honor in front of other people, **and** he **disgraced him.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:7
[Bava Kamma 86b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:7)

תָּא שְׁמַע, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: חֵרֵשׁ וְקָטָן – יֵשׁ לָהֶן בּוֹשֶׁת, שׁוֹטֶה – אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא מִשּׁוּם זִילוּתָא, הַיְינוּ דְּקָתָנֵי קָטָן; אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא, קָטָן בַּר בּוֹשֶׁת הוּא?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a resolution to the dilemma from a *baraita*: **Rabbi Meir says: A deaf-mute and a minor have** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation; an imbecile does not have** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation.** The Gemara explains: **Granted, if you say** that the compensation is **due to disgrace, this** explanation **is** consistent with **that which** the *baraita* **teaches** concerning **a minor,** who can be disgraced; **but if you say** that the compensation is **due to embarrassment, is a minor subject to humiliation?**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:8
[Bava Kamma 86b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:8)

אֶלָּא מַאי, מִשּׁוּם זִילוּתָא? אֲפִילּוּ שׁוֹטֶה נָמֵי! אָמְרִי: שׁוֹטֶה – אֵין לְךָ בּוֹשֶׁת גְּדוֹלָה מִזּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this suggestion: **Rather, what** do you mean by stating that the compensation is **due to disgrace?** If compensation is granted due to disgrace, then **an imbecile** should receive compensation **as well.** The Sages **say** in response: With regard to **an imbecile, you** can **have no greater humiliation than this.** It is impossible to degrade him further.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:9
[Bava Kamma 86b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:9)

מִכׇּל מָקוֹם נִיפְשׁוֹט מִינַּהּ דְּמִשּׁוּם זִילוּתָא הוּא, דְּאִי מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא – קָטָן בַּר כִּיסּוּפָא הוּא? כִּדְאָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וּמִיכְּלַם, הָכָא נָמֵי – דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וּמִיכְּלַם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara returns to the original suggestion: **In any case, resolve from this** *baraita* **that** the compensation **is due to disgrace, as, if** it is **due to embarrassment, is a minor subject to embarrassment?** The Gemara rejects this proof: This is **as Rav Pappa said** with regard to a different *halakha*, cited later by the Gemara: The case involves a minor **who** has reached an age in which when **others humiliate him he feels humiliation; here, too,** say that this *baraita* discusses a case involving a minor **who** has reached an age in which when **others humiliate him he feels humiliation.** This is how Rav Zevid understands the dilemma of Rabbi Abba bar Memel.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:10
[Bava Kamma 86b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:10)

רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר, הָכִי קָמִבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ: מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא דִידֵיהּ הוּא – וְהוּא מִיית לֵיהּ, אוֹ דִלְמָא מִשּׁוּם בּוֹשֶׁת מִשְׁפָּחָה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Pappa explains Rabbi Abba bar Memel’s dilemma differently: **Rav Pappa said** that **this is his dilemma:** Is the compensation for humiliation **due to his own embarrassment, and** this one **died** and was not embarrassed? **Or perhaps** the compensation for humiliation is **due to** his **family’s humiliation,** and therefore the one who humiliated him must pay compensation to his family?


###### Bava Kamma 86b:11
[Bava Kamma 86b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:11)

תָּא שְׁמַע: חֵרֵשׁ וְקָטָן יֵשׁ לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת, שׁוֹטֶה אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא מִשּׁוּם בּוֹשֶׁת מִשְׁפָּחָה – הַיְינוּ דְּקָתָנֵי קָטָן. אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא דִידֵיהּ – קָטָן בַּר בּוֹשֶׁת הוּא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a resolution from the same *baraita*: **A deaf-mute and a minor have** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation; an imbecile does not have** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation.** The Gemara explains: **Granted, if you say** that the compensation is **due to** his **family’s humiliation, this** explanation **is** consistent with **that which** the *baraita* **teaches** concerning **a minor,** whose family can experience humiliation based on what was done to their relative; **but if you say** that the compensation is **due to his own embarrassment, is a minor subject to humiliation?**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:12
[Bava Kamma 86b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:12)

