## Bava Metzia Daf 60a

###### Bava Metzia 60a:1
[Bava Metzia 60a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:1)

וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר, חֲדָשִׁים בִּישָׁנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And needless to say,** one may not intermingle **new** produce **with old** produce, in the event that the old produce is superior, as with grains, since intermingling lowers its value.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:2
[Bava Metzia 60a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:2)

בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ: בְּיַיִן הִתִּירוּ לְעָרֵב קָשֶׁה בְּרַךְ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ. אֵין מְעָרְבִין שִׁמְרֵי יַיִן בְּיַיִן, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Actually, they said: With regard to wine, they permitted one to mix strong** wine **with weak** wine, **because one** thereby **enhances it. One may not** intentionally **mix wine sediment with the wine, but one may give** the buyer wine with **its sediment;** the seller is not required to filter the wine.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:3
[Bava Metzia 60a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:3)

מִי שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב מַיִם בְּיֵינוֹ, לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַּחֲנוּת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הוֹדִיעוֹ. וְלֹא לַתַּגָּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְרַמּוֹת בּוֹ. מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהָטִיל מַיִם בַּיַּיִן – יָטִילוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One who** had **water mix with his wine may not sell it in the store, unless he informs** the buyer that it contains water. **And he may not** sell it **to a merchant, even if he informs him** of the mixture, **as,** although he is aware that there is water mixed with the wine, **it** will be used **for nothing other than deceit** because the merchant will likely not inform the buyer that it is diluted. In **a place where they are accustomed to place water into the wine** to dilute it and everyone is aware of that fact, **one may place** water in the wine.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:4
[Bava Metzia 60a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:4)

הַתַּגָּר נוֹטֵל מֵחָמֵשׁ גֳּרָנוֹת וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ מְגוּרָה אַחַת, מֵחָמֵשׁ גִּתּוֹת וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ פִּיטוֹם אֶחָד, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּין לְעָרֵב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The prohibition against mixing different types of produce applies only to an individual selling the produce of his field. By contrast, **a merchant may take** grain **from five threshing floors** belonging to different people, **and place** the produce **in one warehouse.** He may also take wine **from five winepresses and place** the wine **in one large cask [*pitom*], provided that he does not intend to mix** low-quality merchandise with high-quality merchandise.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:5
[Bava Metzia 60a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:5)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חֲדָשׁוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע וִישָׁנוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ דְּאֵין מְעָרְבִין, אֶלָּא אֲפִילּוּ חֲדָשׁוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וִישָׁנוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע – אֵין מְעָרְבִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָדָם רוֹצֶה לְיַשְּׁנָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught: Needless to say,** if the price of the **new** produce is **four** *se’a* for a *sela* **and** the price of the **old** produce is **three** *se’a* for a *sela*, **one may not intermingle** them together. That is full-fledged deceit, as one is selling inexpensive produce at the price of expensive produce. **Rather, even** if the price of the **new** produce is **three** *se’a* for a *sela* **and** the price of the **old** produce is **four** *se’a* for a *sela*, **one may not intermingle** them. This is **because** in this case the price of the new produce is higher, as **people want to age** the produce, i.e., new produce is more valuable to those who seek to place it in storage for a lengthy period, although it may be of inferior quality compared to old produce.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:6
[Bava Metzia 60a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:6)

בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ: בַּיַּיִן הִתִּירוּ לְעָרֵב קָשֶׁה בְּרַךְ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ וְכוּ׳. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: עֲדָא אָמְרָה, כֹּל ״בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ״ – הֲלָכָה הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **Actually, they said: With regard to wine, they permitted one to mix strong** wine **with weak** wine **because** mixing the wine **enhances it. Rabbi Elazar said: That is to say, every** time a *halakha* is introduced with the phrase: **Actually they said,** it **is** an established ***halakha*** with regard to which there is no uncertainty.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:7
[Bava Metzia 60a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:7)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: וּבֵין הַגִּיתּוֹת שָׁנוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman says: And** it is with regard to the period when the wine is **among the winepresses,** i.e., before the wine ferments, that **they taught** this *halakha*. When the wine is still in the process of fermentation, if different wines are mixed and ferment together, this enhances their flavor. By contrast, if they are mixed at a later stage, this will harm their flavor.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:8
[Bava Metzia 60a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:8)

