## Bava Metzia Daf 40b

###### Bava Metzia 40b:1
[Bava Metzia 40b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:1)

דַּל תְּלָתִין וְשִׁיתָּא בְּשִׁיתָּא, פָּשׁוּ לֵיהּ תְּרֵיסַר. דַּל תְּמָנְיָא שְׁתוּתֵי, פָּשׁוּ לְהוּ אַרְבְּעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara now analyzes Rav Yehuda’s calculation: **Subtract thirty-six** pitchersful that were sold **for six** dinars **each,** with which he recoups the purchase price of the barrel. **Twelve** pitchersful **remained for him. Subtract eight** pitchers full, which is **one-sixth** of the total amount, as that is the measure absorbed in the barrels. **Four** pitchersful **remained** as profit for Rav Yehuda.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:2
[Bava Metzia 40b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:2)

וְהָאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר אַל יִשְׂתַּכֵּר יוֹתֵר עַל שְׁתוּת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But doesn’t Shmuel say** that **one who profits** from the sale of matters related to one’s existence **may not profit more than one-sixth?** One can infer that it is permitted for one to profit up to one-sixth. But according to the calculation, Rav Yehuda’s profit was much lower. Why did he not sell the oil at a higher price?


###### Bava Metzia 40b:3
[Bava Metzia 40b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:3)

אִיכָּא גּוּלְפֵי וּשְׁמָרַיָּא. אִי הָכִי נְפִישׁ לֵיהּ טְפֵי מִשְּׁתוּת? אִיכָּא טִרְחֵיהּ וּדְמֵי בַּרְזַנְיָיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **There are the barrel and the sediment** to account for. These remain in his possession, as he purchased the barrel and all its contents for six dinars, and they supplement the profit. The Gemara challenges: **If so,** once the barrel and sediment are taken into account, the profit **is greater than one-sixth.** How did Rav Yehuda profit beyond the permitted amount? The Gemara answers: **There is** the payment for **his exertion,** as he sold the oil, **and** there is the **payment for tapping,** as a craftsman is needed to install a tap in the barrel. When those payments are included in the calculation, the profit is precisely one-sixth.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:4
[Bava Metzia 40b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:4)

אִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן מְזוּקָּק אֵינוֹ יוֹצִיא לוֹ שְׁמָרִים וְכוּ׳. וְהָא אִי אֶפְשָׁר דְּלָא בָּלַע! אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: בִּמְזוּפָּפִין שָׁנוּ. אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְזוּפָּפִין, כֵּיוָן דִּטְעוּן – טְעוּן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches: **If it was refined oil, he does not deduct** any of the oil **for sediment.** If they were stored in old casks that are already saturated, he does not deduct any of the oil for absorption. The Gemara asks: **But isn’t it impossible that** the cask **did not absorb** any oil at all, even if it was saturated? **Rav Naḥman says:** It is **with regard to** casks **coated with pitch** that the *tanna’im* **taught** the mishna, and if the cask is old and coated with pitch it does not absorb anything. **Abaye said: Even if you say that** the mishna is **not** referring to casks **coated with pitch, once they are saturated they are saturated,** and no more oil is absorbed.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:5
[Bava Metzia 40b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:5)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁמֶן מְזוּקָּק לַחֲבֵירוֹ כׇּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שְׁמָרִים לְמֵאָה. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: כְּשֶׁתִּמְצָא לוֹמַר, לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מוּתָּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים, לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים אָסוּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that **Rabbi Yehuda says: Even** in the case of **one who sells refined oil to another all the days of the year, this** buyer **accepts upon himself** that the seller will deduct **a *log* and a half of sediment for one hundred** *log*, as that is the standard measure of sediment. **Abaye said: When** you analyze the matter, **you will find** it necessary **to say** that **according to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda,** it is **permitted to mix sediment** that settled at the bottom of the barrel with the clear oil and sell the mixture. **And according to the statement of the Rabbis,** it is **prohibited to mix sediment** with the clear oil.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:6
[Bava Metzia 40b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:6)

לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מוּתָּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים, וְהַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דִּמְקַבֵּל, דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי בְּעַי לְעָרוֹבֵי לָךְ – מִי לָא עָרֵבִי לָךְ? הַשְׁתָּא נָמֵי קַבֵּיל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates. **According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda,** it is **permitted to mix sediment, and that is the reason that** the buyer **accepts** upon himself that the seller will deduct a *log* and a half of sediment for one hundred *log*, **as** the seller **says to him: If I wished to mix** sediment and sell it **to you, couldn’t I mix** it and sell it **to you? Now too, accept** upon yourself the deduction due to sediment.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:7
[Bava Metzia 40b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:7)

וְלֵימָא לֵיהּ: אִי עָרֵבְתְּ לֵיהּ – הֲוָה מִזְדַּבַּן לִי, הַשְׁתָּא מַאי אֶעֱבֵיד לֵיהּ? לְחוֹדֵיהּ לָא מִזְדַּבַּן לִי! בְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת עָסְקִינַן – דְּנִיחָא לֵיהּ בְּצִילָא. וְלֵימָא לֵיהּ: מִדְּלָא עָרֵבִית לִי – אַחוֹלֵי אַחֵלְתְּ לִי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let** the buyer **say to him: If you had mixed** sediment **into** the oil, **it** could **have been sold for me** to another. **Now what will I do with it?** The sediment **cannot be sold on its own,** and I will suffer a loss. The Gemara answers: **We are dealing with** a buyer who is **a homeowner,** not a merchant. He needs oil for his own use, **and filtered** oil **is preferable for him,** as his use of the oil is facilitated by removal of the sediment. The Gemara asks: **And let** the buyer **say to him: From** the fact **that you did not mix** the sediment with the oil **for me,** it is an indication that **you renounced** your rights to **it to me.**


###### Bava Metzia 40b:8
[Bava Metzia 40b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:8)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּלֵית לֵיהּ מְחִילָה. דִּתְנַן: מָכַר לוֹ אֶת הַצֶּמֶד – לֹא מָכַר לוֹ אֶת הַבָּקָר. מָכַר לוֹ אֶת הַבָּקָר – לֹא מָכַר לוֹ אֶת הַצֶּמֶד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Rabbi Yehuda** conforms **to his** standard line of **reasoning, as he is not** of the opinion that one can presume **renunciation,** and therefore the buyer cannot presume that the seller renounced his right to receive the standard price, **as we learned** in a mishna (*Bava Batra* 77b): If **one sold the yoke [*tzemed*] to** another, **he did not sell the cattle to him.** Literally, *tzemed* means the yoke that holds the animals together [*tzamud*] while plowing. It can be understood as referring to the two animals held together by the yoke. If **one sold the cattle to** another, **he did not sell the yoke to him.** The sale is limited to the literal meaning of what he said.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:9
[Bava Metzia 40b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:9)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הַדָּמִים מוֹדִיעִין. כֵּיצַד? אָמַר לוֹ: מְכוֹר לִי צִמְדְּךָ בְּמָאתַיִם זוּז – הַדָּבָר יָדוּעַ שֶׁאֵין הַצֶּמֶד בְּמָאתַיִים זוּז. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵין הַדָּמִים רְאָיָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **Rabbi Yehuda says: The money informs** the scope of the sale. Based on the price, one can determine what is included in the sale. **How so?** If the buyer **said to** the seller: **Sell me your *tzemed* for two hundred dinars, the matter is well-known that a yoke** does **not** cost **two hundred dinars,** and he certainly meant the cattle. **And the Rabbis say: The money is not a proof,** as it is possible that one of the parties renounced part of the sale price.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:10
[Bava Metzia 40b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:10)

לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים אָסוּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים, וְהַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּלָא מְקַבֵּל – דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי בָּעֵית לְעָרוֹבֵי מִי הֲוָה שְׁרֵי לָךְ? הַשְׁתָּא נָמֵי לָא מְקַבֵּילְנָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara concludes its elaboration of the statement of Abaye: **According to the statement of the Rabbis,** it is **prohibited to mix sediment, and this is the reason** that the buyer **does not accept** that the seller deduct a *log* and a half of sediment for one hundred *log*, **as** the buyer **says to him: If you wished to mix** sediment and sell it, **would it be permitted for you** to do so? **Now too, I do not accept** that deduction.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:11
[Bava Metzia 40b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:11)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְאַבָּיֵי: אַדְּרַבָּה, אִיפְּכָא מִסְתַּבְּרָא! לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים מוּתָּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים, וְהַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּלָא מְקַבֵּל – דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִדְּלָא עָרֵבְתְּ לִי, אַחוֹלֵי אַחֵלְיתְּ לִי. לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָסוּר לְעָרֵב שְׁמָרִים, וְהַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דִּמְקַבֵּל – דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִי בְּעַי לְעָרוֹבֵי – לָא שְׁרֵי לִי לְעָרוֹבֵי לָךְ, קַבּוֹלֵי לָא מְקַבְּלַתְּ. זְבוֹן וְזַבֵּין תַּגָּרָא אִיקְּרִי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said to Abaye: On the contrary, the opposite is reasonable. According to the statement of the Rabbis,** it is **permitted to mix sediment. And this is the reason** that the buyer **does not accept** the deduction, **as** the buyer **said to** the seller: **From** the fact **that you did not mix** the sediment **for me,** apparently **you renounced** that sum **to me. According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda,** it is **prohibited to mix sediment. And this is the reason** that the buyer **accepts** the deduction, **as** the seller **says to him: If I wished to mix** sediment, **it is prohibited for me to mix** it **for you,** and if you **do not accept** the deduction, I earn nothing from this sale. That is unacceptable according to the maxim: One who **buys and sells** at the same price, is **he called a merchant?**


###### Bava Metzia 40b:12
[Bava Metzia 40b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:12)

תַּנָּא: אֶחָד הַלּוֹקֵחַ וְאֶחָד הַמַּפְקִיד לִפְקָטִים. מַאי לִפְקָטִים? אִילֵימָא כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלוֹקֵחַ לָא מְקַבֵּל פְּקָטִים, מַפְקִיד נָמֵי לָא מְקַבֵּל פְּקָטִים – וְלֵימָא לֵיהּ: פְּקָטָךְ מַאי אֶיעְבֵּיד לְהוּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It is **taught:** The legal status of **both one who buys and one who deposits** oil with regard **to residue [*piktim*],** e.g., olive pits floating on the oil, is the same. The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of: With regard **to residue? If we say that** this is teaching: **Just as the buyer does not accept** upon himself a deduction in the quantity of oil to account for the **residue,** so **too, the one who deposits** the oil **does not accept** upon himself a deduction in the quantity of oil to account for the **residue** when he returns the oil and is required to return the full amount deposited with him, this is difficult. **But let** the bailee **say to** the owner: **What shall I do with your residue?**


###### Bava Metzia 40b:13
[Bava Metzia 40b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:13)

אֶלָּא כִּי הֵיכִי דְּמַפְקִיד מְקַבֵּל פְּקָטִים, לוֹקֵחַ נָמֵי מְקַבֵּל פְּקָטִים. וּמִי מְקַבֵּל לוֹקֵחַ פְּקָטִים? וְהָתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לֹא אָמְרוּ שֶׁמֶן עָכוּר אֶלָּא לַמּוֹכֵר בִּלְבָד, שֶׁהֲרֵי לוֹקֵחַ מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שְׁמָרִים, בְּלֹא פְּקָטִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** it is teaching: **Just as the one who deposits** the oil **accepts the residue** when his oil is returned to him, so **too, the buyer accepts the residue** with the oil he purchases. The Gemara asks: **And does the buyer accept** upon himself a deduction for **residue? But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehuda says:** The Sages **stated** that the loss for **murky oil** is **only for the seller, as the buyer accepts upon himself** a deduction for **a *log* and a half of sediment without residue?**