אֶלָּא מַאי? מִשּׁוּם בּוֹשֶׁת דִּבְנֵי מִשְׁפָּחָה? אֲפִילּוּ שׁוֹטֶה נָמֵי! שׁוֹטֶה – אֵין לְךָ בּוֹשֶׁת גְּדוֹלָה מִזּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this suggestion: **Rather, what** do you mean by stating that the compensation is **due to the humiliation of members of** his **family?** If this is the case, **an imbecile** should receive compensation **as well.** The Sages say in response: If one is **an imbecile, you** can **have no greater humiliation than this.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:13
[Bava Kamma 86b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:13)

מִכׇּל מָקוֹם נִיפְשׁוֹט מִינַּהּ דְּמִשּׁוּם בּוֹשֶׁת מִשְׁפָּחָה, דְּאִי מִשּׁוּם כִּיסּוּפָא – קָטָן בַּר כִּיסּוּפָא הוּא? אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: אִין, דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וּמִיכְּלַם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara returns to the original suggestion: **In any case, resolve from this that** the compensation is **due to** his **family’s humiliation, as, if** it is **due to embarrassment, is a minor subject to embarrassment? Rav Pappa said: Yes,** he is subject to embarrassment, as the *baraita* discusses a case involving a minor **who** has reached an age in which when **others humiliate him he feels humiliation.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:14
[Bava Kamma 86b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:14)

וְהָתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: חֵרֵשׁ – יֵשׁ לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת. שׁוֹטֶה – אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת. קָטָן – פְּעָמִים יֵשׁ לוֹ, פְּעָמִים אֵין לוֹ – הָא דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וּמִיכְּלַם, הָא דְּמַיכְלְמוּ לֵיהּ וְלָא מִיכְּלַם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara adds: **And** this distinction **is taught** in a *baraita*, as **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says: A deaf-mute has** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation; an imbecile does not have** the right to receive compensation for **humiliation.** With regard to **a minor, sometimes he has** the right to receive compensation for humiliation, and **sometimes he does not have** the right. Why is this so? **This** case where he has the right to receive compensation for humiliation is one involving a minor **who** has reached the stage in which **when others humiliate him he feels humiliation; that** case where he does not have the right to receive compensation for humiliation is one involving a minor **who** has **not** reached the stage in which **when others humiliate him he feels humiliation.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:15
[Bava Kamma 86b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:15)

הַמְבַיֵּישׁ אֶת הַסּוֹמֵא וְכוּ׳. מַתְנִיתִין דְּלָא כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה; דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: סוֹמֵא – אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת, וְכָךְ הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר מֵחַיָּיבֵי גָלִיּוֹת, וּמֵחַיָּיבֵי מַלְקִיּוֹת, וּמֵחַיָּיבֵי מִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches: **One who humiliates a blind person** is liable to pay compensation. The Gemara comments: **The mishna is not in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda, as it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says: A blind person** who humiliated another **does not have** liability for **humiliation. And** in **this way Rabbi Yehuda deemed** a blind person **exempt from** being among **those liable to be exiled** for killing unintentionally, **and from** being among **those liable** to receive **lashes, and from** being among **those liable** to receive **court**-imposed **capital punishment,** if he transgresses a prohibition for which the Torah mandates one of these punishments.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:16
[Bava Kamma 86b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:16)

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? גָּמַר ״עֵינֶךָ״–״עֵינֶךָ״ מֵעֵדִים זוֹמְמִין; מָה הָתָם סוֹמִין לָא, אַף הָכָא סוֹמִין לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda?** He **derives** a verbal analogy to: **“Your eye** shall not pity” (Deuteronomy 25:12), stated with regard to humiliation, **from: “Your eye** shall not pity” (Deuteronomy 19:21), stated with regard to **conspiring witnesses.** The analogy teaches that **just as there,** with regard to the *halakha* of conspiring witnesses, **blind people** are **not** included, as blind people cannot see events occur in order to testify, **so too here,** with regard to the *halakha* of compensation for humiliation, **blind people** are **not** included.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:17
[Bava Kamma 86b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:17)

