## Bava Kamma Daf 87a

###### Bava Kamma 87a:1
[Bava Kamma 87a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:1)

וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטְרוֹ מִכׇּל דִּינִים שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? אָמַר קְרָא: ״וְשָׁפְטוּ הָעֵדָה בֵּין הַמַּכֶּה וּבֵין גֹּאֵל הַדָּם עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים הָאֵלֶּה״ – כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בְּמַכֶּה וּבְגוֹאֵל הַדָּם, יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּמִשְׁפָּטִים; כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּמַכֶּה וּבַגּוֹאֵל הַדָּם, אֵינוֹ בְּמִשְׁפָּטִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**and so did Rabbi Yehuda exempt** a blind person **from all judgments** of civil law **that are in the Torah.** The Gemara explains: **What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda? The verse states** with regard to an unintentional killing: **“Then the congregation shall judge between the smiter and the avenger of blood, according to these laws”** (Numbers 35:24), to teach that **anyone who is subject to** the *halakha* of **a smiter and to** the *halakha* of **an avenger of blood is subject to** civil **laws, and anyone who is not subject to** the *halakha* of **a smiter or to** the *halakha* of **an avenger of blood,** including a blind person, **is not subject to** civil **laws.**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:2
[Bava Kamma 87a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:2)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: סוֹמֵא אֵין לוֹ בּוֹשֶׁת. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטְרוֹ מִכׇּל מִצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה. אָמַר רַב שִׁישָׁא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי: מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? אָמַר קְרָא: ״וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּצְוֹת הַחֻקִּים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים״ – כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בְּמִשְׁפָּטִים, יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּמִצְוֹת וְחֻקִּים; וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּמִשְׁפָּטִים, אֵינוֹ בְּמִצְוֹת וְחֻקִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara presents another statement of Rabbi Yehuda. It **is taught** in **another** *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says: A blind person does not have,** i.e., receive, compensation for **humiliation, and so did Rabbi Yehuda exempt** a blind person **from all mitzvot that are stated in the Torah. Rav Sheisha, son of Rav Idi, said: What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda? The verse states: “And this is the commandment, statutes, and laws”** (Deuteronomy 6:1), to teach that **anyone who is subject to** civil **laws is** also **subject to** the **commandments and statutes, and anyone who is not subject to** civil **laws,** including a blind person, **is** also **not subject to** the **commandments and statutes.**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:3
[Bava Kamma 87a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:3)

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף, מֵרֵישׁ הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: מַאן דְּאָמַר הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה – דְּאָמַר: סוֹמֵא פָּטוּר מִן הַמִּצְוֹת, קָא עָבֵדְינָא יוֹמָא טָבָא לְרַבָּנַן, מַאי טַעְמָא? דְּלָא מִפַּקַּדְנָא, וְקָא עָבֵדְינָא מִצְוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef,** who was blind, **said: At first, I would say:** If I hear **one who says that** the ***halakha*** is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda, who says: A blind person** is **exempt from the mitzvot,** then **I will host a festive day for the Sages. What is the reason?** It is **that I am not commanded and** nevertheless **I perform mitzvot.**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:4
[Bava Kamma 87a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:4)

וְהַשְׁתָּא דִּשְׁמַעִית לְהָא דְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: גָּדוֹל הַמְצֻוֶּוה וְעוֹשֶׂה – מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְצֻוֶּוה וְעוֹשֶׂה; מַאן דְּאָמַר לִי: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, עָבֵידְנָא יוֹמָא טָבָא לְרַבָּנַן. מַאי טַעְמָא? דְּכִי מִפַּקַּדְינָא – אִית לִי אַגְרָא טְפֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Yosef continues. **But now that I heard this** statement **of Rabbi Ḥanina, as Rabbi Ḥanina says:** One who is **commanded and performs** a mitzva **is greater than** one who **is not commanded and performs** it, I say: If I hear **one who says to me** that the ***halakha*** is **not in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda,** then **I will host a festive day for the Sages. What is the reason?** It is **that as I am commanded, I have more reward.**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:5
[Bava Kamma 87a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:5)

**מַתְנִי׳** זֶה חוֹמֶר בָּאָדָם מִבַּשּׁוֹר – שֶׁהָאָדָם מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק, צַעַר, רִיפּוּי, שֶׁבֶת וּבוֹשֶׁת, וּמְשַׁלֵּם דְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת; וְשׁוֹר אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶלָּא נֶזֶק, וּפָטוּר מִדְּמֵי וְלָדוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **This** *halakha* **is a stringency with regard to a person** who caused injury, **compared to** the *halakha* **with regard to an ox** that caused injury: The *halakha* is **that the person pays** compensation for **damage, pain, medical costs, loss of livelihood, and humiliation; and** if he caused a woman to miscarry he also **pays compensation for** miscarried **offspring,** as the verse states (see Exodus 21:22). **But** in the case of **an ox** that caused injury, the owner **pays only** compensation for **damage, and** he is **exempt from** paying **compensation for** miscarried **offspring.**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:6
[Bava Kamma 87a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:6)

הַמַּכֶּה אֶת אָבִיו וְאֶת אִמּוֹ וְלֹא עָשָׂה בָּהֶן חַבּוּרָה, וְחוֹבֵל בַּחֲבֵירוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – חַיָּיב בְּכוּלָּן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **One who strikes his father or his mother but did not cause them** to have **a bruise,** and therefore is not liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment, **and one who injures another on Yom Kippur,** the punishment for which is not court-imposed capital punishment, is **liable** to pay **for all of** the five types of indemnity.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:7
[Bava Kamma 87a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:7)

