## Bava Metzia Daf 60b

###### Bava Metzia 60b:1
[Bava Metzia 60b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:1)

מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא מַרְוַוח לְתַרְעָא:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: It is **due to** the fact **that** by lowering the price **he eases the** market **rate,** i.e., his actions lead to the establishment of a lower market price.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:2
[Bava Metzia 60b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:2)

וְלֹא יָבוֹר אֶת הַגְּרִיסִין, דִּבְרֵי אַבָּא שָׁאוּל. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין וְכוּ׳. מַאן חֲכָמִים? רַבִּי אַחָא, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי אַחָא מַתִּיר בְּדָבָר הַנִּרְאֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches: **And one may not sift ground beans** to remove the waste and charge a higher price; this is **the statement of Abba Shaul. And the Rabbis permit** doing so. The Gemara comments: **Who** are the **Rabbis** whose opinion is cited in the mishna? It is **Rabbi Aḥa, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Aḥa permits** mixing, and sifting, and the like, in the case of **an item** in **which** the change **is obvious.**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:3
[Bava Metzia 60b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:3)

אֵין מְפַרְכְּסִין, לֹא אֶת הָאָדָם וְכוּ׳ וְלֹא אֶת הַכֵּלִים. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין מְשַׁרְבְּטִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה, וְאֵין נוֹפְחִין בַּקְּרָבַיִים, וְאֵין שׁוֹרִין אֶת הַבָּשָׂר בַּמַּיִם. מַאי אֵין מְשַׁרְבְּטִין? הָכָא תַּרְגִּמוּ: מַיָּא דְחִיזְרָא. זְעֵירִי אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: מַזְקַפְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna taught: **One may neither adorn a person,** nor an animal, **nor vessels. The Sages taught: One may neither stiffen** the hair of **an animal** to create the impression that it is more voluminous than it is, **nor inflate innards** sold as meat to create the impression that it is a more substantial piece of meat, **nor soak meat in water** in order to change its color and create the impression that it is a choice cut. The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of: **One may not stiffen** the hair of **an animal? Here,** in Babylonia, **they explained** that it means to feed the animal **bran water,** which inflates its intestines and causes its hair to stand on end. **Ze’eiri said** in the name of **Rav Kahana:** It means **scrubbing** the hair clean to increase its volume.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:4
[Bava Metzia 60b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:4)

שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁרָא לְמִרְמֵא תּוּמֵי לְסַרְבָּלָא. רַב יְהוּדָה שְׁרָא לְכַסְכּוֹסֵי קִרְמֵי. רַבָּה שְׁרָא לְמִידַּק (צַרְדֵי) [צַדְרֵי]. רָבָא שְׁרָא לְצַלּוֹמֵי גִּירֵי. רַב פָּפָּא בַּר שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁרָא לְצַלּוֹמֵי דִּיקּוּלֵי. וְהָא אֲנַן תְּנַן: אֵין מְפַרְכְּסִין לֹא אֶת הָאָדָם, וְלֹא אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה, וְלֹא אֶת הַכֵּלִים! לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא בְּחַדְתֵי, הָא בְּעַתִּיקֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Shmuel permitted** sellers **to place fringes on a cloak; Rav Yehuda permitted** them **to clean** and adorn **ornamented garments; Rabba permitted** them **to taper linen garments** to cause them to appear more fine; **Rava permitted** them **to draw arrows** to ornament garments; **Rav Pappa bar Shmuel permitted** them **to draw baskets** for ornamentation. The Gemara asks: **But didn’t we learn** in the mishna: **One may neither adorn a person, nor an animal, nor vessels?** The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult,** as **this** series of cases, where the Sages permitted adorning merchandise, are cases of **new** merchandise. It may be decorated, as doing so merely enhances its intrinsic beauty. **That** ruling in the mishna, according to which adornment is prohibited, is referring to cases **of old** merchandise, as the adornment is meant to conceal its flaws.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:5
[Bava Metzia 60b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:5)

