## Bava Metzia Daf 106a

###### Bava Metzia 106a:1
[Bava Metzia 106a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:1)

מַאי? זֶרַע אַחֵר, מַאי? חִיטֵּי לְגַבֵּי (שְׂעוֹרִים) [שְׂעָרֵי] כְּזֶרַע אַחֵר דָּמֵי, אוֹ לָא? כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּשִׁדָּפוֹן, וְשֶׁלּוֹ בְּיֵרָקוֹן, אִי נָמֵי: כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּיֵרָקוֹן, וְשֶׁלּוֹ בְּשִׁדָּפוֹן, מַאי? תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**what** is the *halakha*? If the surrounding fields were planted with **a different** type of **seed, what** is the *halakha*? Likewise, is **wheat, in relation to barley,** considered **like a different** type of **seed or not?** Furthermore, if **the entire world,** i.e., all the surrounding fields, were blighted **by windblasts and his** was affected **by mildew;** or **alternatively,** if the fields of **the entire world** were struck **by mildew, and his** were blighted **with windblasts, what** is the *halakha*? The Gemara responds: No resolution is found to any of these dilemmas, and the dilemmas **shall stand** unresolved.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:2
[Bava Metzia 106a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:2)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִרְעַהּ חִיטֵּי, וַאֲזַל הוּא וְזַרְעַהּ שְׂעָרֵי, וְאִשְׁתְּדוּף רוּבָּא דְבָאגָא, וְאִשְׁתְּדוּף נָמֵי הָנָךְ שְׂעָרֵי דִּילֵיהּ, מַאי? מִי אָמְרִינַן דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִילּוּ זְרַעְתַּהּ חִיטֵּי הֲוָה נָמֵי מִשְׁתַּדְפָא, אוֹ דִלְמָא מָצֵי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִילּוּ זְרַעְתַּהּ חִיטֵּי הֲוָה מִקַּיַּים בִּי ״וְתִגְזַר אֹמֶר וְיָקׇם לָךְ״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara poses another question: If the owner **said to** the tenant farmer: **Plant** the field with **wheat, and he went and planted it** with **barley, and most of the valley was wind blasted, and these** fields with **barley of his were also wind blasted, what** is the *halakha*? **Do we say that** the tenant farmer can **say to him:** Even **if I had planted it** with **wheat** it **would likewise have been wind blasted,** as all the surrounding fields suffered the same fate, **or perhaps** the owner **can say to him: Had you planted it** with **wheat,** the following verse **would have been fulfilled for me: “And you shall decree a matter and it will be established for you,** and the light shall shine upon your ways” (Job 22:28), since you might have merited greater success by following my wishes.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:3
[Bava Metzia 106a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:3)

מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִי זְרַעְתַּהּ חִיטֵּי הֲוָה מִקַּיַּים בִּי ״וְתִגְזַר אֹמֶר וְיָקׇם לָךְ וְעַל דְּרָכֶיךָ נָגַהּ אוֹר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: It **stands to reason that** the owner can **say to him: Had you planted it** with **wheat** it **would have fulfilled for me: “And you shall decree a matter and it will be established for you, and the light shall shine upon your ways.”**


###### Bava Metzia 106a:4
[Bava Metzia 106a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:4)

נִשְׁתַּדְפוּ כׇּל שְׂדוֹתָיו שֶׁל מַחְכִּיר, וְאִשְׁתְּדוּף נָמֵי הָא בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ, וְלָא אִשְׁתְּדוּף רוּבָּא דְבָאגָא, מַאי? מִי אָמְרִינַן כֵּיוָן דְּלָא אִשְׁתְּדוּף רוּבָּא דְבָאגָא – לָא מְנַכֵּי לֵיהּ, אוֹ דִלְמָא כֵּיוָן דְּאִשְׁתְּדוּף כּוּלְּהוּ אַרְעָתֵיהּ, מָצֵי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַאי מִשּׁוּם לַתָּךְ דִּידָךְ הוּא, דְּהָא (מִשְׁתַּדְפוּ) [נִשְׁתַּדְפוּ] כָּל שְׂדוֹתֶיךָ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara presents another question: If **all the fields of the owner of the land were wind blasted and this** one **was also wind blasted with them, but the majority of the valley was not wind blasted, what** is the *halakha*? **Do we say** that **since the majority of the valley was not wind blasted** the tenant farmer does **not subtract for the owner** the amount owed for his tenancy, as this is not a regional disaster, **or perhaps** could one claim that **since all the lands** of the owner **were wind blasted** the tenant **can say to** the owner: **This** happened **due to your** bad **fortune, as all your fields were wind blasted?**