הַחוֹבֵל בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי – חַיָּיב בְּכוּלָּן, חוּץ מִן הַשֶּׁבֶת בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלּוֹ. הַחוֹבֵל בְּעֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים – חַיָּיב בְּכוּלָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אֵין לַעֲבָדִים בּוֹשֶׁת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One who injures a Hebrew slave** is **liable** to pay **for all of** the five types of indemnity. This is **except for** compensation for **loss of livelihood** suffered **during the time that** the injured slave **belongs to** the one that injured him. Since the right to the slave’s labor belongs to his master, his inability to work is his master’s loss. **One who injures a Canaanite slave belonging to others is liable** to pay **for all of** the five types of indemnity. **Rabbi Yehuda says:** Canaanite **slaves do not have humiliation,** so the one who injures the slave pays only the other four types of indemnity.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:8
[Bava Kamma 87a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:8)

חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן פְּגִיעָתָן רָעָה, הַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן – חַיָּיב, וְהֵם שֶׁחָבְלוּ בַּאֲחֵרִים – פְּטוּרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: With regard to **a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, an encounter with them is disadvantageous.** In other words, no favorable outcome is possible for someone involved in an incident with one of these people, since **one who injures them** is **liable. But** if **they were** the ones **who injured others, they** are **exempt.** This is because they lack awareness and are not responsible for their actions.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:9
[Bava Kamma 87a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:9)

הָעֶבֶד וְהָאִשָּׁה פְּגִיעָתָן רָעָה, הַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶם – חַיָּיב, וְהֵם שֶׁחָבְלוּ בַּאֲחֵרִים – פְּטוּרִין, אֲבָל מְשַׁלְּמִין לְאַחַר זְמַן. נִתְגָּרְשָׁה הָאִשָּׁה, נִשְׁתַּחְרֵר הָעֶבֶד – חַיָּיבִין לְשַׁלֵּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Similarly, with regard to **a slave and** a married **woman, an encounter with them is disadvantageous,** since **one who injures them** is **liable. But** if **they** were the ones **who injured others, they** are **exempt,** because they do not have money with which to pay compensation. **But they pay** compensation **at a later time.** The exemption is only temporary, as, if **the woman becomes divorced** or **the slave becomes emancipated,** and they then have their own money, they are **liable to pay** compensation.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:10
[Bava Kamma 87a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:10)

הַמַּכֶּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ וְעָשָׂה בָּהֶן חַבּוּרָה, וְהַחוֹבֵל בַּחֲבֵירוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת – פָּטוּר מִכּוּלָּן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נִדּוֹן בְּנַפְשׁוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **One who strikes his father or his mother and causes them** to have **a bruise, or one who injures another on Shabbat,** is **exempt from** paying **all of** the five types of indemnity, **because he is judged with** losing **his life.** The court imposes capital punishment for these acts, so there is no additional monetary punishment.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:11
[Bava Kamma 87a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:11)

וְהַחוֹבֵל בְּעֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי שֶׁלּוֹ – פָּטוּר מִכּוּלָּן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And one who injures his own Canaanite slave** is **exempt from** paying **all of** the five types of indemnity, because his slave is his property.


###### Bava Kamma 87a:12
[Bava Kamma 87a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:12)

**גְּמָ׳** בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מֵרַב: הַחוֹבֵל בְּבַת קְטַנָּה שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים, חֲבָלָה לְמִי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara discusses a case of compensation for injury. **Rabbi Elazar raised a dilemma before Rav:** In a case of **one who injures the minor daughter of others, to whom** does he pay compensation for the **injury?**


###### Bava Kamma 87a:13
[Bava Kamma 87a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Kamma/r/87a:13)

מִי אָמְרִינַן: כֵּיוָן דְּאַקְנִי לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא שֶׁבַח נְעוּרִים לְאָב – חֲבָלָה נָמֵי דַּאֲבוּהּ הָוֵי, מַאי טַעְמָא – דְּהָא אַפְחֲתַהּ מִכַּסְפַּהּ; אוֹ דִילְמָא, שֶׁבַח נְעוּרִים הוּא דְּאַקְנִי לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא, דְּאִי בָּעֵי לְמִמְסַר לַהּ לְמוּכֵּה שְׁחִין – מָצֵי מָסַר, אֲבָל חֲבָלָה – כֵּיוָן דְּאִי בָּעֵי מִ(ת)חְבַּל בַּהּ לָא מָצֵי חָבֵיל, לָא (קַנְיֵיהּ) [אַקְנִי] לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Elazar explains the dilemma: **Do we say** that **since the Merciful One granted the profits of** her **youth to the father,** as he receives her betrothal money, compensation for **injury also belongs to her father? What is the reason** that he should receive it? The reason is **that** the one who injured her **lowered her monetary** value, resulting in her father receiving gifts of lesser value when she is betrothed. **Or perhaps it is** only **the profits of** her **youth that the Merciful One granted to** her father, **because if he desires to give her** in marriage **to a** man **afflicted with boils, he can give** her to him, **but** with regard to **injury, since if he desires to injure her he may not injure her,** just as he may not injure any other person, **the Merciful One did not grant him** the right to receive the compensation when she is injured.