## Bava Metzia Daf 48b

###### Bava Metzia 48b:1
[Bava Metzia 48b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:1)

אֶלָּא קַשְׁיָא לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ! אָמַר לָךְ רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: הָא מַנִּי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But** this *baraita* is **difficult according to Reish Lakish.** The Gemara answers: **Reish Lakish** could have **said to you:** In accordance with **whose** opinion **is this** *baraita*? **It is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon,** not that of the Rabbis.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:2
[Bava Metzia 48b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:2)

אֲבָל אָמְרוּ מִי שֶׁפָּרַע וְכוּ׳. אִיתְּמַר, אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: אוֹדוֹעֵי מוֹדְעִינַן לֵיהּ. רָבָא אָמַר: מֵילָט לָיְיטִינַן לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches with regard to one who reneges on a transaction after the money was paid: **But** the Sages **said: He Who exacted payment** from the people of the generation of the flood, and from the generation of the dispersion, will in the future exact payment from whoever does not stand by his statement. **It was stated** that there is an amoraic dispute. **Abaye said** that **we inform** one who seeks to renege on a transaction: Be aware that this is the punishment of one who does not stand by his statement. **Rava said** that **we curse him** with that statement.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:3
[Bava Metzia 48b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:3)

אַבָּיֵי אָמַר: אוֹדוֹעֵי מוֹדְעִינַן לֵיהּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְנָשִׂיא בְעַמְּךָ לֹא תָאֹר״. רָבָא אָמַר: מֵילָט לָיְיטִינַן לֵיהּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּעַמְּךָ״ – בְּעוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֵׂה עַמְּךָ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **Abaye said** that **we inform him, as it is written: “Nor curse a ruler among your people”** (Exodus 22:27), from which it is derived that it is prohibited to curse a ruler or any other member of the Jewish people. **Rava said** that **we curse him,** and the prohibition against cursing is not a concern, **as it is written: “Among your people,”** from which it is derived that the prohibition applies only **with regard to one who performs an action** befitting **your people,** not one who reneges on a transaction after the money is paid.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:4
[Bava Metzia 48b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:4)

אָמַר רָבָא, מְנָא אָמֵינָא לַהּ? דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף יְהַבוּ לֵיהּ זוּזֵי אַמִּלְחָא. לְסוֹף אִיַּיקַּר מִלְחָא. אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִיל הַב לְהוּ, וְאִי לָא – קַבֵּיל עֲלָיךְ ״מִי שֶׁפָּרַע״. וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ אוֹדוֹעֵי מוֹדְעִינַן לֵיהּ, רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף בַּר אוֹדוֹעֵי הוּא. וְאֶלָּא מַאי – מֵילָט לָיְיטִינַן לֵיהּ? רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף אָתֵי לְקַבּוֹלֵי עֲלֵיהּ לָטוּתָא דְרַבָּנַן?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said: From where do I say** this *halakha*? I learned it from the incident **where** buyers **gave Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef money to** purchase **salt** from him. **Ultimately** the price of **salt increased,** and Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef sought to renege on the deal. **He came before Rabbi Yoḥanan** to ask his opinion. Rabbi Yoḥanan **said to him: Go** and **give them** the salt, **and if not, accept upon yourself: He Who exacted payment. And if you say we** merely **inform him** of this punishment, is **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef one who** must be **informed?** He knows the *halakha*. The Gemara rejects this proof: **Rather, what** is the alternative, that **we curse him?** Would **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef come to accept upon himself a curse of the Sages?**


###### Bava Metzia 48b:5
[Bava Metzia 48b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:5)

אֶלָּא רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף עֵרָבוֹן הוּא דְּיָהֲבִי לֵיהּ. הוּא סָבַר: כְּנֶגְדּוֹ הוּא קוֹנֶה. וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כְּנֶגֶד כּוּלּוֹ הוּא קוֹנֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** the details of the incident were different. **It is a down payment that** buyers **gave Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef.** The money was paid merely to bolster the commitment to complete the transaction. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef **held** that the down payment **effects acquisition** of salt **commensurate with its** value, and therefore he wanted to give them only that portion of the salt. **And Rabbi Yoḥanan said to him:** The down payment **effects acquisition** of salt **commensurate with** the **entire** amount of the transaction.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:6
[Bava Metzia 48b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:6)

אִתְּמַר: עֵרָבוֹן, רַב אוֹמֵר: כְּנֶגְדּוֹ הוּא קוֹנֶה, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: כְּנֶגֶד כּוּלּוֹ הוּא קוֹנֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **It was stated** that there is an amoraic dispute with regard to **a down payment. Rav says:** A down payment **effects acquisition** of merchandise **commensurate with its** value. **And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: It effects acquisition** of merchandise **commensurate with** the **entire** amount of the transaction.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:7
[Bava Metzia 48b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:7)