###### Bava Metzia 106a:5
[Bava Metzia 106a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:5)

מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִי מִשּׁוּם לַתַּאי דִּידִי – הֲוָה מִשְׁתַּיַּיר לִי פּוּרְתָּא, כְּדִכְתִיב: ״כִּי נִשְׁאַרְנוּ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: It **stands to reason that** the owner can **say to** the tenant: **If** it was **due to my** bad **fortune, a little would have been left for me, as it is written: “For we are left but a few from many”** (Jeremiah 42:2), which indicates that even one suffering from misfortune does not lose all he has.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:6
[Bava Metzia 106a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:6)

נִשְׁתַּדְפוּ כׇּל שְׂדוֹתָיו שֶׁל חוֹכֵר וְאִשְׁתְּדוּף רוּבָּא דְבָאגָא, וְאִשְׁתְּדוּף נָמֵי הָא בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ, מַאי? מִי אָמְרִינַן כֵּיוָן דְּאִשְׁתְּדוּף רוּבָּא דְבָאגָא מְנַכֵּי לֵיהּ, אוֹ דִלְמָא כֵּיוָן דְּאִשְׁתְּדוּף כּוּלְּהוּ אַרְעָתֵיהּ, מָצֵי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִשּׁוּם לַתָּךְ דִּידָךְ הוּא, דְּהָא (מִשְׁתַּדְפוּ) [נִשְׁתַּדְפוּ] כָּל שְׂדוֹתֶיךָ. מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: מִשּׁוּם לַתָּאךְ הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara discusses a similar case: If **all the fields of the tenant farmer were wind blasted and most of the valley was wind blasted and this** field **was also wind blasted with them, what** is the *halakha*? **Do we say** that **since most of the valley was wind blasted** the tenant farmer **subtracts for the owner** the amount owed for his tenancy and does not pay, **or perhaps, since all** the tenant’s **lands were wind blasted,** the owner **can say to the** tenant: The damage is **due to your** bad **fortune, as all your fields were wind blasted.** The Gemara responds: **It stands to reason that** the owner **can say to him:** It occurred **due to your** bad **fortune.**


###### Bava Metzia 106a:7
[Bava Metzia 106a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:7)

אַמַּאי? הָכָא נָמֵי נֵימָא לֵיהּ: אִי מִשּׁוּם לַתַּאי דִּידִי הוּא – הֲוָה מִשְׁ[תַּ]יַּיר לִי פּוּרְתָּא, דַּהֲוָה מִקַּיַּים בִּי ״כִּי נִשְׁאַרְנוּ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה״. מִשּׁוּם דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי הֲוָה חֲזֵית לְאִישְׁתַּיּוֹרֵי לָךְ מִידֵּי – הֲוָה מִשְׁתַּיַּיר לָךְ מִדְּנַפְשָׁךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Why** should this be so? **Here too, let us say to** the owner: **If** it was **due to my** bad **fortune, a little would have been left for me, as** the following verse **would have been fulfilled for me: “For we are left but a few from many.”** The Gemara answers: This is not a valid claim **because** the owner can **say to** the tenant: **Had you been worthy of something being left for you,** it **would have been left from your own** private land, not the field you paid to cultivate.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:8
[Bava Metzia 106a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:8)