מֵחַיָּיבֵי גָלִיּוֹת – דְּתַנְיָא: ״בְּלֹא רְאוֹת״ – פְּרָט לַסּוֹמֵא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַסּוֹמֵא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues its explanation: Why did Rabbi Yehuda deem a blind person exempt **from** being among **those liable to be exiled** for killing unintentionally? **As it is taught** in a *baraita* that the verse states with regard to an unintentional killing: “Or with any stone, whereby one may die, **seeing him not”** (Numbers 35:23), this formulation serves to **exclude a blind person;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says:** The verse serves **to include a blind person.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:18
[Bava Kamma 86b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:18)

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? אָמַר לָךְ: ״וַאֲשֶׁר יָבֹא אֶת רֵעֵהוּ בַיַּעַר לַחְטֹב עֵצִים״ – וַאֲפִילּוּ סוֹמֵא; כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בְּלֹא רְאוֹת״ – לְמַעוֹטֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains the dispute: **What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda?** He would **say to you:** The verse states with regard to an unintentional killing, without any further limiting clause: **“As when one goes into the forest with his neighbor to hew wood”** (Deuteronomy 19:5), **and** this includes **even a blind person;** therefore, **the Merciful One wrote** in the Torah: **“Seeing him not”** (Numbers 35:23), **to exclude** a blind person.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:19
[Bava Kamma 86b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:19)

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר – כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בְּלֹא רְאוֹת״ לְמַעוֹטֵי, וּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בִּבְלִי דַעַת״ לְמַעוֹטֵי; הָוֵי מִיעוּט אַחַר מִיעוּט, וְאֵין מִיעוּט אַחַר מִיעוּט אֶלָּא לְרַבּוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** what is the reasoning of **Rabbi Meir? The Merciful One wrote** in the Torah: **“Seeing him not”** (Numbers 35:23), apparently **to exclude** one who happened to not see the one he killed; **and the Merciful One wrote** in the Torah: “Who kills his neighbor **unawares”** (Deuteronomy 19:4), apparently **to exclude** a blind person, who is not aware of where others are standing. **This is a restriction following a restriction, and** there is a hermeneutical principle that **a restriction following a restriction** serves **only to amplify** the *halakha* and include additional cases. Therefore, a blind person is included in the *halakha* of those liable to be exiled for unintentional killing.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:20
[Bava Kamma 86b:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:20)

וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה – הָהוּא ״בִּבְלִי דַעַת״, פְּרָט לְמִתְכַּוֵּין הוּא דַּאֲתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** what would **Rabbi Yehuda** respond to this reasoning? The Gemara explains: **That** verse: “Who kills his neighbor **unawares,”** does not exclude one who could not see, but rather, **it comes to exclude** one who was **intending** to kill a particular person and unintentionally killed someone else. That killer is not exiled.


###### Bava Kamma 86b:21
[Bava Kamma 86b:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:21)

חַיָּיבֵי מִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין – אָתְיָא ״רֹצֵחַ״–״רֹצֵחַ״ מֵחַיָּיבֵי גָלִיּוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues to explain the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda. Why did he deem a blind person exempt from being among **those liable** to receive **court**-imposed **capital punishment?** That *halakha* is **derived** by means of a verbal analogy to: “But if he smote him with an instrument of iron so that he died, he is **a killer;** the killer shall be put to death” (Numbers 35:16), written with regard to capital punishment, **from:** “You shall appoint for yourselves cities, to be cities of refuge for you, that **a killer** who killed any person unintentionally may flee there” (Numbers 35:11), written with regard to **those liable to be exiled.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:22
[Bava Kamma 86b:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:22)

חַיָּיבֵי מַלְקִיּוֹת – אָתְיָא ״רָשָׁע״–״רָשָׁע״ מֵחַיָּיבֵי מִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Why did Rabbi Yehuda deem a blind person exempt from being among **those liable** to receive **lashes?** That *halakha* is **derived** by means of a verbal analogy to: “Then it shall be, if the **guilty** one deserves to be beaten” (Deuteronomy 25:2), written with regard to lashes, **from:** “Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is **guilty** of death” (Numbers 35:31), written with regard to **those liable** to receive **court**-imposed **capital punishment.**


###### Bava Kamma 86b:23
[Bava Kamma 86b:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/86b:23)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: סוֹמֵא אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara presents another statement of Rabbi Yehuda: It **is taught** in **another** *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says: A blind person does not have humiliation,**