מֵיתִיבִי: הַנּוֹתֵן עֵרָבוֹן לַחֲבֵירוֹ, וְאָמַר לוֹ: ״אִם אֲנִי חוֹזֵר בִּי – עֶרְבוֹנִי מָחוּל לָךְ״, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר לוֹ: ״אִם אֲנִי אֶחְזוֹר בִּי, אֶכְפּוֹל לְךָ עֵרְבוֹנְךָ״ – נִתְקַיְּימוּ הַתְּנָאִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר: אַסְמַכְתָּא קָנְיָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from a *baraita*: With regard to **one who gives a down payment to another, and says to him: If I renege, my down payment is forfeited to you, and the other** person **says to him: If I renege, I will double your down payment for you, the conditions are in effect;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Yosei.** The Gemara comments: **Rabbi Yosei** conforms **to his** standard line of **reasoning, as he says: A transaction with inconclusive consent [*asmakhta*] effects acquisition.** Even though it is a commitment that he undertook based on his certainty that he would never be forced to fulfill the condition, it is considered a full-fledged commitment.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:8
[Bava Metzia 48b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:8)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: דַּיּוֹ שֶׁיִּקְנֶה כְּנֶגֶד עֵרְבוֹנוֹ. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים – בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ ״עֶרְבוֹנִי יִקּוֹן״. אֲבָל מָכַר לוֹ בַּיִת אוֹ שָׂדֶה בְּאֶלֶף זוּז, וּפָרַע לוֹ מֵהֶם חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת זוּז – קָנָה, וּמַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֶת הַשְּׁאָר אֲפִילּוּ לְאַחַר כַּמָּה שָׁנִים. מַאי לָאו הוּא הַדִּין לְמִטַּלְטְלִין, (בְּדִסְתָמָא) [דְּבִסְתָמָא] קָנֵי לְהוּ לְכוּלְּהוּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **Rabbi Yehuda says: It is sufficient that** the down payment **effects acquisition** of merchandise **commensurate with** the amount of **his down payment. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: In what** case **is this statement said?** It is **when** the buyer **said to** the seller: **My down payment will effect acquisition** of the merchandise. **But** if **one sold** another **a house or a field for one thousand dinars, and** the buyer **paid him five hundred dinars of** that sum, he has **acquired** the entire house, **and he returns the rest** of the money to the seller **even after several years** have passed. The Gemara asks: **What, is it not** that **the same is true** with regard **to movable property** as well, and **in** a case **where** the agreement is **unspecified,** the buyer **acquires the entire** item, not merely commensurate with the down payment?


###### Bava Metzia 48b:9
[Bava Metzia 48b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:9)

לָא, מִטַּלְטְלִין בִּסְתָמָא לָא קָנֵי. וּמַאי שְׁנָא קַרְקַע, דִּבְכַסְפָּא קָנֵי לֵיהּ מַמָּשׁ – קָנֵי לֵיהּ לְכוּלַּהּ. מִטַּלְטְלֵי דְּלָא קָנֵי אֶלָּא לְקַבּוֹלֵי ״מִי שֶׁפָּרַע״ – לָא קָנֵי לֵיהּ כּוּלֵּיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects that comparison: **No,** with regard to **movable property in** a case **where** the agreement is **unspecified,** the buyer **does not acquire** the entire item. The Gemara asks: **And** in **what** way **is** movable property **different** from land? The Gemara explains: In the case of **land, which with** the payment of **money one genuinely acquires it** in a legal sense, the buyer **acquires the entire** tract of land with a down payment. In the case of **movable property, which with** the payment of money **one acquires it only** in the sense that if he reneges he will have **to receive** the curse: **He Who exacted payment,** the buyer **does not acquire the entire** item with a down payment.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:10
[Bava Metzia 48b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:10)

לֵימָא כְּתַנָּאֵי: הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ עַל הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן, וְנִכְנְסָה הַשְּׁמִיטָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה אֶלָּא פְּלָג – אֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּט, דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא אוֹמֵר: אִם הָיָה מַשְׁכּוֹן כְּנֶגֶד הַלְוָאָתוֹ – אֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּט, וְאִם לָאו – מְשַׁמֵּט.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Let us say** that this amoraic dispute between Rav and Rabbi Yoḥanan **is parallel to** a dispute between ***tanna’im*.** As it is taught in a *baraita*: With regard to **one who lends** money **to another on** the basis of **collateral, and the Sabbatical** Year **commenced, even if** the collateral **is worth only half** the sum of the loan, the Sabbatical Year **does not abrogate** the loan; this is **the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: If** the value of the **collateral was commensurate with the** sum of **his loan,** the Sabbatical Year **does not abrogate** the loan, **but if** it was **not** commensurate with the sum of his loan, the Sabbatical Year **abrogates** the loan.


###### Bava Metzia 48b:11
[Bava Metzia 48b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/48b:11)

מַאי ״אֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּט״ דְּקָאָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל? אִילֵּימָא כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, מִכְּלָל דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא סָבַר: לְהָךְ פַּלְגָא נָמֵי מְשַׁמֵּט!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of the statement: The Sabbatical Year **does not abrogate** the loan, **that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel is saying? If we say** it means that the Sabbatical Year does not cancel that part of the loan **commensurate with** the collateral, but it does cancel the rest, this indicates **by inference that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds** that the Sabbatical Year **also abrogates that half as well.** That is difficult, as is there not collateral commensurate with that half?