מֵיתִיבִי: הָיְתָה שְׁנַת שִׁדָּפוֹן וְיֵרָקוֹן, אוֹ שְׁבִיעִית, אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁנִים כִּשְׁנֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ – אֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from a mishna to the ruling that if there is a regional disaster the cultivator subtracts from the produce he owes as part of his tenancy. The *halakha* is that if one sells his field in Eretz Yisrael in a time when the *halakhot* of the Jubilee Year are in effect, he does not have the right to purchase it from the buyer until two years have passed. The mishna teaches (*Arakhin* 29b): If it **was a year of wind-blasted** crops **or mildew or** it was the **Sabbatical** Year, **or** if those **years were like the years of Elijah** in which no rain fell (see I Kings 17:1, 18:1–2), they **do not count** as part **of his tally** of years before he may repurchase his land.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:9
[Bava Metzia 106a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:9)

קָתָנֵי: שִׁדָּפוֹן וְיֵרָקוֹן דּוּמְיָא דְּשָׁנִים כִּשְׁנֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ, מָה שְׁנֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ – דְּלָא הֲוַי תְּבוּאָה כְּלָל, אַף הָכָא נָמֵי – דְּלָא הֲוַי תְּבוּאָה כְּלָל. אֲבָל דְּאִיכָּא תְּבוּאָה – סָלְקָא לֵיהּ, וְלָא קָאָמְרִינַן מַכַּת מְדִינָה הִיא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara analyzes the mishna: This *tanna* **teaches** that the cases of **windblasts and mildew** are **similar to** the case where **the years** were **like the years of Elijah. Just as the years of Elijah** is referring to a time **when there was no produce at all, so too, here,** windblasts and mildew are referring to cases **when there was no produce at all. But** by inference, one can learn that if **there was** some **produce,** it **counts** toward **his** tally of years before he may repurchase his land, **and we do not say that it is a regional disaster.**


###### Bava Metzia 106a:10
[Bava Metzia 106a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:10)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: שָׁאנֵי הָתָם, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״בְּמִסְפַּר שְׁנֵי תְבוּאֹת יִמְכׇּר לָךְ״, שָׁנִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן תְּבוּאָה בָּעוֹלָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: There,** the case with regard to the sold field **is different, as the verse states** with regard to the sale and leasing of fields: **“According to the numbers of years of the crops he shall sell to you”** (Leviticus 25:15), which is referring to **years in which there is produce** harvested **in the world.**


###### Bava Metzia 106a:11
[Bava Metzia 106a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:11)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי לְרַב כָּהֲנָא: אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה שְׁבִיעִית תַּעֲלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן, דְּהָא אִיכָּא תְּבוּאָה בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁבִיעִית אַפְקַעְתָּא דְמַלְכָּא הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi said to Rav Kahana: If that is so,** the **Sabbatical** Year **should count for him** as part **of his tally** of years, **as** at least **there is produce outside of Eretz** Yisrael. Rav Kahana **said to him:** The **Sabbatical** Year **is an abrogation of the King,** i.e., God. Therefore, it should not be included in the number of the years before land is repurchased.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:12
[Bava Metzia 106a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:12)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָר זוּטְרָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב מָרִי לְרָבִינָא: אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, שְׁבִיעִית לֹא תַּעֲלֶה לוֹ מִן הַגֵּירוּעַ! אַלְּמָה תְּנַן: נוֹתֵן סֶלַע וּפוּנְדְּיוֹן לְשָׁנָה! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שָׁאנֵי הָתָם דְּחַזְיָא לְמִישְׁטַחא בַּהּ פֵּירֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Mar Zutra, son of Rav Mari, said to Ravina: If that is so,** that the Sabbatical Year is entirely disregarded, then in the case of one who consecrates his field and wants to redeem it, the **Sabbatical** Year **should not count for him for the deduction** of the price of the field when it is redeemed. **Why did we learn** in a mishna (*Arakhin* 25a) that the one who consecrated his field **gives a *sela* and a *pundeyon*** coin, which is worth 16 *perutot*, to the Temple treasury **for** each **year** remaining until the Jubilee Year, including the Sabbatical Year, in accordance with the payment prescribed by the Torah (see Leviticus 27:16–19)? The amount to be paid per year, which is fifty shekels divided by the years remaining until the Jubilee Year, should not take the upcoming Sabbatical Years into account. Ravina **said to him: There it is different, as it is suitable for laying out produce on it.** Although one may not plant the field during the Sabbatical Year, one may use it for other purposes.