פִּרְכּוּס דְּאָדָם מַאי הִיא? כִּי הָא דְּהָהוּא עַבְדָּא סָבָא, דַּאֲזַל צַבְעֵיהּ לְרֵישֵׁיהּ וּלְדִיקְנֵיהּ. אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִיבְנַן! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: יִהְיוּ עֲנִיִּים בְּנֵי בֵיתֶךָ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Adornment of a person, what is it?** The Gemara relates: It is **as** in **that** incident **involving a certain elderly slave who went** and **dyed his head and beard** black to create a younger impression. **He came before Rava** and **said to him: Purchase me** as your slave. Rava **said to him** that there is a rabbinic adage: **Let the poor be members of your household.** I follow their advice and therefore do not require a slave. If I need assistance, the paupers who frequent my house can assist me.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:6
[Bava Metzia 60b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:6)

אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב פָּפָּא בַּר שְׁמוּאֵל, זַבְנֵיהּ. יוֹמָא חַד אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״אַשְׁקְיַין מַיָּא!״ אֲזַל חַוְּורֵיהּ לְרֵישֵׁיהּ וּלְדִיקְנֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״חֲזִי דַּאֲנָא קַשִּׁישׁ מֵאֲבוּךְ״. קָרֵי אַנַּפְשֵׁיהּ: ״צַדִּיק מִצָּרָה נֶחֱלָץ וַיָּבֹא אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The slave **came before Rav Pappa bar Shmuel,** who **purchased him. One day** Rav Pappa **said to** the slave: **Give me water to drink.** The slave **went and** removed the dye and **whitened** the hair on **his head and his beard.** The slave **said to** Rav Pappa: **See that I am older than your father,** and I am unfit to serve you. Rav Pappa **read about himself: The righteous person is delivered from trouble, and another comes in his stead** (see Proverbs 11:8). Rav Pappa applied the verse to the incident of the slave. The righteous person, Rava, was spared the problem of the slave; while another, Rav Pappa bar Shmuel, came in his stead.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:7
[Bava Metzia 60b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:7)

**הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ הַזָּהָב **


###### Bava Metzia 60b:8
[Bava Metzia 60b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:8)

מַתְנִי׳ **אֵיזֶהוּ** נֶשֶׁךְ וְאֵיזֶהוּ תַּרְבִּית?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** The Torah states the prohibition against taking interest: “And if your brother becomes impoverished, and his hand falters with you, then you shall support him; whether a stranger or a native, he shall live with you. You shall not take from him interest [*neshekh*] or increase [*tarbit*]; you shall fear your God and your brother shall live with you. You shall not give him your money with *neshekh* and with *marbit* you shall not give him your food” (Leviticus 25:35–37). The mishna asks: **Which is *neshekh*, and which is *tarbit*?**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:9
[Bava Metzia 60b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:9)

אֵיזֶהוּ נֶשֶׁךְ? הַמַּלְוֶה סֶלַע בַּחֲמִשָּׁה דִּינָרִין, סָאתַיִם חִטִּין בְּשָׁלֹשׁ – אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׁךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Which is** the case in which there is ***neshekh*?** With regard to **one who lends** another **a *sela*,** worth four dinars, **for five dinars** to be paid later, or one who lends another **two *se’a* of wheat for three** *se’a* to be returned later, this is **prohibited, as it is taking interest [*noshekh*].**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:10
[Bava Metzia 60b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:10)

וְאֵיזֶהוּ תַּרְבִּית? הַמַּרְבֶּה בְּפֵירוֹת. כֵּיצַד? לָקַח הֵימֶנּוּ חִטִּין בְּדִינַר זָהָב הַכּוֹר, וְכֵן הַשַּׁעַר. עָמְדוּ חִטִּין בִּשְׁלֹשִׁים דִּינָרִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And which is** the case in which there is ***tarbit*?** It is the case of **one who** enters into a transaction that yields **an increase in the produce** beyond his investment. **How so?** For example, **one acquired wheat from** another at the price **of** one ***kor*** of wheat **for** one **gold dinar,** worth twenty-five silver dinars, with the wheat to be supplied at a later date, **and such** was **the** market **price** of wheat at the time he acquired it. The price of one *kor* of **wheat** then increased and **stood at thirty dinars.**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:11
[Bava Metzia 60b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:11)

