## Bava Metzia Daf 48a

###### Bava Metzia 48a:1
[Bava Metzia 48a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:1)

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ טַלִּית קוֹנָה דִּינַר זָהָב וְאֵין דִּינַר זָהָב קוֹנֶה טַלִּית, מִכׇּל מָקוֹם כָּךְ הֲלָכָה. אֲבָל אָמְרוּ: מִי שֶׁפָּרַע מֵאַנְשֵׁי דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל וּמֵאַנְשֵׁי דּוֹר הַפְּלַגָּה וּמֵאַנְשֵׁי סְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וּמִמִּצְרַיִם בַּיָּם – הוּא עָתִיד לִיפָּרַע מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד בְּדִיבּוּרוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Shimon says: Even though** the Sages **said** that when one party takes possession of **a garment,** the other party **acquires a gold dinar, but** when one party takes possession of **a gold dinar,** the other party **does not acquire a garment, in any case, that is** what the ***halakha*** would be. **But** the Sages **said** with regard to one who reneges on a transaction where one party pulled the gold dinar into his possession: **He Who exacted payment from the people of the generation of the flood, and from the people of the generation of the dispersion, and from the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah, and from the Egyptians in the** Red **Sea, will** in the future **exact payment from whoever does not stand by his statement.**


###### Bava Metzia 48a:2
[Bava Metzia 48a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:2)

וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנוֹתֵן בִּדְבָרִים – לֹא קָנָה, וְהַחוֹזֵר בּוֹ – אֵין רוּחַ חֲכָמִים נוֹחָה הֵימֶנּוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* concludes: **And one who negotiates,** where the negotiation culminates **with a statement** committing himself to acquire the item, **did not acquire** the item without a formal act of acquisition. **But** with regard to **one who reneges on** his commitment, **the Sages are displeased with him.**


###### Bava Metzia 48a:3
[Bava Metzia 48a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:3)

וְאָמַר רָבָא: אָנוּ אֵין לָנוּ אֶלָּא ״אֵין רוּחַ חֲכָמִים נוֹחָה הֵימֶנּוּ״. דְּבָרִים וְאִיכָּא בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ מָעוֹת – קָאֵי בַּ״אֲבָל״. דְּבָרִים וְלֵיכָּא בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ מָעוֹת – לָא קָאֵי בַּ״אֲבָל״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rava says:** With regard to one who reneges on his commitment, **we have only** the statement that **the Sages are displeased with him,** but not that he is subject to a curse. The Gemara explains: If there is **a statement** of commitment **and there is** the payment of **money accompanying it, he stands subject to** the curse: **But** the Sages said: He Who exacted payment. If there is **a statement** of commitment **and there is no** payment of **money accompanying it, he does not stand subject to** the curse: **But** the Sages said: He Who exacted payment.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:4
[Bava Metzia 48a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:4)

אָמַר רָבָא, קְרָא וּמַתְנִיתָא מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ. קְרָא, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְכִחֵשׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ בְּפִקָּדוֹן אוֹ בִתְשׂוּמֶת יָד אוֹ בְגָזֵל אוֹ עָשַׁק אֶת עֲמִיתוֹ״. ״תְּשׂוּמֶת יָד״ – אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: כְּגוֹן שֶׁיִּחֵד לוֹ כְּלִי לְהַלְוָאָתוֹ. ״עָשַׁק״ – אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: כְּגוֹן שֶׁיִּחֵד לוֹ כְּלִי לְעׇשְׁקוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rava says: A verse and a *baraita* support** the opinion **of Reish Lakish** that money does not effect acquisition of movable property by Torah law. **A verse, as it is written: “And deal falsely with his colleague in a matter of deposit, or of pledge, or of robbery, or oppressed his colleague”** (Leviticus 5:21). The verse is referring to cases similar to a deposit where there is denial of an item and not merely a debt. With regard to the term **“pledge,” Rav Ḥisda says:** This is referring to a case **where** the debtor **designated a vessel** as collateral **for his loan** and then denies his debt. With regard to the term **“oppressed,” Rav Ḥisda says:** This is referring to a case **where** the employer **designated a vessel for him** to guarantee payment of his wages **and** withheld payment, resulting **in his oppression.**