###### Bava Metzia 106a:13
[Bava Metzia 106a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:13)

אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: לֹא שָׁנוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁזְּרָעָהּ וְצִמְּחָה וַאֲכָלָהּ חָגָב. אֲבָל לֹא זְרָעָהּ כְּלָל – לָא, דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִילּוּ זְרַעְתַּהּ הֲוָה מִקַּיַּים בִּי ״לֹא יֵבֹשׁוּ בְּעֵת רָעָה וּבִימֵי רְעָבוֹן יִשְׂבָּעוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Shmuel said: They taught** the *halakha* that if there is a regional disaster the cultivator subtracts from the produce he owes as part of his tenancy **only if** the tenant **planted** the field **and** it **sprouted and** then **grasshoppers consumed it,** or if he planted it with a different seed, **but** if **he did not plant it at all,** the tenant is **not** entitled to subtract from the amount he owes even if there was a regional disaster. This is **because** the owner can **say to him: Had you planted it,** perhaps my merit would have prevented the field from being affected by the epidemic, and the following verse **would have been fulfilled for me: “They will not be shamed in the time of evil, and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied”** (Psalms 37:19).


###### Bava Metzia 106a:14
[Bava Metzia 106a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:14)

מֵתִיב רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: רוֹעֶה שֶׁהָיָה רוֹעֶה וְהִנִּיחַ עֶדְרוֹ וּבָא לָעִיר, וּבָא זְאֵב וְטָרַף, וּבָא אֲרִי וְדָרַס – אֵין אוֹמְרִים: אִילּוּ הָיָה שָׁם הָיָה מַצִּיל, אֶלָּא אוֹמְדִין אוֹתוֹ אִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל – חַיָּיב, וְאִם לָאו – פָּטוּר. וְאַמַּאי? נֵימָא לֵיהּ: אִי הֲוֵית הָתָם הֲוָה מִקַּיַּים בִּי ״גַּם אֶת הָאֲרִי גַּם הַדּוֹב הִכָּה עַבְדֶּךָ״!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Sheshet raises an objection** from a *baraita*: In the case of **a shepherd who was herding** the animals of others, **and he left his flock and came to the town, and** in the meantime **a wolf came and tore** an animal to pieces, **or a lion came and trampled** one of the flock, **we do not say** definitively that **had he been there he would have rescued** them and therefore he is liable due to his absence. **Rather,** the court **estimates** with regard to **him: If he could** have **rescued** his animal by chasing a beast of this kind away, he is **liable,** as his departure from the scene was certainly a contributing factor to the damage. **If not,** he is **exempt** from liability. According to Shmuel’s opinion, **why** is the shepherd exempt from liability? **Let** the owner **say to him: Had you been there,** the following verse **would have been fulfilled for me: “Your servant smote both the lion and the bear”** (I Samuel 17:36).


###### Bava Metzia 106a:15
[Bava Metzia 106a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/106a:15)

מִשּׁוּם דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי הֲוֵית חֲזֵית לְאִיתְרְחוֹשֵׁי לָךְ נִיסָּא, הֲוָה (אִיתְרְחִישׁ) [מִיתְרְחִישׁ] לָךְ נִיסָּא כְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא דְּמֵתְיָין עִיזֵּי דּוּבֵּי בְּקַרְנַיְיהוּ. וְנֵימָא לֵיהּ: נְהִי דִּלְנִיסָּא רַבָּה לָא הֲוָה חֲזֵינָא – לְנִיסָּא זוּטָא

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: This is **because** the shepherd could **say to** the owner: **If you were worthy of a miracle occurring to you, a miracle would have** indeed **occurred to you as** it did to **Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa, when** his **goats brought bears** impaled **on their horns** without any assistance on the part of a shepherd (see *Ta’anit* 25a). The Gemara asks: **And let** the owner **say to him: Granted that I was not worthy of a great miracle,** but **of a small miracle**