אָמַר לוֹ: תֵּן לִי חִטַּי, שֶׁאֲנִי רוֹצֶה לְמוֹכְרָן וְלִיקַּח בָּהֶן יַיִן. אָמַר לוֹ: הֲרֵי חִטֶּיךָ עֲשׂוּיוֹת עָלַי בִּשְׁלֹשִׁים, וַהֲרֵי לְךָ אֶצְלִי בָּהֶן יַיִן, וְיַיִן אֵין לוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
At that point, the buyer **said to** the seller: **Give me** all of **my wheat** now, **as I wish to sell it and purchase wine with it.** The seller **said to him:** Since it is ultimately wine that you want, not wheat, each *kor* of **your wheat is considered by me** to be worth **thirty** dinars, **and you have** the right to collect **its** value in **wine from me. And** in this case, the seller **did not have wine** in his possession. If wine then appreciates in value, the result will be an interest-bearing transaction, as the buyer collects from the seller wine worth more than the wheat for which he paid.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:12
[Bava Metzia 60b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:12)

**גְּמָ׳** מִדְּשָׁבֵיק לְרִיבִּית דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, וְקָא מְפָרֵשׁ דְּרַבָּנַן, מִכְּלָל דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, (דְּ)נֶשֶׁךָ וְתַרְבִּית – חֲדָא מִלְּתָא הִיא. וְהָא קְרָאֵי כְּתִיבִי: נֶשֶׁךְ כֶּסֶף, וְרִיבִּית אוֹכֶל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **From** the fact **that** in explaining the term *tarbit*, the *tanna* **sets aside the topic** of **interest by Torah law,** which is interest decided upon at the time of a loan, **and** instead **explicates** a case of lending with interest that is prohibited **by rabbinic law,** one can conclude **by inference** that **by Torah law, *neshekh* and *tarbit* are one matter,** and there is no halakhic distinction between them. The Gemara asks: **But aren’t** the **verses written** using the term ***neshekh*** for interest that is on a loan of **money and** *tarbit* or *marbit*, which are cognates of the term ***ribit*,** for interest that is on a loan of **food?** This is as the verse states: “You shall not give him your money with *neshekh* and with *marbit* you shall not give him your food” (Leviticus 25:37).


###### Bava Metzia 60b:13
[Bava Metzia 60b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:13)

וְתִיסְבְּרָא דְּאִיכָּא נֶשֶׁךְ בְּלֹא תַּרְבִּית, וְתַרְבִּית בְּלֹא נֶשֶׁךְ? נֶשֶׁךְ בְּלֹא תַּרְבִּית הֵיכִי דָּמֵי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And can you understand that there is *neshekh* without *tarbit*, and *tarbit* without *neshekh*?** The term *neshekh*, from a root meaning bite, connotes loss to the borrower, while the term *tarbit*, literally increase, connotes profit for the lender. The Gemara asks: **What are the circumstances** where there could be ***neshekh* without *tarbit*?**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:14
[Bava Metzia 60b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:14)

אִי דְּאוֹזְפֵיהּ מְאָה בִּמְאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים, מֵעִיקָּרָא קָיְימִי מְאָה בְּדַנְקָא, וּלְבַסּוֹף קָיְימִי מְאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים בְּדַנְקָא. נֶשֶׁךְ אִיכָּא – דְּקָא נָכֵית לֵיהּ, דְּקָא שָׁקֵיל מִינֵּיהּ מִידֵּי דְּלָא יָהֵיב. וְתַרְבִּית לֵיכָּא – דְּלֵית לֵיהּ רַוְוחָא, דְּדַנְקָא אוֹזְפֵיהּ וְדַנְקָא קָא שָׁקֵיל מִינֵּיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**If** it is in a case where **one lends to** another **one hundred** *perutot* **with** the agreement to be repaid **one hundred and twenty,** and **initially one hundred** copper *perutot* **are** worth **one-sixth [*bedanka*]** of a dinar, **and ultimately,** when he pays, **one hundred and twenty** *perutot* **are** worth **one-sixth** of a dinar, this is not an example of one without the other. Although one might say that **there is *neshekh*, as** the lender **reduces** the borrower’s assets **since** the lender **takes** in payment **from** the borrower coins **that he did not give** him in the loan, **and there is no *tarbit*, as there is no profit** for the lender in this transaction, **since he lent him one-sixth** of a dinar **and he received from him one-sixth** of a dinar, that is not correct.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:15
[Bava Metzia 60b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:15)