וְהָאִידָּנָא דְּקָא מְעָרְבִי שֶׁלֹּא בֵּין הַגִּיתּוֹת? אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: דְּיָדְעִי וְקָא מָחֲלִי. רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִיקָא אָמַר: הָא מַנִּי? רַבִּי אַחָא הִיא, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי אַחָא מַתִּיר בְּדָבָר הַנִּטְעָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And today, when** people **mix** old and new wine even when the wine is **not among the winepresses,** on what basis is mixing permitted? **Rav Pappa said:** It is **because** buyers **are aware** of the potential loss **and waive** it. **Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Ika, said:** In accordance with **whose** opinion **is this** mishna? **It is** the opinion of **Rabbi Aḥa, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Aḥa permits** mixing **in** a case where the product **will be tasted** before its purchase. Then there is no deceit, as when the buyer tastes it, he is immediately aware that it is a mixture, and the choice of whether or not to purchase the product is his.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:9
[Bava Metzia 60a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:9)

וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שִׁמְרֵי יַיִן בְּיַיִן, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו וְכוּ׳. וְהָא אָמְרַתְּ רֵישָׁא אֵין מְעָרְבִין כְּלָל! וְכִי תֵּימָא מַאי ״נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו״? דְּקָא מוֹדַע לֵיהּ, הָא מִדְּקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא: לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַּחֲנוּת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מוֹדִיעוֹ, וְלֹא לַתַּגָּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹדִיעוֹ, מִכְּלָל דְּרֵישָׁא אַף עַל גַּב דְּלָא מוֹדַע לֵיהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **And one may not** intentionally **mix wine sediment with the wine, but one may give** the buyer wine with **its sediment.** The Gemara asks: **But didn’t you say in the former clause** of the mishna that **one may not mix sediment at all? And lest you say: What is** the meaning of: **He may give** the buyer wine with **its sediment;** it means **that he informs** the buyer that the wine contains sediment, this suggestion is not tenable. **From** the fact **that the latter clause teaches: One may not sell it in the store unless he informs** the buyer **and** he **may not** sell it **to a merchant even if he informs him, it may be inferred that the former clause** is speaking of a situation where one may sell it in the store **even if he does not inform** the buyer.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:10
[Bava Metzia 60a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:10)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: הָכִי קָאָמַר, אֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁמָרִים שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ בְּשֶׁל יוֹם, וְלֹא שֶׁל יוֹם בְּשֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ. אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הַשּׁוֹפֶה יַיִן לַחֲבֵירוֹ – הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יְעָרֵב שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ בְּשֶׁל יוֹם, וְלֹא שֶׁל יוֹם בְּשֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ. אֲבָל מְעָרֵב שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ בְּשֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ, וְשֶׁל יוֹם בְּשֶׁל יוֹם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yehuda said: This** is what the *tanna* **is saying: One may neither mix sediment** remaining **from** wine that he poured **the night before with** the wine **of** the next **day, nor** the sediment **of** the next **day with** the wine **of the night before. But he may give** the buyer **sediment of** that wine **itself. That is also taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yehuda says:** With regard to **one who pours wine for another,** attempting to pour the liquid while leaving the sediment in the cask, that person **may neither mix** sediment remaining **from** wine that he poured **the night before with** the wine **of** the next **day, nor** the sediment **of** the next **day with** the wine **of the night before. But he may mix** the sediment **of the night before with** the wine poured **the night before, and** the sediment **of** the next **day with** the wine **of** the next **day.**


###### Bava Metzia 60a:11
[Bava Metzia 60a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:11)

מִי שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב מַיִם בְּיֵינוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַּחֲנוּת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מוֹדִיעוֹ וְכוּ׳. רָבָא אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ חַמְרָא מֵחָנוּתָא, מַזְגֵיהּ, טַעְמֵיהּ, לָא הֲוָה בְּסִים, שַׁדְּרֵיהּ לְחָנוּתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: וְהָא אֲנַן תְּנַן, וְלֹא לַתַּגָּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִזְגָּא דִּידִי מִידָּע יְדִיעַ. וְכִי תֵּימָא דְּטָפֵי וּמְחַיְּילֵיהּ וּמְזַבֵּין לֵיהּ – אִם כֵּן, אֵין לַדָּבָר סוֹף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **One who** had **water mix with his wine may not sell it in the store, unless he informs** the buyer that it contains water. The Gemara relates: **They brought wine to Rava from a store. He diluted it** with water, **tasted it, and it was not tasty. He sent it** back **to the store,** so they could sell it there. **Abaye said to him: But didn’t we learn** in the mishna: **And he may not** sell it **to a merchant, even if he informs him?** Rava **said to him: My dilution** of the wine **is evident** to all, as I add more water than is typically added. **And lest you say** that the storekeeper **will add wine, and sweeten** the mixture, **and sell it** again, when the dilution is no longer evident, **if** this is a concern, **there is no end to the matter.** It should be prohibited to sell any wine to a merchant due to the concern lest he engage in deceit in its resale.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:12
[Bava Metzia 60a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:12)

מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַטִּיל מַיִם בַּיַּיִן, יָטִילוּ וְכוּ׳. תָּנָא: לְמֶחֱצָה, לִשְׁלִישׁ, וְלִרְבִיעַ. אָמַר רַב: וּבֵין הַגִּיתּוֹת שָׁנוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: In **a place where they are accustomed to place water into the wine** to dilute it and everyone is aware of that fact, **one may place** water in the wine. **It was taught:** One may dilute the wine by adding water that will constitute **one-half, one-third, or one-fourth** of the mixture, in accordance with the local custom. **Rav says: And** it is with regard to the period when the wine is **among the winepresses,** before the wine ferments, that **they taught** this *halakha*. If wine is diluted at a later stage, the dilution will cause the wine to spoil.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:13
[Bava Metzia 60a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:13)

**מַתְנִי׳** רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לֹא יְחַלֵּק הַחֶנְוָנִי קְלָיוֹת וֶאֱגוֹזִין לַתִּינוֹקוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַרְגִּילָן לָבֹא אֶצְלוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין. וְלֹא יִפְחוֹת אֶת הַשַּׁעַר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: זָכוּר לַטּוֹב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **Rabbi Yehuda says: A storekeeper may not hand out toasted grain and nuts to children** who patronize his store, **due to** the fact **that he** thereby **accustoms them to come to him** at the expense of competing storekeepers. **And the Rabbis permit** doing so. **And one may not reduce** the price of sale items below **the** market **rate. And the Rabbis say:** If he wishes to do so, he should be **remembered positively.**


###### Bava Metzia 60a:14
[Bava Metzia 60a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:14)

לֹא יָבוֹר אֶת הַגְּרִיסִין, דִּבְרֵי אַבָּא שָׁאוּל. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין, וּמוֹדִים שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹר מֵעַל פִּי מְגוּרָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא כְּגוֹנֵב אֶת הָעַיִן. אֵין מְפַרְכְּסִין לֹא אֶת הָאָדָם, וְלֹא אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה, וְלֹא אֶת הַכֵּלִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
One **may not sift ground beans** to remove the waste, lest he charge an inappropriately high price for the sifted meal, beyond its actual value; this is **the statement of Abba Shaul. And the Rabbis permit** doing so. **And** the Rabbis **concede that one may not sift** the meal only **from** the beans that are close to **the opening of the bin** to create the impression that the contents of the entire bin were sifted, **as this is nothing other than deception. One may neither adorn a person** before selling him on the slave market, **nor an animal nor vessels** that he seeks to sell. Rather, they must be sold unembellished, to avoid deceiving the buyer.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:15
[Bava Metzia 60a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:15)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי טַעְמַיְיהוּ דְּרַבָּנַן? דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲנָא מְפַלֵּיגְנָא אַמְגּוֹזֵי, וְאַתְּ פַּלֵּיג שִׁיסְקֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **What is the reason for the** opinion of **the Rabbis,** who permit the free distribution of toasted grain and nuts? It is **because** the storekeeper can **say to his** competitors: **I hand out nuts; and you hand out jujubes [*shiskei*].** All merchants are able to hand out goods that will attract children, and consequently this is not unfair competition.


###### Bava Metzia 60a:16
[Bava Metzia 60a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60a:16)

וְלֹא יִפְחוֹת אֶת הַשַּׁעַר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: זָכוּר לַטּוֹב וְכוּ׳. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבָּנַן?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **And one may not reduce** the price of items below **the** market **rate. And the Rabbis say:** If he wishes to do so, he should be **remembered positively.** The Gemara asks: **What is the reason for the** opinion of the **Rabbis,** who not only condone the practice but even praise the person, saying that he should be remembered positively?