## Bava Metzia Daf 109b

###### Bava Metzia 109b:1
[Bava Metzia 109b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:1)

וְסָפַר מָתָא – כּוּלָּן כְּמוּתְרִין וְעוֹמְדִין דָּמֵי. כְּלָלָא דְּמִילְּתָא: כֹּל פְּסֵידָא דְּלָא הָדַר – כְּמוּתְרִין וְעוֹמְדִין דָּמֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**and a town scribe** who drafts documents on behalf on the local residents, **all of these are considered forewarned.** Therefore, any loss incurred due to them is deducted from their wages, and they are fined without the need for prior warning. **The principle of** this **matter** is: With regard to **any loss that is not recoverable they are considered forewarned.**


###### Bava Metzia 109b:2
[Bava Metzia 109b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:2)

הָהוּא שַׁתָּלָא, דַּאֲמַר לְהוּ: הַבוּ לִי שְׁבָחַאי דְּבָעֵינָא לְמִיסַּק לְאַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל. אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב פָּפָּא בַּר שְׁמוּאֵל. אֲמַר לְהוּ: הַבוּ לֵיהּ שְׁבָחֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: אִיהוּ אַשְׁבַּח, אַרְעָא לָא אַשְׁבַּח! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲנָא פַּלְגָא דִּשְׁבָחָא קָאָמֵינָא לָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: עַד הָאִידָּנָא הֲוָה שָׁקֵיל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת פַּלְגָא וְשַׁתָּלָא פַּלְגָא. הַשְׁתָּא בָּעֵי לְמִיתַּב מְנָתָא לַאֲרִיסָא! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: רִיבְעָא דִשְׁבָחָא קָאָמֵינָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara relates: There was **a certain planter who said to** the owner of the field: **Give me** the value of **my enhancement because I wish to ascend to Eretz Yisrael.** The owner **came** for a ruling **before Rav Pappa bar Shmuel,** who **said to him: Give** the planter **the value of his enhancement. Rava said to** Rav Pappa bar Shmuel: Did **he** alone **enhance** the field, while **the land did not enhance it?** He cannot be credited with all the improvement. Rav Pappa bar Shmuel **said to** Rava: **I am telling you** that he is entitled to **half** the value of **the enhancement.** Rava **said to him: Until now the owner of the land would take half and the planter** would take **half,** while the planter would work the field. **Now** the owner **also needs to give a portion to the sharecropper,** so that the sharecropper will continue working the field. Rav Pappa bar Shmuel **said to him: I am telling you** to give him **one-quarter of** the value of **the enhancement,** half of the sum to which he is entitled.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:3
[Bava Metzia 109b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:3)

סְבַר רַב אָשֵׁי לְמֵימַר ״רִיבְעָא״ דְּהוּא דַּנְקָא. דְּאָמַר רַב מִנְיוֹמֵי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נְחוּמִי: בְּאַתְרָא דְּשָׁקֵיל שַׁתָּלָא פַּלְגָא וַאֲרִיסָא תִּילְתָּא, הַאי שַׁתָּלָא דְּבָעֵי לְאִסְתַּלּוֹקֵי – יָהֲבִינַן לֵיהּ שְׁבָחָא וּמְסַלְּקִינַן לֵיהּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלָא נִמְטְיֵיהּ הֶפְסֵד לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi thought to say** that when he referred to one-quarter he meant **one-quarter that is one-sixth,** i.e., one-quarter of the sum due to the owner, as the sum due to the owner is two-thirds of the entire yield. This payment would therefore amount to one-sixth of the total. **As Rav Minyumi, son of Rav Naḥumi, said: In a location where the planter takes half** the fruit **and the sharecropper** takes **one-third, with regard to a planter who wants to leave, we give him** his share of the value of **the enhancement and remove him** in such a manner **so that the homeowner should suffer no loss.**


###### Bava Metzia 109b:4
[Bava Metzia 109b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:4)

אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא רִיבְעָא דְּהוּא דַּנְקָא – שַׁפִּיר, אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ רִיבְעָא מַמָּשׁ, קָא מָטֵי לֵיהּ פְּסֵידָא לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת פַּלְגָא דַּנְקָא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Granted, if you say** that he meant **one-quarter that is one-sixth,** this is **well** and the calculations are in order, **but if you say** he referred to **an actual quarter, the homeowner suffers the loss of half of one-sixth.** This is because if the owner had paid the planter initially he would have given him only one-half, whereas now he must give the planter one-quarter and the sharecropper one-third. He thereby pays an extra twelfth.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:5
[Bava Metzia 109b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:5)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יוֹסֵף לְרַב אָשֵׁי, וְלֵימָא לֵיהּ: אַנְתְּ מְנָתָא דִּילָךְ – הַב לֵיהּ לַאֲרִיסָא, וַאֲנָא מְנָתָא דִּילִי מַאי דְּבָעֵינָא עָבֵידְנָא בֵּיהּ. אָמַר: כִּי מָטֵית לִשְׁחִיטַת קֳדָשִׁים, תָּא וְאַקְשִׁי לִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Yosef, said to Rav Ashi: Let** the planter **say to** the owner: **You give your portion to the sharecropper, and I will do what I wish with my portion.** I performed my half of the work properly, so why should I suffer a loss because you want to pay the sharecropper? Rav Ashi **said** to him: **When you reach** the tractate of: **The slaughter of sacrificial** animals, i.e., tractate *Zevaḥim*, **come and ask** this difficulty **to me.** In other words, your question is a good one, worthy of a difficult tractate full of complex reasoning such as *Zevaḥim*.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:6
[Bava Metzia 109b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:6)