סוֹף סוֹף, אִי בָּתַר מֵעִיקָּרָא אָזְלַתְּ – הֲרֵי נֶשֶׁךְ וַהֲרֵי תַּרְבִּית. אִי בָּתַר בְּסוֹף אָזְלַתְּ, לָא נֶשֶׁךְ אִיכָּא וְלָא תַּרְבִּית אִיכָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **Ultimately, if you go according to the initial** value, when the loan was granted, **there is *neshekh* and there is *tarbit*,** as the borrower agreed to pay more than he received. **If you go according to the ultimate** value, when the loan was repaid, **there is neither *neshekh* nor is there *tarbit*,** as he repaid only the value he received.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:16
[Bava Metzia 60b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:16)

וְתוּ, תַּרְבִּית בְּלֹא נֶשֶׁךְ הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִי דְּאוֹזֵיף מְאָה בִּמְאָה, מֵעִיקָּרָא קָיְימִי מְאָה בְּדַנְקָא, וּלְבַסּוֹף מְאָה בְּחוּמְשָׁא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Additionally, what are the circumstances** in which there could be ***tarbit* without *neshekh*? If** it is in a case where **one lends to** another **one hundred** *perutot* **with** the agreement to be repaid **one hundred,** and **initially one hundred** copper *perutot* **are** worth **one-sixth** of a dinar, **and ultimately,** when he is repaid, **one hundred** *perutot* **are** worth **one-fifth** of a dinar, this is not an example of one without the other.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:17
[Bava Metzia 60b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:17)

אִי בָּתַר מֵעִיקָּרָא אָזְלַתְּ – לָא נֶשֶׁךְ אִיכָּא וְלָא תַּרְבִּית אִיכָּא. אִי בָּתַר סוֹף אָזְלַתְּ – הֲרֵי נֶשֶׁךְ וַהֲרֵי תַּרְבִּית!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **If you go according to the initial** value, when the loan was granted, **there is neither *neshekh* nor is there *tarbit*,** as he is repaid only the value that he lent. **If you go according to the ultimate** value, when the loan was repaid, **there is *neshekh* and there is *tarbit*,** as the value of one hundred *perutot* has increased.


###### Bava Metzia 60b:18
[Bava Metzia 60b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:18)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: אִי אַתָּה מוֹצֵא לֹא נֶשֶׁךְ בְּלֹא תַּרְבִּית, וְלֹא תַּרְבִּית בְּלֹא נֶשֶׁךְ. וְלֹא חִלְּקָן הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לַעֲבוֹר עָלָיו בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rava said: You do not find *neshekh* without *tarbit* nor *tarbit* without *neshekh*, and the verse distinguished** between **them only so that** lending with interest always involves **violating two prohibitions.**


###### Bava Metzia 60b:19
[Bava Metzia 60b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/60b:19)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״אֶת כַּסְפְּךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לוֹ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ וּבְמַרְבִּית לֹא תִתֵּן אׇכְלֶךָ״. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא נֶשֶׁךְ בְּכֶסֶף וְרִבִּית בְּאוֹכֶל. נֶשֶׁךְ בְּאוֹכֶל מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״נֶשֶׁךְ אֹכֶל״. רִבִּית בְּכֶסֶף מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״נֶשֶׁךְ כֶּסֶף״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: The verse states: **“You shall not give him your money with *neshekh* and with *marbit* you shall not give him your food”** (Leviticus 25:37). **I have** derived **only** that there is a prohibition of ***neshekh* for** a loan of **money and** a prohibition of ***ribit* for** a loan of **food. From where** is it derived that there is ***neshekh* with regard to** a loan of **food** as well? The *baraita* answers: A different **verse states:** “You shall not lend with interest [*tashikh*] to your brother: *Neshekh* of money, ***neshekh* of food,** *neshekh* of anything that is lent with interest [*asher yishakh*]” (Deuteronomy 23:20). The *baraita* continues: **From where** is it derived that there is ***ribit* with regard to** a loan of **money? The verse states: “*Neshekh* of money.”**