###### Bava Metzia 48a:5
[Bava Metzia 48a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:5)

וְכִי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ קְרָא, כְּתִיב: ״וְהָיָה כִּי יֶחֱטָא וְאָשֵׁם וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת הַגְּזֵלָה אֲשֶׁר גָּזָל אוֹ אֶת הָעֹשֶׁק אֲשֶׁר עָשָׁק אוֹ אֶת הַפִּקָּדוֹן אֲשֶׁר הׇפְקַד אִתּוֹ״, וְאִילּוּ תְּשׂוּמֶת יָד לָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ, מַאי טַעְמָא? לָאו מִשּׁוּם דִּמְחַסְּרָא מְשִׁיכָה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And when the verse repeats** three of these cases after stating that each individual admitted that he lied and is liable to return the item that he misappropriated, **it is written: “And then it shall be, if he has sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took by robbery, or the thing that he has gotten by oppression, or the deposit that was deposited with him”** (Leviticus 5:23), **while** the verse **does not repeat** the term **“pledge.” What is the reason** that the verse omits that case? Is it **not because it lacks pulling** by the lender? Since the lender did not pull the item designated as collateral for the loan, he did not acquire the item and is not liable to bring an offering for taking a false oath if he fails to pay, as he denied owing an abstract debt, not an actual item. Apparently, there is no full-fledged acquisition without pulling the item into one’s possession.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:6
[Bava Metzia 48a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:6)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְרָבָא: אֵימָא מֵעוֹשֶׁק הוּא, דְּאַהְדַּר קְרָא! הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן – כְּגוֹן שֶׁנְּטָלוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ וְחָזַר וְהִפְקִידוֹ אֶצְלוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said to Rava: Say** that it suffices that **the verse repeated** the case **of oppression.** In that case, there is also no denial of an actual item, merely of an obligation to pay one’s worker. The *halakha* would be the same in the case of a pledge, i.e., of a loan where the lender designated an item although there was no pulling. The Gemara rejects that contention: **With what are we dealing here?** We are dealing with a case **where** the workers **took** the item for their payment **from** the employer, and then deposited that item with him, and the employer than denied having received that deposit. Accordingly, he is denying owing an actual item, not an abstract debt.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:7
[Bava Metzia 48a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:7)

הַיְינוּ פִּקָּדוֹן! תְּרֵי גַּוְנֵי פִּקָּדוֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara challenges this explanation: **That is** precisely the case of **a deposit** that is already mentioned in the verse. What novel element is introduced by this case? The Gemara explains: There are **two types of deposit:** A standard deposit and the case where one deposits with a bailee an item that had previously belonged to the bailee.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:8
[Bava Metzia 48a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:8)

אִי הָכִי, תְּשׂוּמֶת יָד נָמֵי לַיהְדְּרֵיהּ, וְלוֹקְמֵיהּ כְּגוֹן שֶׁנְּטָלוֹ הֵימֶנּוּ וְחָזַר וְהִפְקִידוֹ אֶצְלוֹ! אִי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ קְרָא – לָא תְּיוּבְתָּא וְלָא סִיַּיעְתָּא. הַשְׁתָּא דְּלָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ קְרָא – מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **If so,** and that is the explanation of the verse, **let** the verse **repeat** the case of **a pledge as well, and interpret it** in a case **where** the lender **took** the item **from him** by pulling it into his possession, **and then deposited** that item **with** the debtor. The Gemara responds: **If the verse had repeated** the case of a pledge it would be **neither a refutation** of **nor a support** for the opinion of Reish Lakish, as the cases could be explained otherwise. **Now that** the verse **does not repeat** the case of a pledge, it **supports his** opinion that one acquires movable property only by means of pulling it into his possession.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:9
[Bava Metzia 48a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:9)

וּתְשׂוּמֶת יָד לָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ קְרָא? וְהָתַנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: מִנַּיִן לִיתֵּן אֶת הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה לְמַטָּה, דִּכְתִיב: ״אוֹ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׁבַע עָלָיו לַשֶּׁקֶר״, וְאָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ אָמַר רַב: לְרַבּוֹת תְּשׂוּמֶת יָד לְהִישָּׁבוֹן. בְּהֶדְיָא מִיהָא לָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ קְרָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And does the verse not repeat** the case of **a pledge? But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon said: From where** is it derived **to apply that which is stated above,** in the first verse cited from Leviticus, to the verse stated **below,** i.e., the second verse cited from Leviticus? It is derived **as it is written: “Or anything about which he has taken a false oath”** (Leviticus 5:24). **And Rav Naḥman says** that **Rabba bar Avuh says** that **Rav says:** This clause serves **to include** the case **of a pledge in** the requirement of **return,** teaching that even in the case where the debtor designated an item as collateral for a loan, the lender is obligated to return the item although there was no pulling. The Gemara rejects that contention: **In any event, the verse did not repeat** the case of a pledge **explicitly,** and one derives support for the opinion of Reish Lakish from that omission.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:10
[Bava Metzia 48a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:10)