גּוּפָא, אָמַר רַב מִנְיוֹמֵי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נְחוּמִי: בְּאַתְרָא דְּשָׁקֵיל שַׁתָּלָא פַּלְגָא וַאֲרִיסָא תִּילְתָּא, הַאי שַׁתָּלָא דְּבָעֵי אִיסְתַּלּוֹקֵי – יָהֲבִינַן לֵיהּ שְׁבָחֵיהּ וּמְסַלְּקִינַן לֵיהּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלָא לִיפְסוֹד בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. אָמַר רַב מִנְיוֹמֵי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נְחוּמִי: קוֹפָא סָבָא – פַּלְגָא. שַׁטְפַהּ נַהֲרָא – רִיבְעָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **the** matter **itself, Rav Minyumi, son of Rav Naḥumi, said: In a location where the planter takes half** the fruit **and the sharecropper one-third,** with regard to **a planter who wants to leave, we give him** his share of the value of **the enhancement and remove him** in such a manner **so that the homeowner should suffer no loss. Rav Minyumi, son of Rav Naḥumi,** further **said:** With regard to **an old vine** in a vineyard, the planter receives **half.** Although he did not plant the vine, since he was placed in charge of the entire vineyard, he receives a portion of that which was there before. If **a river flooded** the vineyard and the owner and the planter come to divide the trees that fell down, the planter receives **one-quarter.**


###### Bava Metzia 109b:7
[Bava Metzia 109b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:7)

הָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּמַשְׁכֵּין פַּרְדֵּיסָא לְחַבְרֵיהּ לַעֲשַׂר שְׁנִין, וְקַשׁ לַחֲמֵשׁ שְׁנִין. אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: פֵּירָא הָוֵי. רָבָא אָמַר: קַרְנָא הָוֵי, וְיִלָּקַח בּוֹ קַרְקַע, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara relates: There was **a certain man who mortgaged an orchard to another,** i.e., the creditor, **for ten years** in order that the latter should use the profits gained from the orchard as repayment of the debt. **But** the orchard **aged after five years** and no longer produced quality fruit. Consequently, the only way to proceed was to cut down its trees and sell them as wood. **Abaye said:** This wood **is** considered as **produce** of the orchard, and therefore the creditor is entitled to cut them down and sell them. **Rava said:** The wood **is** classified as **principal** and is therefore viewed as part of the orchard itself. Consequently, the creditor has no rights to the wood itself, **but** other **land** is **purchased with** the profits from the sale of the wood **and** the creditor **consumes the produce** of that land until the debt is repaid.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:8
[Bava Metzia 109b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:8)

מֵיתִיבִי: יָבַשׁ הָאִילָן אוֹ נִקְצַץ, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים בּוֹ. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשׂוּ? יִמָּכְרוּ לְעֵצִים, וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת. מַאי לָאו, יָבַשׁ דּוּמְיָא דְּנִקְצַץ: מָה נִקְצַץ בִּזְמַנּוֹ, אַף יָבַשׁ בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְקָתָנֵי: יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת. אַלְמָא קַרְנָא הָוֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** against this from a *baraita* that discusses the *halakhot* of a mortgage: If **the tree dried up or was chopped down,** it is **forbidden** for **both** the creditor and the debtor to take **it** for themselves. **How** should **they proceed?** It **is sold for wood, and land should be purchased with** the proceeds, **and he,** i.e., the creditor, **consumes the produce** from that land. The Gemara clarifies: **What, is it not** referring to **a dry** tree that is **similar** to one **that was chopped down,** in that **just as** the tree **was chopped down at its** proper **time, so too,** the tree **dried at its** proper **time? And** yet the *tanna* **teaches** that **land should be purchased with** the money **and** the creditor **consumes the produce. Apparently,** the wood **is** considered part of the **principal,** not the profits. This supports Rava’s opinion and presents a difficulty to Abaye.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:9
[Bava Metzia 109b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:9)

לָא: נִקְצַץ דּוּמְיָא דְּיָבַשׁ, מָה יָבַשׁ בְּלֹא זְמַנּוֹ – אַף נִקְצַץ בְּלֹא זְמַנּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this argument: **No,** the **chopped-down** tree mentioned in the *baraita* is **similar to** the **dry** one: **Just as** that tree **dried up before its time, so too,** this one **was chopped down before its time.** Since this did not occur naturally, the wood is classified as produce; had the orchard dried up at the expected time, its trees would be considered as part of the land.


###### Bava Metzia 109b:10
[Bava Metzia 109b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/109b:10)

תָּא שְׁמַע: נָפְלוּ לָהּ גְּפָנִים וְזֵיתִים זְקֵנִים –

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a proof to Rava’s opinion from a mishna (*Ketubot* 79b): If a woman after her marriage had **old vines and olive** trees that were **bequeathed to her** by means of inheritance,