## Bava Metzia Daf 43a

###### Bava Metzia 43a:1
[Bava Metzia 43a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:1)

וּמְשַׁלֵּם לֵיהּ דְּמֵי כִּיסֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And he pays him the value of** the hops mixed with **thorns** according to his profit.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:2
[Bava Metzia 43a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:2)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַמַּפְקִיד מָעוֹת אֵצֶל שׁוּלְחָנִי, אִם צְרוּרִין – לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָבְדוּ אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן. מוּתָּרִין – יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָבְדוּ חַיָּיב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן. אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, בֵּין צְרוּרִין וּבֵין מוּתָּרִין – לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָבְדוּ אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן. חֶנְוָנִי כְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: חֶנְוָנִי כַּשּׁוּלְחָנִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In the case of **one who deposits money with a money changer, if** the money **is bound,** the money changer **may not use it. Therefore, if it is lost he does not bear responsibility for it.** If the money **was unbound,** the money changer **may use it. Therefore, if it is lost he bears responsibility for it.** If he deposited money **with a homeowner, whether** it **is bound or whether** it **is unbound,** the homeowner **may not use it,** as it never entered the mind of the depositor that the homeowner might use the money. **Therefore, if** the homeowner **lost** the money, **he does not bear responsibility for it.** If the bailee is **a storekeeper,** his status **is like** that of **a homeowner;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says:** If the bailee is **a storekeeper,** his status **is like** that of **a money changer.**


###### Bava Metzia 43a:3
[Bava Metzia 43a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:3)

**גְּמָ׳** מִשּׁוּם דִּצְרוּרִין לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן? אָמַר רַב אַסִּי אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: בִּצְרוּרִין וַחֲתוּמִין שָׁנוּ. רַב מָרִי אָמַר: בְּקֶשֶׁר מְשׁוּנֶּה. אִיכָּא דְאָמְרִי, בָּעֵי רַב מָרִי: קֶשֶׁר מְשׁוּנֶּה מַאי? תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: Why is it that **due to** the fact **that** the money **is bound** the money changer **may not use it?** Don’t people typically bind their money? Binding is no indication that the intent of the one who deposited the money is that it not be used. **Rav Asi said** that **Rav Yehuda said:** It is in a case **where** the money is **bound and sealed,** a clear indication that he does not want the bundle to be opened, that the mishna **is taught. Rav Mari says:** It is in a case where the money is bound **with an atypical knot,** also indicating that he does not want the bundle to be opened. **There are** those **who say** that there is a variant reading: **Rav Mari raises a dilemma: What** is the legal status of money bound **with an atypical knot?** Is it like that of money that is sealed or not? The Gemara concludes: The dilemma **shall stand** unresolved.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:4
[Bava Metzia 43a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:4)

מוּתָּרִין יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן כּוּ׳. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: וַאֲפִילּוּ נֶאֶנְסוּ. וְהָא ״אָבְדוּ״ קָתָנֵי! כִּדְרַבָּה דְּאָמַר רַבָּה: ״נִגְנְבוּ״ – בְּלִסְטֵיס מְזוּיָּין, ״אָבְדוּ״ – שֶׁטָּבְעָה סְפִינָתוֹ בַּיָּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that if the money is **unbound** the money changer **may use it,** and therefore he bears responsibility if it is lost. **Rav Huna says: And even if it was** taken from him under **circumstances beyond his control** he is liable to pay. The Gemara asks: **But isn’t it taught** in the mishna: **It is lost,** from which it may be inferred that only if the money was lost does he bear responsibility, but not if it was taken by force? The Gemara answers: This must be understood **in accordance with** that **which Rabba** stated in a different context, **as Rabba says: They were stolen;** this is referring to a case where the items were stolen by force **by armed bandits. They were lost;** this is referring to a case where **his ship sunk at sea.**


