## Bava Metzia Daf 82b

###### Bava Metzia 82b:1
[Bava Metzia 82b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:1)

בְּמִלְוֶה צָרִיךְ לְמַשְׁכּוֹן קָמִיפַּלְגִי. מָר סָבַר: מִצְוָה קָא עָבֵיד שֶׁהִלְוָהוּ, וְהָוֵי שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר. וּמָר סָבַר: לָאו מִצְוָה קָא עָבֵיד, שֶׁלַּהֲנָאָתוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּין, וְהָוֵי שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**they disagree with regard to a lender who needs the collateral,** i.e., the lender wants to use the collateral and deduct the value of its use from the amount of the loan. One **Sage,** Rabbi Akiva, **holds that he is performing a mitzva** in **that he lent to him, and** therefore **he is** considered **a paid bailee. And** one **Sage,** Rabbi Eliezer, **holds** that **he is not performing a mitzva, as his intention is** to lend **for his own benefit. And** consequently **he is** considered **an unpaid bailee** for the collateral.


###### Bava Metzia 82b:2
[Bava Metzia 82b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:2)

אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר: מוּתָּר לָאָדָם לְהַשְׂכִּיר מַשְׁכּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עָנִי לִהְיוֹת פּוֹחֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ. אָמַר רַב חָנָן בַּר אַמֵּי אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הֲלָכָה כְּאַבָּא שָׁאוּל. וְאַף אַבָּא שָׁאוּל לָא אָמַר אֶלָּא בְּמָרָא וּפָסָל וְקַרְדּוֹם, הוֹאִיל וּנְפִישׁ אַגְרַיְיהוּ וְזוּטַר פְּחָתַיְיהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that **Abba Shaul says:** It is **permitted** for **a person to rent out a poor person’s collateral** that was given to him for a loan, **so that he shall** set a rental price for it and thereby **progressively reduce** the debt, because this is considered like returning a lost item. **Rav Ḥanan bar Ami says** that **Shmuel says:** The ***halakha*** is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Abba Shaul, but even Abba Shaul said** his ruling **only with regard to a hoe, a chisel, and an ax, since the remuneration** from **these** utensils **is great and their depreciation is small.**


###### Bava Metzia 82b:3
[Bava Metzia 82b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:3)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַמַּעֲבִיר חָבִית מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וּשְׁבָרָהּ, בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר – יִשָּׁבַע. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: זֶה וְזֶה יִשָּׁבַע, וְתָמֵיהַּ אֲנִי אִם יְכוֹלִין זֶה וָזֶה לִישָּׁבַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to **one who was transporting a barrel from one place to another and he broke it, whether** he was **an unpaid bailee or a paid bailee,** if **he takes an oath** that he was not negligent he is exempt from payment. **Rabbi Eliezer says:** Both **this** one, an unpaid bailee, **and that** one, a paid bailee, must **take an oath** to exempt themselves from payment, **but I wonder whether** both **this** one **and that** one **can take an oath.** In other words, this is the *halakha* that I heard from my teachers, but I do not understand their ruling.


###### Bava Metzia 82b:4
[Bava Metzia 82b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:4)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַמַּעֲבִיר חָבִית לַחֲבֵירוֹ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וּשְׁבָרָהּ, בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר – יִשָּׁבַע, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם – יִשָּׁבַע, נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר – יְשַׁלֵּם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: זֶה וְזֶה יִשָּׁבַע, וְתָמֵיהַּ אֲנִי אִם יְכוֹלִין זֶה וָזֶה לִישָּׁבַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught:** With regard to **one who was transporting a barrel for another** person **from one place to another and he broke it, whether** he was **an unpaid bailee or a paid bailee,** if **he takes an oath** that he was not negligent, he is exempt from payment. This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: An unpaid bailee takes an oath** and does not pay, but **a paid bailee pays. Rabbi Eliezer says: This** one **and that** one **take an oath, and I wonder whether** both **this one and that one can take an oath.**