###### Bava Metzia 40b:14
[Bava Metzia 40b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:14)

לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא דְּיָהֵיב לֵיהּ זוּזֵי בְּתִשְׁרִי וְקָא שָׁקֵיל מִינֵּיהּ בְּנִיסָן, כִּי מִדָּה דְתִשְׁרִי. הָא דְּיָהֵיב לֵיהּ זוּזֵי בְּנִיסָן וְקָא שָׁקֵיל מִינֵּיהּ בְּנִיסָן, כִּי מִדָּה דְנִיסָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult, as this** *baraita*, in which it is taught that the buyer accepts residue, is referring to a case **where** the buyer **gave the seller money in Tishrei,** when olives are harvested, **and he takes** the oil **from him in Nisan according to** the **measure of Tishrei.** In Tishrei, due to the substantial supply, the price is lower, and immediately after the harvest the oil is murky. **That** *baraita*, in which it is taught that the loss for murky oil is only for the seller, is referring to a case **where** the buyer **gave the seller money in Nisan, and he takes** the oil **from him in Nisan according to** the **measure** of **Nisan,** as in Nisan both the buyer and the seller assume that the oil is refined.


###### Bava Metzia 40b:15
[Bava Metzia 40b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:15)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַמַּפְקִיד חָבִית אֵצֶל חֲבֵירוֹ וְלֹא יִחֲדוּ לָהּ בְּעָלִים מָקוֹם, וְטִלְטְלָהּ וְנִשְׁתַּבְּרָה – אִם מִתּוֹךְ יָדוֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה, לְצוֹרְכּוֹ – חַיָּיב, לְצוֹרְכָּהּ – פָּטוּר. אִם מִשֶּׁהִנִּיחָהּ נִשְׁבְּרָה, בֵּין לְצוֹרְכּוֹ בֵּין לְצוֹרְכָּהּ – פָּטוּר. יִחֲדוּ לָהּ הַבְּעָלִים מָקוֹם, וְטִלְטְלָהּ וְנִשְׁבְּרָה – בֵּין מִתּוֹךְ יָדוֹ וּבֵין מִשֶּׁהִנִּיחָהּ, לְצוֹרְכּוֹ – חַיָּיב, לְצוֹרְכָּהּ – פָּטוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **one who deposits a barrel with another, and the owners did not designate** a specific **place for** the barrel to be stored in the bailee’s house, and the bailee **moved it and it broke, if it broke while** still **in his hand,** there is a distinction: If he moved the barrel **for his purposes,** he is **liable** to pay for the damage. If he moved the barrel **for its** own **purposes,** to prevent it from being damaged, he is **exempt. If, after he replaced** the barrel **it broke, whether** he initially moved it **for his purposes** or **whether** he moved it **for its** own **purposes,** he is **exempt.** But if **the owners designated** a specific **place for** the barrel, **and** the bailee **moved it and it broke, whether** it broke **while** still **in his hand or whether** it broke **after he replaced** the barrel, if he moved it **for his purposes** he is **liable** to pay, and if he moved it **for its** own **purposes,** he is **exempt.**


###### Bava Metzia 40b:16
[Bava Metzia 40b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/40b:16)

**גְּמָ׳** הָא מַנִּי? רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל הִיא, דְּאָמַר: לָא בָּעִינַן דַּעַת בְּעָלִים. דְּתַנְיָא: הַגּוֹנֵב טָלֶה מִן הָעֵדֶר וְסֶלַע מִן הַכִּיס – לִמְקוֹם שֶׁגָּנַב יַחְזִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** In accordance with **whose** opinion **is this** mishna? **It is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yishmael, who says:** When a thief returns an item that he stole, **we do not require the knowledge of the owner** for the item to be considered returned, **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: In a case of **one who steals a lamb from the flock or a *sela* from the purse, he should return it to the place from which he stole** it, and it is unnecessary to inform the owner; this is **the statement of Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Akiva says:**