מַתְנִיתָא מְנָלַן? דְּתַנְיָא: נְתָנָהּ לְבַלָּן מָעַל, וְאָמַר רַב: דַּוְקָא בַּלָּן הוּא דְּלָא מְחַסְּרָא מְשִׁיכָה, אֲבָל מִידֵּי אַחֲרִיתִי דִּמְחַסְּרָא מְשִׁיכָה – לֹא מָעַל עַד דְּמָשֵׁיךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**From where do we** derive support for the opinion of Reish Lakish from **a *baraita*?** It is **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: If one had consecrated money and **gave it to a bathhouse attendant [*leballan*]** as payment for use of the bath, he is liable for **misuse of consecrated property** as soon as he pays him, even before he uses the bathhouse. **And Rav says:** One can infer that **it is specifically with regard to** one giving the consecrated money to **a bathhouse attendant** that he is liable immediately, **as** in that case there is **no lack of pulling,** since he is paying for usage of the bathhouse, not for an item. **But** one can infer that in cases involving **other matters, where** the one giving the consecrated money is acquiring an item and **there is a lack of pulling,** he is liable for **misuse only once he pulls** the item he is purchasing. Apparently, by Torah law, it is only by means of pulling an item into his possession, not through payment of money, that one acquires an item.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:11
[Bava Metzia 48a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:11)

וְהָתַנְיָא: נְתָנָהּ לְסַפָּר מָעַל. וְסַפָּר הָא בָּעֵי לְמִמְשַׁךְ תִּסְפּוֹרֶת. הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן – בְּסַפָּר גּוֹי, דְּלָאו בַּר מְשִׁיכָה הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: If one had consecrated money and **gave it to a barber,** he is liable for **misuse of consecrated property** immediately, as soon as he gives him the money, **and** in the case of **a barber, doesn’t he need to pull the haircut** utensils in order for their transaction to be finalized? The Gemara answers: **With what are we dealing here?** We are dealing **with a gentile barber, who is not subject to** the requirement of **pulling,** which applies only to Jews, as it is written: “And if you sell to your colleague something that is sold.” Everyone agrees that a transaction with gentiles is finalized with the payment of money.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:12
[Bava Metzia 48a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:12)

תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: נְתָנָהּ לְסַפָּר אוֹ לְסַפָּן אוֹ לְכׇל בַּעֲלֵי אוּמָּנוּת – לֹא מָעַל עַד דְּמָשֵׁךְ. קַשְׁיָין אַהֲדָדֵי. אֶלָּא לָאו, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: כָּאן בְּסַפָּר גּוֹי, כָּאן בְּסַפָּר יִשְׂרָאֵל. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **This is also taught** in a *baraita*: If one had consecrated money **and gave it to a barber, or to a sailor, or to any craftsmen,** he is liable for **misuse of consecrated property only once he pulls** the item belonging to the worker. The Gemara asks: These two *baraitot* are **difficult,** as they contradict **each other.** The first *baraita* states that if one had consecrated money and he gave it to a barber, he is liable for misuse of consecrated property as soon as he gives the money. The second *baraita* states that he is liable for misuse of consecrated property only once he pulls the item. **Rather,** must one **not conclude from it** that **here,** the *halakha* in the first *baraita* is **with regard to** one who gives consecrated money to **a gentile barber,** who is liable when he gives the money to the barber, and **there,** the *halakha* in the second *baraita* is **with regard to** one who gives consecrated money to **a Jewish barber,** who is liable only once he pulls the item? The Gemara affirms: **Learn from it** that this is the case.


###### Bava Metzia 48a:13
[Bava Metzia 48a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48a:13)

וְכֵן אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, דְּבַר תּוֹרָה מָעוֹת קוֹנוֹת. וּבַדְקַהּ לֵוִי בְּמַתְנִיתֵיהּ וְאַשְׁכַּח: נְתָנָהּ לְסִיטוֹן – מָעַל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **And so says Rav Naḥman,** in agreement with the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan: **By Torah law,** the giving of **money effects acquisition** of movable property. The Gemara adds: **And Levi examined his** compendium of ***baraitot*, and he discovered** this *baraita*: If one had a consecrated *ma’a* and **he gave it to a wholesaler [*siton*]** as the first payment for a large quantity of produce, he is liable for **misuse of consecrated property.** This *baraita* describes a situation where the buyer did not pull the produce, yet he is liable for misuse. Apparently, by Torah law the giving of money effects acquisition.