###### Bava Metzia 82b:5
[Bava Metzia 82b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:5)

לְמֵימְרָא דְּסָבַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר נִתְקַל לָאו פּוֹשֵׁעַ הוּא? וְהָתַנְיָא: נִשְׁבְּרָה כַּדּוֹ וְלֹא סִילְּקָהּ נָפְלָה גְּמַלּוֹ וְלֹא הֶעֱמִידָהּ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְחַיֵּיב בְּהֶיזֵּיקָן, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: פָּטוּר מִדִּינֵי אָדָם וְחַיָּיב בְּדִינֵי שָׁמַיִם. וְקַיְימָא לַן דִּבְנִתְקַל פּוֹשֵׁעַ פְּלִיגִי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara analyzes these opinions. Is that **to say** that **Rabbi Meir holds** that **one who stumbles is not** considered **negligent,** but the victim of an accident? **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: If **one’s pitcher broke** in a public place **and he did not remove it** from there, or if **his camel fell and he did not stand it up, Rabbi Meir renders him liable for the damage they** caused? **And the Rabbis say** that he is **exempt according to human laws but** is **liable according to the laws of Heaven.** Although the court cannot impose liability, nevertheless he is morally culpable. **And we maintain that they disagree with regard to** the question of whether **one who stumbles is negligent.** This indicates that Rabbi Meir holds that one who stumbles is considered negligent.


###### Bava Metzia 82b:6
[Bava Metzia 82b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:6)

אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: תִּבְרַהּ, מִי שֶׁשָּׁנָה זוֹ לֹא שָׁנָה זוֹ. וַאֲתָא רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לְמֵימַר: שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם – יִשָּׁבַע, נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר – יְשַׁלֵּם. הַאי כִּי דִינֵיהּ וְהַאי כִּי דִינֵיהּ. וַאֲתָא רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְמֵימַר: אִין, גְּמָרָא כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר. וּמִיהוּ תָּמֵיהַּ אֲנִי אִם יְכוֹלִין זֶה וָזֶה לִישָּׁבַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Elazar said: Break** the mishna, as he **who taught this did not teach that,** i.e., there are two traditions with regard to Rabbi Meir’s opinion. **And Rabbi Yehuda came to say** a different ruling: **An unpaid bailee takes an oath** and does not pay while **a paid bailee pays, this one in accordance with his law and that one in accordance with his law,** as an unpaid bailee is exempt from liability for theft and loss, while a paid bailee is liable in those cases and exempt only in cases of circumstances beyond his control. **And Rabbi Eliezer came to say: Yes,** there is **a tradition** that **is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Meir,** as I learned from my teachers, **but I wonder whether** both **this** one **and that** one **can take an oath.**


###### Bava Metzia 82b:7
[Bava Metzia 82b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bava%20Metzia/r/82b:7)

בִּשְׁלָמָא שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם מִשְׁתְּבַע דְּלָא פְּשַׁע בַּהּ: אֶלָּא שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר אַמַּאי מִשְׁתְּבַע? כִּי לָא פְּשַׁע נָמֵי שַׁלּוֹמֵי בָּעֵי. וַאֲפִילּוּ שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם נָמֵי, הָתִינַח בִּמְקוֹם מִדְרוֹן. שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם מִדְרוֹן, מִי מָצֵי מִשְׁתְּבַע דְּלָא פְּשַׁע בַּהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Granted, an unpaid bailee takes an oath that he was not negligent with regard to** the barrel, as required by Torah law, **but why does a paid bailee take an oath?** Even **if he was not negligent he is still required to pay,** as he is obligated to pay for theft and loss. **And even** with regard to **an unpaid bailee,** this **works out well** if the barrel broke **on an inclined plane [*midron*],** as the accident occurred due to the difficulty of transporting it, but if it broke **not on an inclined plane** but under different circumstances, **how can he take an oath** that **he was not negligent** with it? Evidently his negligence caused the accident.