###### Bava Metzia 43a:5
[Bava Metzia 43a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:5)

וְרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: נֶאֶנְסוּ לָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב נַחְמָן: לְדִידָךְ דְּאָמְרַתְּ נֶאֶנְסוּ לָא, אַלְמָא לָא הָוֵי שׁוֹאֵל עֲלַיְיהוּ, אִי שׁוֹאֵל לָא הָוֵי שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר נָמֵי לָא הָוֵי! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּהָא מוֹדֵינָא לָךְ, דְּהוֹאִיל וְנֶהֱנָה מַהֲנֶה, בְּהָהוּא הֲנָאָה דְּאִי מִיתְרְמֵי לֵיהּ זְבִינָא דְּאִית בֵּהּ רַוְוחָא זָבֵן בְּהוּ, הָוֵי עֲלַיְיהוּ שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rav Naḥman says:** If **it was** taken from him under **circumstances beyond his control,** he is **not** liable to pay. **Rava said to Rav Naḥman: According to your** opinion, **that you said** if **it was** taken from him due to **circumstances beyond his control,** he is **not** liable to pay; **apparently,** the money changer **is not** considered **a borrower with regard to** the money. **If he is not a borrower, he is not a paid bailee either.** Why, then, does he bear responsibility for the money if it is lost? His status should be that of an unpaid bailee, and he should be exempt. Rav Naḥman **said to him: In this** case, **I concede** that he is a paid bailee, **since he benefits** from the money. It is **with the benefit** the money changer derives, based on the fact **that if a profitable purchase** would **happen** to present itself **to him** he can **purchase** it **with** the deposited money, that **he is** considered **a paid bailee with regard to** the money.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:6
[Bava Metzia 43a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:6)

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן לְרַב הוּנָא: הַמַּפְקִיד מָעוֹת אֵצֶל שׁוּלְחָנִי, אִם צְרוּרִין – לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ אִם הוֹצִיא – לֹא מָעַל הַגִּזְבָּר. וְאִם מוּתָּרִין – יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ אִם הוֹצִיא – מָעַל הַגִּזְבָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman raised an objection to** the opinion of **Rav Huna** from a mishna (*Me’ila* 21b): With regard to the Temple treasurer **who deposits money with a money changer, if** the money **is bound,** the money changer **may not use it. Therefore, if he spent** the money, the Temple **treasurer** is **not** liable for **misuse** of Temple property because the money changer is liable. If the money **was unbound,** the money changer **may use it. Therefore, if** the money changer **spent** the money, the Temple **treasurer** is liable for **misuse** of Temple property, as the money changer serves as an agent for the treasurer.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:7
[Bava Metzia 43a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:7)

וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ אֲפִילּוּ נֶאֶנְסוּ, מַאי אִירְיָא הוֹצִיא? אֲפִילּוּ לֹא הוֹצִיא נָמֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman explains his objection: **And if you say** that **even if** the money **was** taken from the money changer under **circumstances beyond his control,** he bears responsibility for the money, **why** did the *tanna* **specifically** teach that the Temple treasurer bears responsibility if the money changer **spent** the money? **Even if he did not spend** the money the treasurer should bear responsibility. Since the Temple treasurer gave him unbound money, it is tantamount to a loan. The treasurer should be liable for misappropriation at the moment that he gave unbound money to the money changer.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:8
[Bava Metzia 43a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוּא הַדִּין אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא הוֹצִיא, וְאַיְּידֵי דִּתְנָא רֵישָׁא ״הוֹצִיא״, תְּנָא סֵיפָא נָמֵי ״הוֹצִיא״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Huna **said to him: The same is true even if he did not spend** the money, and the treasurer is liable the moment he gives the money to the money changer. **And since** the *tanna* **taught in the first clause** of the mishna that the money changer is liable if **he spent** the money, the *tanna* **taught in the latter clause** of the mishna **as well** that the treasurer is liable if **he spent** the money, although he is liable even if he did not spend the money.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:9
[Bava Metzia 43a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:9)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ יָד בְּפִקָּדוֹן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: יִלְקֶה בְּחָסֵר וּבְיָתֵר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: כִּשְׁעַת הוֹצָאָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: כִּשְׁעַת הַתְּבִיעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to **one who misappropriates a deposit, Beit Shammai say: He is penalized for** its **decrease and** its **increase.** If the value of the deposit decreases, the bailee is liable to pay in accordance with its value at the time of the misappropriation. If it increases in value, he is liable to pay in accordance with its value at the time of repayment. **And Beit Hillel say:** He pays **in accordance with** its value at **the time of removal. Rabbi Akiva says:** He pays **in accordance with** its value at **the time of the claim.**


###### Bava Metzia 43a:10
[Bava Metzia 43a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:10)

**גְּמָ׳** אָמַר רַבָּה: הַאי מַאן דִּגְזַל חָבִיתָא דְחַמְרָא מֵחַבְרֵיהּ, מֵעִיקָּרָא שָׁוְיָא זוּזָא, הַשְׁתָּא שָׁוְיָא אַרְבְּעָה. תַּבְרַהּ אוֹ שַׁתְיַיהּ – מְשַׁלֵּם אַרְבְּעָה, אִיתְּבַר מִמֵּילָא – מְשַׁלֵּם זוּזָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **Rabba says:** In a case of **this one who robbed another of a barrel of wine,** where **initially it was worth** one **dinar** and **now it is worth four** dinars; if the robber **broke** the barrel **or drank** the wine, **he pays four** dinars. If **it broke by itself, he pays** one **dinar.**


###### Bava Metzia 43a:11
[Bava Metzia 43a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:11)

מַאי טַעְמָא? כֵּיוָן דְּאִי אִיתַהּ הָדְרָא לְמָרַהּ בְּעֵינָא, הָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא דְּקָא שָׁתֵי לַיהּ אוֹ דְּקָא תָּבַר לַהּ, קָא גָזֵל מִינֵּיהּ, וּתְנַן: כׇּל הַגַּזְלָנִין מְשַׁלְּמִין כִּשְׁעַת הַגְּזֵילָה. אִיתְּבַר מִמֵּילָא מְשַׁלֵּם זוּזָא. מַאי טַעְמָא? הַשְׁתָּא לָא עָבֵיד לַהּ וְלָא מִידֵּי, אַמַּאי קָא מְחַיְּיבַתְּ לֵיהּ? אַהָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא דְּגַזְלַהּ, הָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא זוּזָא הוּא דְּשָׁוְיָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **What is the reason** for the difference? **Since if** the barrel **were** intact, **it would return to its owner in its** original **state** and there would be no need to calculate its price, **that moment that he drank it or that he broke it** is the moment that **he stole from** the owner of the wine. **And we learned** in a mishna (*Bava Kamma* 93b): **All robbers pay in accordance with** the value of the stolen item **at the moment of the robbery.** Here, that is four dinars. If the barrel **broke by itself,** the robber **pays** one **dinar. What is the reason** for this? **He did not do anything to** the barrel **now. Why do you deem him liable** to pay? Because **of that moment** that **he robbed** the other of **it.** At **that moment, it was worth only** one **dinar.**


###### Bava Metzia 43a:12
[Bava Metzia 43a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:12)

תְּנַן: בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים כִּשְׁעַת הוֹצָאָה. מַאי כִּשְׁעַת הוֹצָאָה? אִילֵימָא כִּשְׁעַת הוֹצָאָה מִן הָעוֹלָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**We learned** in the mishna that **Beit Hillel say:** One who misappropriates a deposit pays **in accordance with** its value at **the time of removal.** The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of: **In accordance with** its value at **the time of removal? If we say** it means **in accordance with** its value at **the time of** its **removal from the world,** when he drank the wine or broke the barrel, that is difficult.


###### Bava Metzia 43a:13
[Bava Metzia 43a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/43a:13)

וּבְמַאי? אִי בְּחָסֵר, מִי אִיכָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר? וְהָא תְּנַן: כׇּל הַגַּזְלָנִין מְשַׁלְּמִין כִּשְׁעַת הַגְּזֵילָה! וְאִי בְּיָתֵר – הַיְינוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies the difficulty: **And with regard to what** case is this referring? **If** it is **with regard to** a case where there was **a decrease** in value before its removal, **is there anyone who says** that the bailee pays the lower price? **But didn’t we learn** in a mishna: **All robbers pay in accordance with** the value of the stolen item at **the moment of the robbery,** and no less than that? **And if** it is **with regard to** a case where there was **an increase** in value before its removal, **that is** the opinion of **Beit Shammai,** as the one who misappropriates a deposit always pays the higher value, not the opinion of Beit Hillel.